1,720,957 research outputs found
The sand fly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) of Espirito Santo do Pinhal, São Paulo, Brazil
No full textOrientadores: Angelo Pires do Prado, Claudio CasanovaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de BiologiaResumo: Desde 2004, a transmissão canina de leishmaniose visceral americana (LVA) tem sido registrada na área urbana de Espírito Santo do Pinhal, e no decorrer da última década, casos humanos esporádicos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA) ocorreram na sua área rural. Este estudo visou ampliar o conhecimento a respeito dos flebotomíneos e a sua ecologia populacional nos ambientes rural, periurbano e urbano desse município. As coletas foram feitas semanalmente, durante um período de 15 meses, com armadilhas luminosas automáticas tipo CDC no peridomicílio de 18 imóveis. Um total de 5.562 flebotomíneos foi coletado, divididos em 17 espécies. As espécies mais freqüentes foram Nyssomyia whitmani (43,5%) e Pintomyia pessoai (28,7%) na área rural, Lutzomyia. longipalpis (52,2%) e NY.whitmani (36,2%) na área periurbana, e Lu. longipalpis (73,0%) na área urbana. As espécies mais abundante, segundo o índice de abundância de espécie padronizado foram, em ordem decrescente, NY.whitmani, Lu. Longipalpis e Evandromyia lenti. A maior riqueza de espécies foi encontrada na área rural, bem como o maior índice de diversidade. O índice de dimilaridade de Sorensen mostrou que as áreas rural e periurbana são as mais similares. Lu. longipaldis foi encontrado em todas as áreas do município durante o período de coleta, e a alta abundância foi encontrada nos períodos posteriores às chuvas. Este fato, somado a presença de cães infectados com Leishmania infantum chagasi na área urbana, representa um risco para o estabelecimento dessa doença na região. A elevada abundância de NY. Whitmani e de PI. Pessoai na área rural e periurbana indicam a possibilidade de ocorrência de novos casos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana e a sua expansão para a área de Espírito Santo do PinhalAbstract: Since 2004 there hás been canine transmission of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) in the urban area of Espírito Santo do Pinhal and, over the last decade, sporadic human cases of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) have been recorded in the rural area. This study aime to increase the knowledge of the sand fly communityand its populational ecology in the rural, urban and periurban areas of this municipality. The captures were carried out weekly, over a period of 15 months, with automatic light traps in the surrondingd of 18 proprieties. A total of 5.562 sandflies were colleted, comprised of 17 species. The most abundance species were Nyssomyia whitmani (43,5%) and Pintomyia pessoai (28,7%) in the rural area, Lutzomyia. longipalpis (52,2%) and NY.whitmani (36,2%) in the periurban area, and Lu. longipalpis (73,0%) in the urban area. The highest species richness was found in the rural area, along with the greatest index species diversity. The similarity index, used to compare the different areas, showed that rural and periurban areas were most alike. Lu. Longipaldis was found in all areas of the district during the collection period, and high abundance was usually found after a heavy rain period. This, plus the presence of dogs infected with Leishmania infantum chagasi in the urban area, presents a risk of the establishment of the AVL in the region. The high abundance of Ny. Whitmani and Pi. Pessoai in the rural and periurban areas indicate the possibility of new cases of ACL occurring, and spreading to the periurban area of Espírito Santo do PinhalMestradoParasitologiaMestre em Parasitologi
Biology and ecology of sand flies, vectors of Leishmania, in São Paulo state
No full textOrientador: Cláudio CasanovaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de BiologiaResumo: Flebotomíneos (Diptera: Psychodidae) são insetos de importância médico-veterinária pois participam do ciclo de doenças tais como leishmanioses, que acometem milhares de pessoas ao redor do mundo. O conhecimento sobre a ecologia e biologia desses dípteros é de fundamental importância para determinar a capacidade e competência vetorial de suas populações, e portanto, relevantes do ponto de vista da saúde pública. Este trabalho buscou esclarecer alguns pontos com informações deficientes sobre a biologia e ecologia das espécies vetoras de Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi e Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, respectivamente, Lutzomyia longipalpis e Nyssomyia neivai, no estado de São Paulo. Para