132,023 research outputs found
Hautes Vallées Alpinesau risque de leur “ré-enclavement”. Une analyse à partir des témoignages des acteurs de l’animation socialeet culturelle du Guillestrois-Queyras
No full textInternational audienceTraduction Française de: Claeys et al. 2019, Le Alte Valli Alpine e il rischio di ritorno all’isolamento. Un’analisi basata sulle testimonianze degli attori dell’animazione sociale e culturale del Guillestrois-Queyras, in Federico Zamengo (dir), Senso e prospettive del lavoro di comunità. Sguardi interdisciplinari attraverso le voci del territorio,Milano, FrancoAngeli, pp. 137-162
Hautes Vallées Alpinesau risque de leur “ré-enclavement”. Une analyse à partir des témoignages des acteurs de l’animation socialeet culturelle du Guillestrois-Queyras
No full textInternational audienceTraduction Française de: Claeys et al. 2019, Le Alte Valli Alpine e il rischio di ritorno all’isolamento. Un’analisi basata sulle testimonianze degli attori dell’animazione sociale e culturale del Guillestrois-Queyras, in Federico Zamengo (dir), Senso e prospettive del lavoro di comunità. Sguardi interdisciplinari attraverso le voci del territorio,Milano, FrancoAngeli, pp. 137-162
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Fertilization: trade-offs between manure abatement and plant productivity
No full textIn 2005, 30% of the Flemish farms faced a manure excess, while at aggregated level still 9.7% of the emission rights were unused. This means that, despite the various possibilities, Flemish farmers do not succeed in an effective exchange of manure between farms. In current paper is shown how inorganic fertilizer use influences the use and exchange of organic nitrogen. Because of the mutual interdependency between organic and inorganic nitrogen emission rights (or quota), inorganic nitrogen use limits the emission rights for organic nitrogen. Utilisation of these emission rights are analysed as a trade-offs choice between plant productivity (use of inorganic nitrogen) and manure disposal, as the major abatement alternative of manure production. Farmers still prefer inorganic fertilizers because of their effect on plant productivity and income. However, by changing the quota rent of organic nitrogen, the fertilization behaviour can be influenced. A higher quota rent of organic nitrogen would increase the use of manure. This trade-off behaviour seriously influences effectiveness of policies. When the objective is to lower the total nitrogen use, a mere reduction of organic quota can partially be counteracted by a higher inorganic nitrogen use. When the objective is to better spread the manure, increasing the quota rent for deficit farms will increase their acceptance of manure.manure abatement, nutrient emission rights, Tobit model, Crop Production/Industries,
The organizational voice : the role of vocal cues in times of crisis
No full textEvery organization is vulnerable to crises, which are unexpected events that have a large impact on an organization's operations, and which have negative consequences for the organization (Coombs, 2015). One of the most important consequences of a crisis is reputation damage (Avery, Lariscy, Kim, & Hocke, 2010). In order to limit the negative consequences of a crisis, crisis communication is crucial, because research has shown that crisis communication influences the perception of the crisis and the organization (Coombs, 2007). Most research on the impact of crisis communication has focused on the content of crisis communication, such as the impact of crisis response strategies on organizational reputation (Avery et al., 2010; Kim, Avery, & Lariscy, 2011).
However, people often receive news about organizations through audiovisual media, such as television or videos on the internet (Coombs & Holladay, 2009; Veil, Buehner, & Palenchar, 2011). Moreover, organizations increasingly use social media for crisis communication, which often contain video messages (Schultz, Utz, & Göritz, 2011; Utz, Schultz, & Glocka, 2013). Those audiovisual messages contain not only verbal cues, but also nonverbal cues (e.g., voice pitch, hand gestures) (Coombs & Holladay, 2009). Research from social psychology and interpersonal communication has repeatedly shown that nonverbal cues affects the perception of a speaker and the attitudes and behavior of a listener (e.g., Tigue, Borak, O'Connor, Schandl, & Feinberg, 2012).
Despite this potential importance of nonverbal communication for spokespersons in times of crisis, nonverbal cues have received little attention in the context of crisis communication. A few studies have examined the effects of visual cues in crisis communication, such as a spokesperson's race, facial features, or the use of powerful gestures (e.g., Claeys & Cauberghe, 2014; Gorn, Jiang, & Johar, 2008; Hong & Len-Riós, 2015). Research on vocal cues in crisis communication is limited to one study that examined the impact of one vocal cue (voice pitch) on the perceptions of a spokesperson (Claeys & Cauberghe, 2014). This study showed that a spokesperson's voice indeed has an impact on the perception of a spokesperson in times of crisis.
However, research on the impact of voice pitch on the evaluation of an organization and on consumers' behavioral intentions is nonexistent. Moreover, social psychology research indicates that several other cues (e.g., speech rate) have effects that could be relevant in crisis communication as well (e.g., credibility) (cf. Peterson, Cannito, & Brown, 1995). Also, the voice plays an important role in conveying emotions (Murray & Arnott, 1993). Researchers have recognized the importance of emotions in crisis communication (Claeys, Cauberghe, & Leysen, 2013; van der Meer & Verhoeven, 2014), but the impact of emotions in the voice has not been addressed. Furthermore, in audiovisual crisis communication, visual and vocal cues occur simultaneously, but their interaction has also not been addressed in crisis communication research.
