1,720,959 research outputs found
The Word of Science: Popularising Darwinism in Romania, 1859-1918
Full text linkThis dissertation explores the popularisation of Charles Darwin’s evolutionary theory in
Romania from 1859 to 1918. Placing Darwinism in the Romanian context is important in several
ways, as not only gives a picture of the interconnectedness between the political and the
scientific construction of knowledge, but also reveals how cultural hegemony was formed in the
European periphery. The research traces the multidirectionality of scientific ideas, highlighting
its top-down and bottom up character. It focuses on the social staging of Darwinism, materially
and culturally (in printed texts and institutions), politically (in ideological contests and
outcomes), and scientifically (in epistemological negotiations). Finally, it explores the
relationship between these historical agents.
Special attention is given to science popularisation journals, pamphlets, manuals of natural
history and museum artefacts in Romania, which addressed the evolutionary theory and its role
for the adoption of the biological perspective in studies of ecology. To this end, the dissertation
provides a detailed analysis of the social context in which scientific institutions and associations
operated, exploring how Romanian naturalists acquired scientific authority, while deciding
which scientific theories circulated in the public sphere. At the same time, the dissertation
highlights how Darwinism was intertwined with ideas of racial, social and gender inequalities.
Drawing on relevant comparisons with other countries, it reveals the development of a
scientific public in Romania at the end of the nineteenth century, and the role played by
popular knowledge and counterpublics in scientific debates
Zustandsabhängiges ladungsgesteuertes Treiberschema - SQC - : eine leistungsoptimierte Technologie für PMOLED-Displays
No full textDue to their layered structure and small inter-layer distances, passive-matrix OLED displays exhibit large pixel capacitances which cumulate within a column affecting each addressed pixel. Conventional driving schemes discharge them during each addressing sequence and thus waste energy. This work presents a novel concept that reuses this capacitively stored charge. Natural discharge is considered and the variable anode states before and after the pixel addressing sequence are predicted. Dissipative discharge is almost entirely avoided. The driving scheme is validated by discrete demonstrators. Still grey-scale images are accurately reproduced, the power saving is 58% for natural images, and 43% for graphics. For larger, thinner displays, this rate is expected to be higher. SQC is thus an enabling technology for a larger scale deployment of passive-matrix OLED displays.Durch ihre mehrlagige Struktur bei geringen Schichtabständen weisen Passivmatrix-OLED-Displays hohe Pixelkapazitäten auf, die in einer Spalte kumulieren und jeden adressierten Pixel belasten. Einfache Treiberschemas entladen diese bei jeder Adressierung und vergeuden dabei Energie. Diese Arbeit stellt ein neues Konzept vor, das diese kapazitive Ladung wiederverwertet. Selbstentladung wird berücksichtigt und die variablen Anodenzustände vor und nach der Pixeladressierung werden vorausberechnet. Dissipatives Entladen wird fast vollständig vermieden. Das Treiberschema wird mittels diskreten Demonstratoren validiert. Graubilder werden präzise abgebildet, die Leistungseinsparung beträgt 58% für Bilder und 43% für Grafiken. Für größere und dünnere Displays wird eine höhere Einsparung erwartet. SQC ist daher eine technologische Voraussetzung für die Massenverbreitung von PMOLED-Displays
State-dependent charge-controlled driving scheme - SQC - : a power saving technology for PMOLED displays
Full text linkDue to their layered structure and small inter-layer distances, passive-matrix OLED displays exhibit large pixel capacitances which cumulate within a column affecting each addressed pixel. Conventional driving schemes discharge them during each addressing sequence and thus waste energy. This work presents a novel concept that reuses this capacitively stored charge. Natural discharge is considered and the variable anode states before and after the pixel addressing sequence are predicted. Dissipative discharge is almost entirely avoided. The driving scheme is validated by discrete demonstrators. Still grey-scale images are accurately reproduced, the power saving is 58% for natural images, and 43% for graphics. For larger, thinner displays, this rate is expected to be higher. SQC is thus an enabling technology for a larger scale deployment of passive-matrix OLED displays.Durch ihre mehrlagige Struktur bei geringen Schichtabständen weisen Passivmatrix-OLED-Displays hohe Pixelkapazitäten auf, die in einer Spalte kumulieren und jeden adressierten Pixel belasten. Einfache Treiberschemas entladen diese bei jeder Adressierung und vergeuden dabei Energie. Diese Arbeit stellt ein neues Konzept vor, das diese kapazitive Ladung wiederverwertet. Selbstentladung wird berücksichtigt und die variablen Anodenzustände vor und nach der Pixeladressierung werden vorausberechnet. Dissipatives Entladen wird fast vollständig vermieden. Das Treiberschema wird mittels diskreten Demonstratoren validiert. Graubilder werden präzise abgebildet, die Leistungseinsparung beträgt 58% für Bilder und 43% für Grafiken. Für größere und dünnere Displays wird eine höhere Einsparung erwartet. SQC ist daher eine technologische Voraussetzung für die Massenverbreitung von PMOLED-Displays
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Inventing the Social in Romania, 1848-1914: Networks and Laboratories of Knowledge. By Călin Cotoi. Leiden: Brill, Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, 2020. 278 pp.
Full text linkDispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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