1,721,026 research outputs found
Los microorganismos desde una perspectiva de los beneficios para la salud
Full text linkLos microorganismos colonizan gran parte de la superficie del cuerpo humano que se encuentra en contacto directo con el medio externo, pero también superficies internas. El ecosistema intestinal es un complejo ambiente en el que se producen interacciones dinámicas y recíprocas entre el epitelio, el sistema inmunitario y la microbiota local. Se estima que en el tracto gastrointestinal coexisten, en un delicado equilibrio, entre 500 y 1000 especies de microorganismos. Estos pueden conformar la microbiota local o ser microorganismos de tránsito, como aquellos que ingresan con los alimentos. El tubo digestivo es colonizado por bacterias a partir del nacimiento. El estómago y la primera porción del intestino no son sitios ideales para el establecimiento de bacterias comensales debido a los rangos de pH y la presencia de enzimas digestivas, por lo que el intestino grueso es el sitio más colonizado del tracto gastrointestinal. La composición de la microbiota intestinal varía a lo largo de la vida y con las condiciones nutricionales y fisiológicas del hospedador. El sistema inmunitario intestinal madura a medida que se establecen los agentes que constituyen la microbiota. Los microorganismos de los géneros Enterococcus, Lactobacillus y Clostridium son colonizadores tempranos; con posterioridad se instalan Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus y distintos miembros de la familia Enterobacteriaceae, entre otros.Fil: del Coco, Valeria Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Departamento de Articulación de Ciencias Básicas y Clínicas. Cátedra de Microbiología y Parasitología; Argentin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Shock Waves in the Treatment of Post-Traumatic Myositis Ossificans
No full textMyositis ossificans (MO) is a fairly common evolution in sports activity and can be due to direct trauma or to repeated micro-injuries. The traditional therapeutic approach relies on a variety of treatments, such as physical therapy but evidence of their proven clinical efficacy is lacking. The latest therapeutic option is surgical removal but this is a demolitive procedure and is frequently associated with a significant loss of functional integrity. There are few articles in literature about the treatment of post-traumatic MO, and none on extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT). We illustrate a case series of 24 sportsmen treated with three sessions of electro-hydraulic shockwave therapy and an associated rehabilitation program. Only a partial reduction of the ossification was observed in the X-ray images but all the patients showed signs of functional improvement immediately after therapy. Two months after the therapy, a normal range of motion and no signs of weakness were observed. Three months after treatment, 87.5% of patients resumed regular sports activities
Psoriasis and erythema nodosum: two comorbidities of inflammatory bowel diseases
No full textExtra-intestinal manifestations are a relatively common complications of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) and skin is one of the organs most commonly affected. Cutaneous findings in IBD patients may be related to different pathogenetic mechanisms and in some cases the etiologic link has not been fully elucidated. In particular, this is the case of psoriasis and erythema nodosum, two of the most frequent skin diseases observed in IBD patients. Aim of this paper was to review the epidemiology and the possible pathogenetic mechanisms implicated in the occurrence of these two dermatosis. In particular, an association between IBD and psoriasis has been observed in several epidemiological studies: psoriasis occurs in about 1-2% of the general population, compared with 3-11% of patients with IBD. Several studies have also evaluated the prevalence of IBD in psoriatic patients, with contrasting results. A common pathogenic pathways between these two conditions seems to be sustained by the responsiveness to therapy with biological treatments, such as anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-alpha agents and ustekinumab (a monoclonal antibody against p40 subunit common to IL-12 and IL-23). On the other hand, although usually idiopathic in half of the patients, erythema nodosum has been associated with a variety of disorders and conditions and IBD accounts for 1-4% of cases
Lentigo maligna: diagnosis and treatment
No full textLentigo maligna (LM) is an in situ subtype of melanoma, clinically presenting as a pigmented, asymmetric macule that originates mostly on the head and neck and spreads slowly. The diagnosis may be challenging both for clinicians and pathologists. Dermatoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy represent a useful tool in the differentiation of LM from other pigmented lesions, such as pigmented actinic keratosis, solar lentigines, seborrheic keratosis and lichen planus-like keratosis. Moreover, those non-invasive diagnostic technique may be crucial in the selection of optimal biopsy sites in equivocal lesions, in pre-surgical mapping and in evaluating and monitoring response to non-surgical treatments. Histologic examination remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of LM, showing a lentiginous proliferation of basal atypical melanocytes on a severe sun- damaged skin. The management of LM is constantly evolving. Treatments include surgery (the first choice, when available), radiotherapy and imiquimod cream (in patients not candidates to surgery). Many other possible treatments for LM have been tested, but they are not yet supported by strong evidences. We collected current guidelines and PubMed available reviews, studies and case-reports in order to make an overview on diagnosis and treatment of LM
Use of reflectance confocal microscopy to diagnose occult basal cell carcinoma: 2 case reports
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Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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