105,340 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
Contribution of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Country’S H-Index
No full textThe aim of this study is to examine the effect of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) development on country’s scientific ranking as measured by H-index. Moreover, this study applies ICT development sub-indices including ICT Use, ICT Access and ICT skill to find the distinct effect of these sub-indices on country’s H-index. To this purpose, required data for the panel of 14 Middle East countries over the period 1995 to 2009 is collected. Findings of the current study show that ICT development increases the H-index of the sample countries. The results also indicate that ICT Use and ICT Skill sub-indices positively contribute to higher H-index but the effect of ICT access on country’s H-index is not clear
Forb community responses to an extensive drought in two contrasting land-use types of a semi-arid Lowveld savanna
No full textProjected increases in the frequency and severity of drought events are expected to impose changes in the ecology
of native forb communities in semi-arid ecosystems. We examined the state of forb communities during, and
directly after an extreme drought event across two contrasting land-use types, which included a protected area
(high diversity of free roaming wild herbivores) and communal rangeland (long history of intensive cattle grazing)
in a semi-arid Lowveld savanna of the Gazankulu area, South Africa. Forb floristic data were collected towards the
end of the drought and repeated after the drought release a few months later. Forb community composition was
significantly different among land-use types. Community changes were not induced by annual forb emergence
alone, but through species-specific dominance shifts, which differed among land-use types. Forb richness,
diversity and biomass were equally low at both land-use types and increased significantly after the drought release,
although the magnitude of response was much stronger in the protected area, whereas drought contributed to a
directional change in the protected area with a complete post-drought turnover in both annual and perennial forb
species, much less variability was observed in the communal rangeland, which may suggest long-term effects
imposed by land-use histor
Henk van Woerden se "Kaapse trilogie" as 'n vorm van bekentenisliteratuur
No full textEnglish: South Africa is a country of beauty and violence. Understanding the essence of the country requires a journey into its past to dig up its variety of stories in order to present them in alliance with all the beauty and hardship and cruelty of the surroundings in which they play off. Henk van Woerden undertakes such a journey.
Van Woerden’s books Moenie kyk nie (1993), Tikoes (1996) and Een mond vol glas (1998) are based on his own past as Dutch immigrant in South Africa and his personal experience of the country’s history of apartheid. The reception of these books – and of Een mond vol glas in particular - is characterized by misinterpretation and fierce judgement. This misinterpretation and consequent, unjustified negative evaluation result from two things: failure to read the three books as a trilogy (which would add an extra dimension of meaning) and not taking into account the specific genre to which they belong.
The hypothesis proposed and validated in this study is that Van Woerden’s three books, in which his youth in the Cape and later important periods in his life are described, form an autobiographical unit: they are cyclically linked. This necessitates interpretation and evaluation based not only on an individual text, but taking into account the relationship with other texts in the cycle. H.P. van Coller’s definition of prose cycles is used to proof that the books do form a literary unit. The most important indication of a cycle in Van Woerden’s texts is the great amount of motives and themes, characters and events, which repeatedly occur and develop.
A further hypothesis states that the genre in which the cycle as a whole is described, is a form of historiography where the combined meaning has a function that rises above factual controllability. It is suggested that these books can be defined as a hybrid form of confessional literature, in which the author depicts the history of the country, recalling his personal experience of it. He does this by using fictional tools to give these autobiographically founded stories an artistic dimension.
Readers who interpret Van Woerden’s trilogy in this way, will recognize the function of the past being processed by way of giving artistic form to it.
Finally, the texts are in line with the prevailing tendencies in history writing in both Dutch and South African literature, where the subjective rewriting of history in order to tell of personal experience of events is acceptable. In other respects Van Woerden’s work is ground braking. The texts converse interestingly with numerous other texts and contribute mainly to colonial and post-colonial discourses in Dutch and Afrikaans literature.Afrikaans: Suid-Afrika is ’n land van skoonheid en geweld. Om iets van die wese van die land te begryp, moet teruggedelf word in die verlede en die verskeidenheid van verhale moet kunstig gerekonstrueer word met inbegrip van alle skoonheid en wreedheid van die omgewing waarin dit afspeel. Henk van Woerden onderneem so ’n reis.
