78 research outputs found
Shareholder value creation in Japanese banking
No full textAbstractThis paper advances the study of Fiordelisi and Molyneux (2010) by examining the shareholder value efficiency and its determinants for a large sample of Japanese banks between 1999 and 2011. A new, specifically tailored measure of the Economic Value Added approach, based on the shadow price of equity, is developed in order to account for specific characteristics of the Japanese banking system. This new “shareholder value measure” is then used in a dynamic panel data model as a linear function of various bank-risk, bank-specific, and macroeconomic variables. This study finds that cost efficiency gains, credit risk and bank size are the most important factors in explaining the shareholder value creation in Japanese banking. Cost efficiency changes are also found to significantly influence cost of equity capital
The Legacy of State Repression on Contemporary Trust: Indiscriminate versus Targeted Repression in Soviet Russia
No full textIndiscriminate state repression leaves long-term negative consequences on interpersonal trust and trust in state institutions. In this paper, we investigate whether a variation in density of Soviet police forces, which governed the level ofselectivity in repression execution, lead to heterogeneity in long-term trust response to repression. Similar to other studies, we find that both horizontal trust and vertical trust are negatively associated with indiscriminate repression exposure in the past. However, our results suggest that the magnitude of the negative effect diminishes with repression executed in a more selective fashion proxied by the intensity of the perpetrator’s deployment. Surprisingly, we find that trust response might even inverse to positive in localities where the state repression had been accompanied by a perpetrator’s presence at extremely high levels, i.e., when the state could ensure highly selective repression. Overall, our findings propose that the legacy of totalitarian regimes on horizontal and vertical trust might depend on the state’s capacity to execute repression with more or less precision against perceived enemies
Szerbia államiságának kezdetei
No full textThe author describes the rising of the constitutionalism of Serbia in this paper. First he introduces the Slavic peoples and nations. The next chapters contain the history of the development of the uniform Serbian state. The author writes the political biography of the most important Serbian kings like Stefan Nemanja and Stefan Dusan "the Great". Nemanja established the state and the dynasty of the Nemanjics in the 12'h century. The golden age of the kingdom was in the middle of the le century during the rule of Stefan Dusan who became an emperor in 1346. After his death the Serbian Empire fell into pieces. The author pays attention on the legislation, the law and the jurisdiction of the state as well. Finally the Serbian Kingdom was occupied by the Turkish Empire in the 15" century
Does more (or less) lead to violence? Application of the relative deprivation hypothesis on economic inequalityinduced conflicts
No full textThis article employs the relative deprivation theory in order to explain the formation of violent conflicts
induced by an increase in economic inequality. By using the frustration-aggression hypothesis,
the author attempts to illustrate how the rise in inequality, caused by changed economic structure,
can be transformed into violence, often accompanied by material and human casualties. In addition
to the theoretical framework, the article relies on empirical studies carried out by using relative deprivation
as a starting point. Finally, the author observes indications that inequality-induced conflicts
could soon take place in developed and developing countries, which is why new models of development
and economic policies must be implemented and thus used as conflict-preventing mechanisms
Has God returned to Europe? The effect of different types of religiosity on European identity
No full textA thesis still present in Western civilization, primarily in Europe, is the thesis
of secularization. Nevertheless, according to many studies, regardless of secularization processes, religion is an important factor in individual identities.
