415 research outputs found
Many are called, few are chosen: The role of science in drug development decisions
No full textPharmaceutical firms are extremely selective in deciding which patented drug candidates are taken up into clinical development, given the high costs and risks involved. We argue that the scientific base of drug candidates, and who was responsible for that scientific research, are key antecedents of take-up into clinical trials and whether the patent owner ('internal take-up') or another firm ('external take-up') leads the clinical development effort. We hypothesize that patented drug candidates that refer to scientific research are more likely to be taken up in development, and that in-house conducted scientific research is predominantly associated with internal take-up due to the ease of knowledge transfer within the firm. Examining 18,360 drug candidates patented by 136 pharmaceutical firms we find support for these hypotheses. In addition, drug candidates referring to in-house scientific research exhibit a higher probability of eventual drug development success. Our findings underline the importance of a 'rational drug design' approach that explicitly builds on scientific research. The benefits of internal scientific research in clinical development highlight the potential downside of pervasive organizational specialization in the life sciences in either scientific research or clinical development.sponsorship: AcknowledgementsThe authors received financial support from the Research Foundation Flanders grant No. G07301N and 11ZZM17N. (Research Foundation Flanders|G07301N, Research Foundation Flanders|11ZZM17N)status: Published onlin
Freda Linde Collection index
No full textThis index describes the Freda Linde collection consists of material of Freda Linde, journalist, editor, translator and author of children's books. The collection contains correspondence ; manuscripts ; diaries ; notebooks ; translations ; personalia ; pamphlets ; research material ; illustrations ; reviews ; articles ; newspaper clippings ; photos compiled in 70 pamphlet boxes
MSI Discussion Paper MSI_2112
No full textWhile their expertise and scientific excellence make academic star scientists attractive collaboration partners for firms, this study indicates that firms face difficulties in capturing value from collaborations with academic stars. Stars are time constrained, may be less committed to
commercialization, and can be a source of undesired knowledge spillovers to other firms. The purpose of this study is to recognize the contingencies under which collaboration with star scientists is positively associated with a firm’s ability to produce valuable patents (invention
performance). We analyze a panel dataset on the collaborations in basic research(publication data) and invention performance (patent output) of 60 prominent pharmaceutical firms. We find that basic research collaboration with academic stars is on average not associated with a performance premium above the overall positive influence of collaborating with academia. We only observe this premium if the star scientist abstains from simultaneous collaboration with other firms
(‘dedication’) and extend her collaboration with the firm to involvenot only basic but also applied research (‘translation’). Extending prior work that has focused on corporate star scientists, we find that if the collaboration involves an internal firm star scientist, a translational contribution of the
academic star is no longer a prerequisite, and may even be detrimental to inventive performance. Our findings inform the literatures on industry-science links and firms’ (scientific) absorptive capacity by revealing the crucial contingencies for firms to benefit from partnering with the best
and brightest among academic scientists.
Practitioner Points:
- Intuitively we may expect that collaborating with the very top among academics benefits firms, yet collaborating with these academic star scientists also entails important challenges.
- Organizations seeking to benefit from the extraordinary expertise of academic star scientists should take into account two important conditions:
o The top academic should be a dedicated collaboration partner, and avoid simultaneous collaboration with other firms.
o The top academic should not only be involved in basic research but also in applied research collaboration with the firm, enhancing her ability to assist the firm in the translation of research into a marketable product.
- When the firm also employs a star scientist who is engaged in the collaborative research with an academic star scientist, the translation of the joint research is better performed by the internally employed star scientists instead of the academic star scientist.status: Publishe
An In Vitro Pilot Fermentation Study on the Impact of Chlorella pyrenoidosa on Gut Microbiome Composition and Metabolites in Healthy and Coeliac Subjects
No full text© 2021 C. van der Linde, M. Barone, S. Turroni, P. Brigidi, E. Keleszade, J. Swann, A. Costabile. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ADVERTISING IN THE COMPANY LINDE GAS D.O.O. - LPG
No full textV teoretičnem delu diplomske naloge sem predstavil pojem oglaševanja ter korake oglaševalskega programa, v praktičnem delu pa sem predstavil konkretne aktivnosti oglaševanja utekočinjenega naftnega plina v podjetju Linde plin d. o. o., v katerem sem zaposlen.Theoretical part of graduation thesis defines the concept of advertising and presents the steps
of advertising program. Practical part presents actual activities on advertising of liquid gas in
company Linde plin d.o.o. where the author is employed
Inspection of the Polish Intelligentsia after the November Insurrection. Kazimierz Brodziński and Samuel Bogumił Linde
No full textOpinions for the representative of the Polish Kingdom, Ivan Paskevich about Kazimierz Brodziński and Samuel Bogumił Linde, as well as about their activities in the times of the November Insurrection written by Aleksander Krassowski in the year 1833, and by Leon Rogalski in the year 1836; a 1833 opinion about Kazimierz Brodziński written by Samuel Bogumił Linde; Samuel Bogumił Linde as an author and editor of the document Sprawozdanie o urzędnikach pod dyrekcją Wydziału Wychowania w 1833 [A Report about Civil Servants Conducted by the Department of Education]
Internship Report On Working Capital Management of Linde Bangladesh Ltd.