a leishmaniose visceral americana (LVA), objetivou-se esclarecer questões a respeito de criadouros urbanos preferenciais de Lu. longipalpis e sobre sua expansão geográfica no estado de São Paulo. Em referências às lacunas no conhecimento da ecoepidemiologia da leishmaniose tegumentar americana, a competência vetorial de Nyssomyia neivai para L. (V.) braziliensis e o estudo da composição da comunidade flebotomínica em área endêmica no nordeste do estado, bem como sua variação mensal. Criadouros de Lu. longipalpis foram encontrados predominantemente em ambientes sombreados com grande quantidade de matéria orgânica, com maior concentração de larvas associadas a galinheiros. Quanto à sua dispersão, esta parece ter seguido uma rota a partir de Mato Grosso do Sul, seguindo em direção oeste-leste e também para norte e para sul a partir dessa linha central. A ocorrência de casos de LVA em humanos frequentemente é precedida pela detecção de Lu. longipalpis e casos caninos. Nyssomyia neivai, bastante frequente em áreas endêmicas para LTA no vale do Rio Mogi Guaçu, mostrou-se competente para adquirir, manter e transmitir o parasito em condições laboratoriais, cumprindo assim mais uma etapa necessária para a sua incriminação como espécie-vetora. Ainda no vale do rio Mogi Guaçu, a comunidade de flebotomíneos mostrou-se bastante diversa, com 17 espécies, das quais cinco são importantes para o ciclo da LTA. A fauna flebotomínica encontrada era composta majoritariamente por Nyssomyia whitmani, Migonemyia migonei e Expapillata firmatoi e, mais uma vez, abrigos para animais, tais como galinheiros, foi o local preferido para estes insetos, onde a sua maioria foi capturada. Desta forma, este trabalho apresenta dados relevantes para o conhecimento a respeito desses insetos vetores, que podem ser usados como base para futuros projetos ou no desenvolvimento de novas estratégias de controle dessas doençasAbstract: Phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are insects of medical and veterinary importance because they take part in the cicle of diseases, such as leishmaniasis which affect thousands of people around the world. Learning about these dipteras¿s ecology and biology is fundamentaly important to define the vectorial capacity and competence of their populations, and therefore, relevant for the public health perspective. This study aimed at adressing some issues with deficiente information on the biology and ecology of vector species of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, respectively, Lutzomyia longipalpis and Nyssomyia neivai, in São Paulo State. For the American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL), this paper tried to answer questions on the preferencial breeding site of Lu. longipalpis and its geographical expantion in São Paulo State. In relation to the knowledge of the ecoepidemiology of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL), the vectorial competence of Nyssomyia neivai to L. (V.) braziliensis and the analysis of the sandfly community in and endemic area in the Northeast of the state were studied. Lutzomyia longipalpis breeding sites were found predominantly in shaded environments with great amount of organic matter, and the greatest concentration of larvae associated to chicken sheds. Considering its dispersion, Lu. longipalpis seemed to follow a route from Mato Grosso do Sul to São Paulo city, in a west to east direction and from that central line, an expansion to the north and south. The occurance of human AVL is generally preceded by the detection of Lu. longipalpis and canine cases. Nyssomyia neivai, frequently found in endemic áreas for ACL in the Mogi Gauçu River Valley, was shown to be competente to aquire, host and transmit the parasite under laboratory conditions, thus fulfilling another requirement to be recognized as a vector species. Still in Mogi Guaçu River Valley, the sandfly community was greatly diverse, comprised of 17 species, of which five are considered important for the ACL cicle. The sandfly fauna was mainly comprised of Nyssomyia whitmani, Migonemyia migonei and Expapillata firmatoi and, once again, animal shelters, such as chicken sheds, were the preferred site for these insects, where the greatest amount was collected. Therefore, this work presents relevant data for the knowledge on these vector insects, which can be used as basis for future projects or in the development of new control strategies against these diseasesDoutoradoRelações Antrópicas, Meio Ambiente e ParasitologiaDoutora em Biologia Anima
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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