1,721,260 research outputs found
Compromiso social, extensión y reforma universitaria: hacia una praxis transformadora
No full textPara la Extensión Universitaria, una de las misiones sustanciales que definen a las Universidades Públicas, la Reforma Universitaria se inscribe como un hecho histórico y fundacional con epicentro en la Argentina, pero con raíces profundas en Latinoamérica y con repercusiones en otras partes del Mundo.Fil: Colacci, Romina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina.Fil: Huergo, María Consuelo. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina
Is the extrapolation of carcinogenicity results from animals to humans always feasible?
No full textThe extrapolation of carcinogenicity data obtained in animals to humans is not always feasible due to various factors recently evidenced. Among these factors, comparative toxicokinetic, toxicogenomic and genetic susceptibility approaches have more and more importance also in classification of carcinogenic potential of chemicals to humans (either proven, probable, possible carcinogens for humans or no safety concern for humans).
This is the base to perform a quantitative cancer risk assessment whose results could even be null when the only tumors observed in small rodents are really sex/strain/species-specific tumors.
It would be desirable that companies allow sharing of the main information about the environmental and health effects of their patent molecules. In such a way the confidentiality will be skipped at least for these relevant information on new (and better) molecules
Exocrine gastric secretion and gastritis: pathophysiological and clinical relationships.
No full textGastric exocrine secretion, both acid and non-acid, is required for micronutrients absorption, such as iron, calcium and vitamin B12, drugs absorption, protein digestion. Clinical presentation of a gastric secretion impairment might be then characterized by the presence of both gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal specific symptoms (i.e. anemia) or to a non-response to therapies. The main factor that impairs gastric exocrine secretion homeostasis is mucosal chronic inflammation that principally occurs after colonization by Helicobacter pylori (Hp). The extent and distribution of gastritis ultimately determine the clinical outcome linked to differences in gastric acid secretion status, the involvement of gastric body leading to a decrease in gastric exocrine secretion with possible progression to mucosal atrophy towards cancer. A correct clinical strategy in the management of Hp infected patients should be then to early identify body involvement, a diagnosis generally missed in that body biopsies are not routinely performed. The use of gastric serological markers, gastrin and pepsinogens, are helpful in suspecting the presence of mucosal atrophy but their diagnostic accuracy for non-atrophic chronic gastritis topography is not adequate despite a good specificity due to the low sensitivity, of all the available biomarkers. Gastric serology associated to anemia/iron-deficiency screening might nevertheless been helpful in the framing of patients that undergo endoscopy in order to highlight the need of extensive mucosal biopsies sampling
Addressing Immune Response Dysfunction in an Integrated Approach for Testing and Assessment for Non-Genotoxic Carcinogens in Humans: A Targeted Analysis
No full textMost known chemical carcinogens induce the direct activation of DNA damage, either directly or following metabolic activation. However, carcinogens do not always operate directly through genotoxic mechanisms but can do so via non-genotoxic carcinogenic (NGTxC) mechanisms. Immune dysfunction is one of these key events that NGTxCs have been shown to modify. The immune system is a first line of defence against transformed cells, with an innate immune response against cancer cells and mechanisms of immune evasion. Here, we review the key events of immune dysfunction. These include immunotoxicity, immune evasion, immune suppression and inflammatory-mediated immune responses, and the key players in the molecular disruption of immune anti-cancer molecular signalling pathways, particularly those mediated by cytokines and the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor, in relation to the identification of NGTxC. The plasticity of cytokines towards functional flexibility in response to environmental stressors is also discussed from an evolutionary heritage perspective. This is combined with a critical assessment of the suitability for the regulatory application of currently available test method tools and is corroborated by the key biomarkers of, e.g., MAPK, mTOR, PD-L1, TIL and Tregs, CD8+, FoxP3+, WNT, IL-17, IL-11, IL-10, and TNF alpha, as identified from robust cancer biopsy studies. Finally, an understanding of how to address these endpoints for chemical hazard regulatory purposes, within an integrated approach to testing and assessment for NGTxC, is proposed
Differential equations and cellular automata models of the growth of cell cultures and transformation foci
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Olfactory Preferences of Sitophilus zeamais to Cereal- and Legume-Based Pasta
No full textWe compared the attractiveness of five commercially available Italian macaroni pastas of different shapes (penne, casarecce, and fusilli) made from cereals and/or legumes [100% Triticum durum; 100% Cicer arietinum; 100% Lens esculenta; 50% Triticum durum + 50% Cicer arietinum; 60% Triticum durum + 40% Lens esculenta] to adults of Sitophilus zeamais (L.). A multiple-choice walking bioassay showed that S. zeamais adults were more attracted to cereal than legume pastas. The modified Flit-Track M-2 trap devices baited with pasta made with 100% T. durum captured an average of 61.4% of the adults released into the olfactometric arena after 7 days. Of the insects tested, pasta made with 100% C. arietinum trapped 3.8%, pasta made with 100% L. esculenta trapped 2.7%, pasta made with 50% T. durum + 50% C. arietinum trapped 4.3%, and pasta made with 60% T. durum + 40% L. esculenta trapped 4.2%. When individually compared, 79.6% of S. zeamais adults chose the Triticum durum pasta. Orientation to 100% Cicer pasta or 100% Lens pasta was not observed. In the choice test, only 37% and 25% were attracted to Triticum and Cicer pastas or Triticum and Lens pasta, respectively. Our results confirm that the low attractiveness of legume pasta is mainly due to the lack of attractant stimuli rather than the emission of repellent compounds. From a practical perspective, it is also interesting to note how mixed pasta decreases the risk of S. zeamais infestation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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