103 research outputs found
Second malignancies in breast cancer patients following radiotherapy: a study in Florence, Italy
No full textntroduction: Patients diagnosed with breast cancer are often treated with surgery followed by radiation therapy. In this paper, we evaluate the effect that radiotherapy may have had on the subsequent risk of second malignancies, including the possible influences of age at treatment and menopausal status.Methods: In order to evaluate the long-term consequences of radiotherapy, a cohort study was conducted based on clinical records for 5,248 women treated for breast cancer in Florence (Italy), with continuous follow-up from 1965 to 1994. The Cox proportional hazards model for ungrouped survival data was used to estimate the relative risk for second cancer after radiotherapy.Results: This study indicated an increased relative risk of all second cancers combined following radiotherapy (1.22, 95% CI: 0.88 to 1.69). The increased relative risk appeared five or more years after radiotherapy and appeared to be highest amongst women treated after the menopause (1.61, 95% CI: 1.13 to 2.29). Increased relative risks were observed specifically for leukaemia (8.13, 95% CI: 0.96 to 69.1) and other solid cancers (1.84, 95% CI: 1.06 to 3.16), excluding contralateral breast cancer. For contralateral breast cancer, no raised relative risk was observed during the period more than five years after radiotherapy.Conclusions: The study indicated a raised risk of second malignancies associated with radiotherapy for breast cancer, particularly for women treated after the menopause
Application of the Potthoff-Whittinghill technique to detecting temporal clustering of influenza hospitalisations among children aged 0–4 years in California<sup>a</sup> during the flu seasons from 2006–07 to 2011–12 inclusive.
No full text<p>Notes:</p><p>Based on locations participating in the California Emerging Infections Program.</p>a<p>PW is the one-step estimate of β, the extra-Poisson variation, calculated as S/i(0) in the notation of Muirhead <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0060489#pone.0060489-Muirhead1" target="_blank">[22]</a>.</p>b<p>SE is the standard error of PW in the absence of extra-Poisson variation, calculated as 1/√i(0) in the notation of Muirhead <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0060489#pone.0060489-Muirhead1" target="_blank">[22]</a>.</p>c<p>p-values have been calculated using 10000 simulations of PW, assuming Poisson variation. All p-values are one-sided.</p
Application of the Potthoff-Whittinghill technique to detecting temporal clustering of diagnoses of type 1 diabetes at ages 0–14 years in Northumberland, Newcastle upon Tyne and North Tyneside during 1990–2007 inclusive.
No full text<p>Notes:</p>a<p>PW is the one-step estimate of β, the extra-Poisson variation, calculated as S/i(0) in the notation of Muirhead <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0060489#pone.0060489-Muirhead1" target="_blank">[22]</a>.</p>b<p>SE is the standard error of PW in the absence of extra-Poisson variation, calculated as 1/√i(0) in the notation of Muirhead <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0060489#pone.0060489-Muirhead1" target="_blank">[22]</a>.</p>c<p>p-values have been calculated using 10000 simulations of PW, assuming Poisson variation. All p-values are one-sided.</p>d<p>The analysis between years was based on all 526 cases, whereas the other analyses excluded the 58 cases with a diagnosis date of 1<sup>st</sup> July.</p
Book Reviews
No full textFeather, John; Matthews, Graham and Eden, Paul
Preservation management: policies and practices in British libraries
Jordan, Peter. Staff management in library and information work.
Hopkins, Tracey. User education in academic libraries:
results of 1995 CTILIS SurveY
Muirhead, Graeme, Ed. The systems librarian: the role of the
library systems manager
Harris, Colin, Ed. The new university library: issues for the 90s
and beyond. Essays in honour of Ian Rogerson
Ulnar ostectomy decreases the stability of canine cadaver carpi as assessed with stress radiography
No full textEffect of distal ulnar ostectomy on carpal joint stability during weight bearing in the dog
No full textTwo error components model for measurement error: application to radon in homes
No full textKeywords: Additive error Bayesian approach Measurement error Multiplicative error Radon concentrations Repeated measurements a b s t r a c t In this paper, a simple model for analysing variability in radon concentrations in homes is tested. The approach used here involves two error components, representing additive and multiplicative errors, together with variation between-houses. We use a Bayesian approach for our analysis and apply this model to two datasets of repeat radon measurements in homes; one based on 3-month long measurements for which the original measurements were close to the current UK Radon Action Level (200 Bq m À3 ), and the other based on 6-month measurement data (from regional and national surveys), for which the original measurements cover a wide range of radon concentrations, down to very low levels. The model with two error components provides a better fit to these datasets than does a model based on solely multiplicative errors
Plasmodiophora brassicae CBM18 Proteins Bind Chitin and Suppress Chitin-Triggered Immunity
No full textPlants have a sophisticated and multilayered immune system. However, plant pathogens, helped by effector proteins, have found several strategies to evade plant immunity. For instance, the clubroot pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae is able to turn the roots of susceptible hosts into nutrient-sink galls suppressing pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity. Chitin, the main component of P. brassicae spore cell walls and a well-known pathogen-associated molecular pattern, can elicit PTI but is also the target of plant chitinases and chitin deacetylases. The fact that P. brassicae does not trigger PTI during infection of susceptible hosts motivated a genome-wide search of genes coding for secreted proteins with domains previously associated with chitin binding. We found that the P. brassicae genome encodes a repertoire of candidate-secreted effectors containing the chitin-binding domain carbohydrate-binding module family 18 (CBM18), chitinase, and chitin deacetylase domains. The role of these proteins in the pathogenicity of the clubroot pathogen is unknown. Here, we characterized two CBM18 proteins, PbChiB2 and PbChiB4, which are transcriptionally activated during infection. Through coprecipitation, we found that recombinant PbChiB2 and PbChiB4 bind to spores and to chitin oligomers. We also showed that both proteins suppress chitin-triggered activation of the map kinase proteins MPK3 and MPK6 in the host Brassica napus. These findings suggest that P. brassicae CBM18 proteins act as effectors for protecting the clubroot pathogen and for suppressing chitin-triggered immunity during infection. [Figure: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license
A restatement of the natural science evidence base concerning the health effects of low-level ionizing radiation.
No full textExposure to ionizing radiation is ubiquitous, and it is well established that moderate and high doses cause ill-health and can be lethal. The health effects of low doses or low dose-rates of ionizing radiation are not so clear. This paper describes a project which sets out to summarize, as a restatement, the natural science evidence base concerning the human health effects of exposure to low-level ionizing radiation. A novel feature, compared to other reviews, is that a series of statements are listed and categorized according to the nature and strength of the evidence that underpins them. The purpose of this restatement is to provide a concise entrée into this vibrant field, pointing the interested reader deeper into the literature when more detail is needed. It is not our purpose to reach conclusions on whether the legal limits on radiation exposures are too high, too low or just right. Our aim is to provide an introduction so that non-specialist individuals in this area (be they policy-makers, disputers of policy, health professionals or students) have a straightforward place to start. The summary restatement of the evidence and an extensively annotated bibliography are provided as appendices in the electronic supplementary material
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