This paper examines the relationship between European identity and religiosity. The author used empirical data from the 2017 European Values Study to
demonstrate the predictability of different types of religiosity on primordial-type European identity at the individual level. Regarding religiosity, the author tested three categories of religiosity types and their individual effect. For
this purpose, multilevel modeling was used. The findings show that religiosity
is a strong predictor of primordial-type European identity among individuals
from across Europe. Significant differences exist between the predictability of
different types of religiosity, with belief in God and very rare praying being the
most significant
Pictures “In The Wild”: Uncovering Privacy Concerns for Situated Snapshots
No full textNetworked public displays offer new ways of communication between members of place-based communities. For example, they allow for taking situated snapshots, i.e., photos taken through a display-attached camera, and viewing them on a display network or (potentially) somewhere on the web. This paper discusses some of the preliminary privacy considerations arising from the use of such media: communicating where the publicly taken situated snapshots are stored, where they appear, that no surveliance is taking place, content control for situated snapshots, where (in what place) and how interactions happening on the web will appear on a display network. The paper shows privacy perception towards situated snapshots and also informs the design of similar future networked public display systems. Author Keywords Situated snapshots; urban screens; privacy
Water supply and demand management in the Galápagos: A case study of Santa Cruz Island
No full textWater resources in tourist islands have been severely threatened, especially in the Galápagos Islands, where the increased local population has generated attractive income from the tourist services. In addition, the data regarding water supply and demand are scarce. This study investigates water supply and demand in Santa Cruz, the most populated island of Galápagos. The research encompasses a thorough assessment of the water supply crisis, as well as the quantification of water demand from different categories (domestic, tourist, restaurants and laundries) through surveys, in the absence of water metering. Also, specific water demand was assessed by installing 18 water meters. The results yield a wide range of water consumption, questioning the current assumption of water scarcity. Furthermore, a prognosis of water supply and demand was carried out, and also several intervention strategies were proposed such as rainwater harvesting, greywater recycling, leakage reduction, water meter installation, water demand reduction, as well as seawater desalination to cope with the future population growth. Due to the fragility of the ecosystem, these strategies were assessed through a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, considering environmental, technical, economic and social aspects, as well as relevant stakeholders’ perspectives. finally, the water supply network of Puerto Ayora was evaluated in order to understand the need of the current intermittent supply regime. A methodology was developed to estimate the overflow of the domestic roof tanks (a common incidence amongst local population). The results question the practicality of individual household storage. The final results show that the current situation in terms of the lack of water quantity may not be real, as it has been thought for the last decades. The water issues refer more importantly to the water quality, as well as to the lack of proper water management practices
Latin America and the Nobel peace prize: in search of regional peace
No full textPrikaz biografija šest latinoameričkih laureata Nobelove nagrade za mir autor kontekstualizuje s obzirom na kolonijalnu prošlost kontinenta i političke transformacije u sadašnjosti. Autor pokazuje da su pojedine nagrade dodeljene u skladu sa odredbama Nobelovog testamenta (za doprinos razoružanju, posredo- vanje u okončanju sukoba), dok su druge proizašle iz širih tumačenja dimenzije mira od strane članova Nobelovog komiteta (ljudska prava, prava starosedelaca). Autor je ukazao na kontroverze vezane za pojedine kandidate, ali i za sam No- belov komitet, tj. njegove propuste da nagradi mnogo veći broj latinoameričkih državnika, aktivista, socijalnih pokreta koji su zaslužili da se njihov doprinos miru, regionalnom i globalnom, uvaži. Zbog toga autor zaključuje da je ovaj region imao marginalan status u istoriji nagrađivanja, koji se delom može objasniti i spoljnopolitičkim interesima Norveške, i da se Nobelova nagrada ne može tretirati kao univerzalni kriterijum za ocenjivanja doprinosa miru.The author gives an overview of the biographies of six Latin American
laureats of the Nobel Peace Prize contextualizing them in the colonial past and
present politcal transformation. The author shows that some prizes were given
in accordance with the provisions of the Noble testament (for contributions
to disarmament, bringing conflicts to an end through mediation), while others were the result of a broader interpretations of dimensions of peace by the
members of the Nobel Committee (human rights, the rights of indigenous people). Controversies related to some laureats, are pointed out, as are controversies related to the Nobel Committe itself, i.e. its failure to award a much larger
number of Latin American statesman, activists, social movements who’s contribution to peace, regional and globel, deserved respect. For this reason, the author concluded that Latin America has a marginal status in the history of Nobel
peace prize awards, which in part can be explained by the foreign policy interest
of Norway. Thus, the Nobel Peace Prize can not be treated as a universal criteria
for evaluating contributions to peace
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