1,720,977 research outputs found
The association between gout and psychological co-morbidity: results from a prospective cohort study
Get PDFGout is associated with an increased risk of both physical-health co-morbidities and a reduction in physical health-related quality of life. However, the association between gout and psychological comorbidity (depression and anxiety) has received little attention. A systematic review of the existing knowledge between gout and psychological co-morbidity was conducted. Then, a secondary analysis of a five-year prospective cohort study was performed to determine the prevalence, incidence, and gout characteristics associated with psychological co-morbidity. The systematic review included 15 articles: all examined depression, whereas seven reported on anxiety, in people with gout. The prevalence of depression (11.8 to 49.4%), and anxiety (5.3 to 22.9%) was common. Depression incidence varied (3.13 to 25.50 per 1000 person-years), whereas anxiety incidence was 15.2 per 1000 person-years. Greater flare frequency, and having more joints affected were associated with psychological co-morbidity. The secondary analysis comprised 1184 baseline responders with gout, 411 by five years. The prevalence of depression and anxiety peaked at 12.6% and 10.0%, respectively. Over five years, one in twelve developed new-onset anxiety, and one in eleven developed new-onset depression. A baseline history of oligo- or poly-articular gout flares were associated with developing anxiety (OR 2.31, 95% CI: 1.26 to 4.23). However, flare frequency, gout duration, or allopurinol use were not. Allopurinol use at baseline was associated with developing depression (OR 1.93, 95% CI: 1.01 to 3.69). However, flare frequency, gout duration, or oligo- or poly-articular gout were not. Psychological co-morbidity is common in people living with gout; clinicians should be aware of this mental health need and the characteristics identified associated with increased risk of psychological co-morbidity to focus surveillance and maximise holistic care. Further studies into gout and psychological co-morbidity (particularly of prospective design and featuring anxiety) are recommended to further strengthen and elucidate these findings
Multisite pain and self-reported falls in older people:Systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDF Background: Multisite pain and falls are common in older people, and isolated studies have identified multisite pain as a potential falls risk factor. This study aims to synthesise published literature to further explore the relationship between multisite pain and falls and to quantify associated risks. Methods: Bibliographic databases were searched from inception to December 2017. Studies of community-dwelling adults aged 50 years and older with a multisite pain measurement and a falls outcome were included. Two reviewers screened articles, undertook quality assessment and extracted data. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the effect estimate (odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI)). Heterogeneity was assessed by I 2 ; sensitivity analyses used adjusted risk estimates and exclusively longitudinal studies. Results: The search identified 49,577 articles, 3145 underwent abstract review, 22 articles were included in the systematic review and 18 were included in the meta-analysis. The unadjusted pooled OR of 1.82 (95%CI 1.55-2.13), demonstrating that those reporting multisite pain are at increased risk of falls, is supported by the adjusted pooled OR of 1.56 (95%CI 1.39-1.74). Multisite pain predicts future falls risk (OR = 1.74 (95%CI 1.57-1.93)). For high-quality studies, those reporting multisite pain have double the odds of a future fall compared to their pain-free counterparts. Conclusion: Multisite pain is associated with an increased future falls risk in community-dwelling older people. Increasing public awareness of multisite pain as a falls risk factor and advising health and social care professionals to identify older people with multisite pain to signpost accordingly will enable timely falls prevention strategies to be implemented. </p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Risk of incident vascular disease in patients with gout: an observational study in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Get PDFGout is the most prevalent inflammatory arthritis, predominantly managed in primary care. Both hyperuricaemia (the biochemical precursor to gout) and other inflammatory arthritides, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, have been shown to increase risk of vascular disease. This thesis aims to investigate the risk of incident cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular disease in primary care gout patients.\ud
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A systematic review identified 17 studies investigating gout and vascular diseases. Meta-analysis showed increased mortality from all cardiovascular and coronary heart disease. Increased incidence of, but not mortality from myocardial infarction was found. Few studies investigated the association between gout and cerebrovascular or peripheral vascular disease.\ud
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A retrospective cohort study used data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink to examine the risk of incident cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular disease in 8386 gout patients and 39766 age-, gender- and practice-matched controls, in the ten years following diagnosis of gout (or matched date) using Cox proportional hazards and multilevel discrete-time event history analysis. Risk was also investigated by gender and with follow-up limited to one, two and five years. The effect of exposure to drugs used to treat both gout and vascular risk factors on the magnitude of risk was examined using a cohort and nested case-control study design. \ud
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The strongest association identified was between gout and peripheral vascular disease. Women with gout had the greatest excess vascular risk and experienced a wider range of vascular events. Exposure to drugs used to manage vascular risk factors was associated with increased likelihood of a vascular event, but use of gout treatments such as allopurinol did not influence incident vascular risk.\ud
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This suggests that gout patients, particularly women, should have screening for and aggressive management of vascular risk factors, although as conventional approaches may be insufficient, further research is required to establish the optimum risk reduction strategy
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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