1,720,962 research outputs found
Artificial Intelligence, Mathematical Modeling and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Precision Medicine in Neurology and Neuroradiology
Get PDFLa tesi affronta la possibilità di utilizzare metodi matematici, tecniche di simulazione, teorie
fisiche riadattate e algoritmi di intelligenza artificiale per soddisfare le esigenze cliniche in
neuroradiologia e neurologia al fine di descrivere e prevedere i patterns e l’evoluzione
temporale di una malattia, nonché di supportare il processo decisionale clinico.
La tesi è suddivisa in tre parti.
La prima parte riguarda lo sviluppo di un workflow radiomico combinato con algoritmi di
Machine Learning al fine di prevedere parametri che favoriscono la descrizione quantitativa
dei cambiamenti anatomici e del coinvolgimento muscolare nei disordini neuromuscolari, con
particolare attenzione alla distrofia facioscapolo-omerale.
Il workflow proposto si basa su sequenze di risonanza magnetica convenzionali disponibili
nella maggior parte dei centri neuromuscolari e, dunque, può essere utilizzato come
strumento non invasivo per monitorare anche i più piccoli cambiamenti nei disturbi
neuromuscolari oltre che per la valutazione della progressione della malattia nel tempo.
La seconda parte riguarda l’utilizzo di un modello cinetico per descrivere la crescita tumorale
basato sugli strumenti della meccanica statistica per sistemi multi-agente e che tiene in
considerazione gli effetti delle incertezze cliniche legate alla variabilità della progressione
tumorale nei diversi pazienti. L'azione dei protocolli terapeutici è modellata come controllo
che agisce a livello microscopico modificando la natura della distribuzione risultante. Viene
mostrato come lo scenario controllato permetta di smorzare le incertezze associate alla
variabilità della dinamica tumorale. Inoltre, sono stati introdotti metodi di simulazione
numerica basati sulla formulazione stochastic Galerkin del modello cinetico sviluppato.
La terza parte si riferisce ad un progetto ancora in corso che tenta di descrivere una
porzione di cervello attraverso la teoria quantistica dei campi e di simularne il
comportamento attraverso l'implementazione di una rete neurale con una funzione di
attivazione costruita ad hoc e che simula la funzione di risposta del modello biologico
neuronale. E’ stato ottenuto che, nelle condizioni studiate, l'attività della porzione di cervello
può essere descritta fino a O(6), i.e, considerando l’interazione fino a sei campi, come un
processo gaussiano. Il framework quantistico definito può essere esteso anche al caso di un
processo non gaussiano, ovvero al caso di una teoria di campo quantistico interagente
utilizzando l’approccio della teoria wilsoniana di campo efficace.The thesis addresses the possibility of using mathematical methods, simulation techniques,
repurposed physical theories and artificial intelligence algorithms to fulfill clinical needs in
neuroradiology and neurology. The aim is to describe and to predict disease patterns and its
evolution over time as well as to support clinical decision-making processes.
The thesis is divided into three parts.
Part 1 is related to the development of a Radiomic workflow combined with Machine
Learning algorithms in order to predict parameters that quantify muscular anatomical
involvement in neuromuscular diseases, with special focus on Facioscapulohumeral
dystrophy. The proposed workflow relies on conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
sequences available in most neuromuscular centers and it can be used as a non-invasive
tool to monitor even fine change in neuromuscular disorders and to evaluate longitudinal
diseases’ progression over time.
Part 2 is about the description of a kinetic model for tumor growth by means of classical tools
of statistical mechanics for many-agent systems also taking into account the effects of
clinical uncertainties related to patients’ variability in tumor progression.
The action of therapeutic protocols is modeled as feedback control at the microscopic level.
The controlled scenario allows the dumping of uncertainties associated with the variability in
tumors’ dynamics. Suitable numerical methods, based on Stochastic Galerkin formulation of
the derived kinetic model, are introduced.
Part 3 refers to a still-on going project that attempts to describe a brain portion through a
quantum field theory and to simulate its behavior through the implementation of a neural
network with an ad-hoc activation function mimicking the biological neuron model response
function. Under considered conditions, the brain portion activity can be expressed up to
O(6), i.e., up to six fields interaction, as a Gaussian Process. The defined quantum field
framework may also be extended to the case of a Non-Gaussian Process behavior, or rather
to an interacting quantum field theory in a Wilsonian Effective Field theory approach
From futuristic center to lifeless periphery: Tokyo in three dystopian narratives from post-Fukushima Japan
Get PDFReflections on the collective traumas that have shaped Japan’s more recent history (primarily the triple disaster of Fukushima) have ignited a new boom in dystopian productions that have achieved an unprecedented success. These narratives explore themes that deal with the erosion of the ecosystem in which humans live – but also of the human body itself. However, it is not only human beings who play a part in some of these dystopias: the city of Tokyo also plays a key role within them. The purpose of this paper is to explore this peculiar role of Tokyo in three selected case studies: namely, Adou (2021-) by Amano Jaku, Soundtrack (2003) by Furukawa Hideo, and The Emissary (2013) by Tawada Yōko. Destroyed and rebuilt in multiple media productions over the last seventy years and at the center of psychedelic futuristic visions, Tokyo becomes either a swarming center of human life or an abandoned wasteland, an urban skeleton that stands as a reminder of the impending or preceding catastrophe, forcing the reader to think about the actual future of our urban spaces – and whether it will include us humans or not
Un lungo racconto (2011-2016), manoscritto di Vincenzo Sozzo nel dialetto di San Pietro Vernotico
Get PDFEnThis paper gives an essay of an unpublished book written in the dialect of San Pietro Vernotico (Brindisi, Southern Italy) by the author's grandfather. Only the first chapter of a legendary description of the town is reproduced and translated in Italian with a few linguistic comments.ItL'articolo offre un saggio del contenuto di un testo inedito nel dialetto di San Pietro Vernotico scritto da Vincenzo Sozzo, nonno dell'autrice. Si riproducee qui soltanto il primo capitolo di una descrizione della leggendaria fondazione della città, corredandolo di una traduzione in italiano e di alcuni commenti linguistici
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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