Therefore, this research project wants to thoroughly examine the impact of the voice in crisis communication, in order to provide insights into how managers and spokespersons can use their voice effectively in times of crisis.
Avery, E. J., Lariscy, R. W., Kim, S., & Hocke, T. (2010). A quantitative review of crisis communication research in public relations from 1991 to 2009. Public Relations Review, 36(2), 190-192.
Claeys, A. S., & Cauberghe, V. (2014). Keeping control: The importance of nonverbal expressions of power by organizational spokespersons in times of crisis. Journal of Communication, 64(6), 1160-1180.
Claeys, A.-S., Cauberghe, V., & Leysen, J. (2013). Implications of stealing thunder for the impact of expressing emotions in organizational crisis communication. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 41(3), 293-308.
Coombs, W. T. (2007). Protecting organization reputations during a crisis: the development and application of situational crisis communication theory. Corporate Reputation Review, 10(3), 163-176.
Coombs, W. T. (2015). Ongoing crisis communication: planning, managing, and responding. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE.
Coombs, W. T., & Holladay, S. J. (2009). Further explorations of post-crisis communication: Effects of media and response strategies on perceptions and intentions. Public Relations Review, 35(1), 1-6.
Gorn, G., Jiang, Y., & Johar, G. V. (2008). Babyfaces, trait inferences, and company evaluations in a public relations crisis. Journal of Consumer Research, 35(1), 36-49.
Hong, S., & Len-Riós, M. E. (2015). Does race matter? Implicit and explicit measures of the effect of the PR spokesman's race on evaluations of spokesman source credibility and perceptions of a PR crisis' severity. Journal of Public Relations Research, 27(1), 63-80.
Kim, S., Avery, E. J., & Lariscy, R. W. (2009). Are crisis communicators practicing what we preach? An evaluation of crisis response strategy analyzed in public relations research from 1991 to 2009. Public Relations Review, 35(4), 446-448.
Murray, I. R., & Arnott, J. L. (1993). Toward the simulation of emotion in synthetic speech: A review of the literature on human vocal emotion. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 93(2), 1097-1108. doi:10.1121/1.405558
Peterson, R. A., Cannito, M. P., & Brown, S.P. (1995). An exploratory investigation of voice characteristics and selling effectiveness. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 15(1), 1-15.
Schultz, F., Utz, S., & Göritz, A. (2011). Is the medium the message? Perceptions of and reactions to crisis communication via twitter, blogs and traditional media. Public Relations Review, 37(1), 20-27.
Tigue, C. C., Borak, D. J., O'Connor, J. J. M., Schandl, C., & Feinberg, D. R. (2012). Voice pitch influences voting behavior. Evolution and Human Behavior, 33(3), 210-216.
Utz, S., Schultz, F., & Glocka, S. (2013). Crisis communication online: How medium, crisis type and emotions affected public reactions in the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. Public Relations Review, 39(1), 40-46.
Van der Meer, T. G. L. A., & Verhoeven, J. W. M. (2014). Emotional crisis communication. Public Relations Review, 40(3), 526-536.
Veil, S. R., Buehner, T., & Palenchar, M. J. (2011). A work-in-process literature review : Incorporating social media in risk and crisis communication. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 19(2), 110-122.status: Publishe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
<i>Syrticola mediterraneus</i> n. sp., a harpacticoid copepod from the Bay of Calvi, Corsica
No full textSyrticola mediterraneus n. sp. belonging to the family Cylindropsyllidae Sars (sensu Lang, 1948) is described from the Bay of Calvi (Corsica). The species is closely related to (?) Notopontia galapagoensis Mielke, 1982 and Syrticola flandricus Willems & Claeys, 1982. The former species is now transferred to the genus Syrticola as Syrticola galapagoensis n. comb
If you want me to stay, pay
No full textDevolution of political power is constantly on the political agenda in both Italy and Spain. Fiscal policy in these countries has granted specific privileges to some regions. Valle d’Aosta/Vallée d’Aoste (VdA) and País Vasco/Euskadi (PV) have an extensive say over spending decisions, and receive nearly all regional tax revenues. Although both VdA and PV are among the richest regions in each country, both are net beneficiaries of the fiscal equalisation system. This preferential treatment is the outcome of a fiscal system with limits on taxing power and debt issuance, and is meant as a compensation for the lack of autonomy. It so prevents calls for more fiscal autonomy, or even outright secession. The economic effects of this asymmetric federalism are negative. Although partial equalisation reduces excessive redistribution built in the fiscal equalisation system, more autonomy could pay off with more efficient government. Asymmetric federalism moreover creates a political impasse in the negotiation of a more efficient tax system and financing arrangement.fiscal federalism, equalisation, secession, Valle d’Aosta, País Vasco. JEL classification:H70, H73, H77
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