1,721,011 research outputs found
A human translational model based on neuroplasticity for pharmacological agents potentially effective in Treatment-Resistant Depression: Focus on dopaminergic system
Full text linkMajor Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric condition characterised by two core symptoms, low mood and anhedonia (or lack of pleasure). About 15-30% of people suffering from MDD do not respond to standard-of-care antidepressants, e.g., the serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRI), and are considered affected by Treatment Resistant Depression (TRD). The neurobiology of this condition is presently unknown. Recent attempts of developing novel treatments for TRD have been driven by four major breakthroughs: (1) Increasing dopaminergic neurotransmission improves TRD symptoms; (2) Anhedonia occurs when central dopaminergic neurotransmission is low; (3) Enhanced neuroplasticity is critical for the action of antidepressants; (4) Ketamine shows antidepressant properties in TRD patients and triggers neuroplasticity in preclinical animal models. These breakthroughs are at the basis of a putative human translational cellular model for antidepressant agents that we are proposing in this article. The rationale is briefly described here
Mechanisms of ketamine -induced neuroplasticity: potential effects on brain and behaviour
No full textRecreational use of ketamine is increased over recent years in many parts of the world, and physical harms and addiction have been reported in heavily users (Morgan & Curran, 2012; Schifano et al., 2006). Initially confined to certain subcultures, ketamine is now the fourth most popular drug among UK clubbers after cannabis, ecstasy and cocaine, suggesting high potential of abuse (Morgan & Curran, 2012). This abuse potential can be related to its complex psychoactive profile observed at low doses, that include analgesic, psychotropic and antidepressant effects. Recent research has shown that ketamine can induce long lasting effects just after a single low dose acute administration
Estimación de condiciones p-t en secuencias afectadas por metamorfismo de muy bajo a bajo grado: aplicación del parámetro b y la cristalinidad de illita y clorita en metasedimentos de la alta guajira
Full text linkLara, M.1, Cardona, A.2, Collo, G.3 and amp; Montes, C.4 1Corporación Geológica Ares, Bogotá, Colombia. [email protected] 2Escuela de Química y Petróleos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia. [email protected] 3Laboratorio de Análisis de Cuencas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina. 4Geociencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia. La illita (Ill) y clorita (Chl) son minerales de arcilla usados para estimar valores aproximados de las condiciones de presión (parámetro b) y temperatura (índice de cristalinidad) en zonas de muy bajo grado metamórfico en metasedimentos. Esta estimación se realiza analizando el orden estructural y el grado de cristalinidad de los minerales arcillosos mediante Difracción de Rayos X......
Role of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles in tumour microenvironment
Full text linkStromal cells, deriving from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), are crucial component of tumour microenvironment and represent key regulators of tumour processes. MSCs can be recruited to the tumour environment and interact with many cellular elements, thus influencing tumour biology. Cell-to-cell communication is in part mediated by the release of extracellular vesicle (EVs). EVs can induce significant molecular changes in recipient cells, delivering bioactive molecules. In this review, we describe the MSC-derived EVs content and discuss their role in different processes related to cancer biology. Furthermore, we summarize chemical or biological EVs modifications aiming to develop more efficient antitumor therapies
Gut Microbiome-Liver-Brain axis in Alcohol Use Disorder. The role of gut dysbiosis and stress in alcohol-related cognitive impairment progression: possible therapeutic approaches
Full text linkThe Gut Microbiome-Liver-Brain Axis is a relatively novel construct with promising potential to enhance our understanding of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), and its therapeutic approaches. Significant alterations in the gut microbiome occur in AUD even before any other systemic signs or symptoms manifest. Prolonged and inappropriate alcohol consumption, by affecting the gut microbiota and gut mucosa permeability, is thought to contribute to the development of behavioral and cognitive impairments, leading to Alcohol-Related Liver Disorders and potentially progressing into alcoholic cirrhosis, which is often associated with severe cognitive impairment related to neurodegeneration, such as hepatic encephalopathy and alcoholic dementia. The critical role of the gut microbiota is further supported by the efficacy of FDA-approved treatments for hepatic encephalopathy in alcoholic cirrhosis (i.e., lactulose and rifaximin). To stimulate new research, we hypothesize that interactions between a maladaptive stress response and a constitutional predisposition to neurodegeneration underlie the progression of AUD to conditions of Alcohol-Related Clinical Concerns with severe cognitive impairment, which represent a significant and costly burden to society. Early identification of AUD individuals at risk for developing these conditions could help to prioritize integrated therapeutic interventions targeting different substrates of the Gut Microbiome-Liver-Brain axis. Specifically, addiction medications, microbiome modulators, stress-reducing interventions, and, possibly soon, novel agents that reduce hepatic steatosis/fibrosis will be discussed in the context of digitally supported integrated therapeutic approaches. The explicit goal of this AUD treatment performed on the early stage of the disorder would be to reduce the transition from AUD to those conditions of Alcohol-Related Common Clinical Concerns associated with severe cognitive impairment, a strategy recommended for most neurological neurodegenerative disorders
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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