No full textThe writing has tried to connect the theoratcal evalution with the help of emperical data in terms of Working capital Practise in the specified organization. Linde bangladesh Inc. is the chosen organization here as the author was the internee there for 4 months period. With the application of a set of ratios over the data of number of years, the approach of WCM, liquidity condition , CCC, operating cycle has been assesed for getting an idea of the Working Capital Management in Lindee Banglades
Samuel Bogumił Linde and the Russian culture and science (on the basis of the periodicals in the early 19th century)
No full textThe beginning of the 19th century is the period of a gradual development of the Polish- Russian cultural and scientific relations in the area of the periodical press. Samuel Bogumił Linde (1771-1847), a linguist, author of the Dictionary of the Polish Language, translator, bibliographer and librarian, was one of the main representatives of the Polish science at that time. The article consists of four parts: 1. Opening remarks (Linde and Alexander Vostokov, Linde and Jakov Galinkovsky; review of the Polish and Russian periodicals in the early 19th century); 2. Linde and Vasily Anastasyevich (materials on the Polish culture in the periodical „Uley"); 3. Linde and Vasily Sopikov (about the Russian literature in the periodical „Pamiętnik Warszawski"); 4. About Linde in the periodical „Moskwitianin" (instead of conclusion) (the article about Linde by Jan Papłoński, around the correspondence of Evfimy Bolkhovitinov and Vasily Anasta- syevich). Vasily Anastasyevich (1775-1845) was a translator, bibliographer, publisher of the periodical „Uley”. Vasily Sopikov (1765-1818) was a bibliographer and librarian
Differentation of short and long vowels for 2nd grade students with phonematic disorders
No full textDiplomdarba temats „Īso un garo patskaņu atšķiršana 2. klases skolēniem ar fonemātiskiem traucējumiem”. Diplomdarba autore – Gita Linde. Darba vadītāja – Mg.paed. Ilze Vilka. Diplomdarbs izstrādāts ar mērķi teorētiski izzināt un izveidot tādus uzdevumus, kas sekmētu īso un garo patskaņu atšķiršanu 2. klases skolēniem ar fonemātiskiem traucējumiem. Šī ir aktuāla problēma, ar ko saskaras daudzi skolu skolotāji mūsdienās. Balstoties uz teorētiskajā daļā analizētajām dažādu autoru atziņām par 2. klases skolēnu attīstību veselumā un fonemātisko uztveri, diplomdarba autore secina, ka runa skolēnam ir saistīta ar uztveri un domāšanu, kā arī sociālo labklājību. Praktiskajā darbībā tika veikts pētījums par 2. klases skolēniem ar fonemātiskiem traucējumiem. Darba autore izstrādāja fonemātiskās uztveres pārbaudes kritērijus un veica kā sākotnējo, tā arī beigu pārbaudi. Pēc koriģējoši attīstošās darbības, atkārtotā fonemātiskās uztveres pārbaude parāda, ka skolēniem ir vērojams progress. Apkopoti un analizēti pētījuma rezultāti. Darbs sastāv no ievada, trīs nodaļām un apakšnodaļām un secinājumiem. Darbā iekļautas 5 tabulas, 10 attēli, 70 izmantotās literatūras avoti un 20 pielikumi. Atslēgas vārdi: otrās klases skolēni, īsie un garie patskaņi, fonemātiskie traucējumi un fonemātiskā uztvere.The theme of the diploma paper – Differentiation of short and long vowels by 2nd grade students with phonemic disorders. Author – Gita Linde. Advisor – Mg.paed. Ilze Vilka. The diploma paper is written with the purpose to find out and to create such exercises that would promote the differentiation of short and long vowels by 2nd grade students with phonemic disorders. This is an actual problem in schools nowadays. Based on the ideas of different authors about 2nd grade students’ development and their phonemic perception, author concludes that students’ speech is connected to perception and thinking, as well as to their social wellbeing. Empirical part reveals a research about 2nd grade students with phonemic disorders. Author developed the criteria for the testing of phonemic perception and made both beginning and final tests. After corrective and developing activities author repeated the test of phonemic perception for 2nd grade students and the results show that students have progress. The results of the research were summarized and the conclusions about it drawn. The paper consists of an introduction, three chapters and their subdivisions and some conclusions. There are 5 tables, 10 pictures, 70 sources of literature and 20 addendums included in this diploma paper. Key words: second grade students, short and long vowels, phonemic disorder and phonemic perceptio
Model Membrane System to Determine Water Permeability of Linde Type A Zeolite
No full textabstract: In this research, construction of a model membrane system using Polyvinylidene Chloride-Co Acrylonitrile and Linde Type A zeolites is described. The systems aims to separate out flow through zeolite pores and flow through interfaces between zeolites and polymers through the use of pore filled and pore open zeolites. Permeation tests and salt rejection tests were performed, and the data analyzed to yield approximation of separated flow through zeolites and interfaces. This work concludes the more work is required to bring the model system into a functioning state. New polymer selections and new techniques to produce the membrane system are described for future work
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