Die resepsie van sy drie boeke Moenie kyk nie (1993), Tikoes (1996) en Een mond vol glas (1998), wat gebaseer is op sy eie verlede as ’n Nederlandse immigrant in Suid- Afrika en sy persoonlike ervaring van die apartheidsverlede van die land, is gekenmerk deur waniterpretasie en fel kritiek op veral die laaste van die tekste. Hierdie verkeerde interpretasie en gevolglik onregverdige evaluasie, kan herlei word tot die wyse waarop die boeke dikwels gelees is buite beskouing van die bepaalde genre waarin dit geskryf is en versuim om die drie as ’n geheel wat saam groter betekenis dra, te beskou.
Die hipotese wat in hierdie ondersoek gestel en as houdbaar bewys is, is dat Van Woerden se drieluik ’n outobiografiese geheel daarstel waarin sy jeugjare in die Kaap beskryf word, maar waarin ook belangrike fases van sy latere lewe beslag kry. Hierdie werke is in ’n sikliese verband geskakel, wat dit noodsaaklik maak om dit in geheelverband te interpreteer en ook te evalueer. H.P. van Coller se definisie van die prosasiklus is gebruik om te bewys dat die boeke wel ’n literêre eenheid vorm. Die vernaamste aanduiding van ’n siklus was die groot hoeveelheid motiewe en temas, karakters en gebeure, wat deurgaans herhaal en ontwikkel.
’n Verdere hipotese is dat die genre waarin die siklus geskryf is, ’n vorm van geskiedskrywing is waarin die geheelbetekenis ’n funksie het wat feitelike kontroleerbaarheid oortref. In die studie word voorgestel dat die genre waarin die tekste geskryf is, beskryf word as ’n hibriede vorm van bekentenisliteratuur, waar die outeur in outobiografies gefundeerde tekste die geskiedenis van ’n land en sy persoonlike ervaring daarvan in herinnering roep en op ’n artistieke wyse en deur die gebruik van fiksionele middele vorm daaraan gee. Lesers wat die trilogie só interpreteer, sal bereid wees om die funksie te sien van verwerking van die verlede deur vormgewing.
Verder is aangetoon dat die tekste aansluit by die heersende tendense in geskiedskrywing in Nederlandse en Suid-Afrikaanse literatuur, waarby die subjektiewe optekening en herskrywing van die verlede aanvaarbaar is. In ander opsigte is Van Woerden se tekste vernuwend en knoop dit interessante gesprekke met verskeie tekste aan. Dit dra veral by tot die koloniale en post-koloniale diskoerse van beide die Nederlandse en Afrikaanse literatuur.National Research Foundation (NRF
Fully Turbulent Mean Velocity Profile for Purely Viscous non-Newtonian Fluids
No full textThe characteristic near wall behavior of turbulent flow of purely-viscous non-Newtonian fluids is discussed for both power-law (P.-L.) and Herschel-Bulkley (H.-B.) rheological models. A proper scaling is presented for H.-B. fluids to establish an analogy with power-law fluids with same flow index. To provide reference data for turbulent flow of non-Newtonian fluids, DNS simulations of power-law fluids are conducted in a rectangular channel for a large range of power-law indices ( = 0.5, 0.69, 0.75, 0.9, 1, 1.2). The DNS data show that the mean velocity profile in the viscous and logarithmic layers follow expressions of the form and respectively, where shows a logarithmic dependency on the flow index.Comparison with some experimental data shows the above formulation to be valid for Reynolds numbers (based on shear velocity) as high as 1000
H-index and research evaluation: A suggested set of components for developing a comprehensive author-level index
No full textThe H-index has been investigated in various studies; this index has many strengths that have made it popular. However, it also has weaknesses, due to which other indicators have been developed. This study aims to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the H-index and provide the minimum set of necessary components for developing a comprehensive author-level index. In this systematic literature review, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Emerald, and ProQuest databases were searched to identify relevant studies. From the number of 14,253 retrieved studies, after two stages of screening, 81 studies were selected according to the eligibility criteria for data extraction. The findings of the study led to the identification of 15 strengths in the three categories of Quality Features, Simplicity, and Suitability, and 13 weaknesses in the six categories of Publications, Citations, Academic Age, Author Credit Allocation, Variety of Fields, and mathematical calculation for H-index. Finally, 28 components were identified as the minimum set of necessary components to develop a comprehensive author-level index to help evaluate researchers more realistically and fairly. The minimum components that need to be considered in developing a comprehensive author-level index can be proposed as follows: Quality Features, Simplicity, Suitability, Publications, Citations, Academic Age, Author Credit Allocation, Variety of Fields, and mathematical calculation
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