25 research outputs found
Replication data for: The role of perceptual salience in L2 morphology acquisition: Attention, awareness, and intake
No full text Dataset description : The dataset includes 68 participants reading a total of 254 sentences (8 learn-practice, 140 learn, 6 test-practice, 80 test) in Englishti, an English-based semi-artificial language incorporating high- and low-salient morphemes reflecting the meaning of possessive determiners (Simoens et al., 2017). Eye-tracking data focuses on two specific Interest Areas (IA): IA7, which contains the target morpheme, and IA5-8, which covers a broader area surrounding the morpheme. In addition to the eye-tracking data, the dataset includes basic demographic data (age, gender), participants' awareness interview scores, Working Memory scores as assessed by the Reading Span Task (van den Noort et al., 2008), and implicit learning ability as reflected by the Serial Reaction Time task (Kaufman et al., 2010). Abstract of the publication : Acquiring morphology poses a considerable challenge in second language acquisition (SLA), highlighting the need to explore methods that facilitate this task for L2 learners. One potential facilitator is salience, which is theorized to aid language acquisition by directing learners’ attention to certain linguistic elements (Goldschneider & DeKeyser, 2001). To empirically investigate the impact of one type of salience, perceptual salience, a text-based eye-tracking experiment was conducted with 68 L1 Dutch speakers who read 240 sentences in Englishti, an English-based semi-artificial language featuring perceptually high-salient (-ulp) and low-salient (-o) morphemes according to length (Simoens et al., 2017). Within an implicit learning paradigm, participants were assigned to intentional or incidental learning contexts. The task consisted of two phases: a learning phase involving input flooding of the target morphemes followed by content-related questions, and a testing phase where participants completed a grammaticality judgment task on Englishti sentences, half of which were familiar from the learning phase and half of which were new. The results revealed a significant influence of salience, mediated by learning context and English proficiency, on fixation durations, thus empirically confirming the effect of perceptual salience on attention allocation in L2 morphology acquisition
Lexical and syntactic alignment during English-Spanish teletandem meetings
Full text linkFirst language (L1) interactants quickly develop a coordinated form of communication, reusing each other's linguistic choices and aligning to their partner (Pickering & Garrod, 2021). More recently, research became interested in second language (L2) alignment (cf., Kim & Michel, this issue). Earlier work has shown that both lexical and syntactic alignment can be found in L2 dialogue, with task type and context as potential mediating factors (e.g., Dao, Trofimovich, & Kennedy, 2018). This study adds to the existing work on alignment in second language production by exploring task effects in English-Spanish teletandem conversations.Twenty-nine English-Spanish tandem pairs completed video-based free conversation and Spot-the-Difference tasks, alternating the language of communication: both participants acted as L2 learner and as L1 expert in turns. The 174 task performances were scrutinized for alignment by identifying the number of overlapping lexical and syntactic n-grams (cf., Michel & Smith, 2018). We compared alignment between paired students (i.e., real pairs) to ‘coincidental overlap’ in created conversations of randomly combined speaker pairs.Results showed significantly more alignment by real than random pairs, and more syntactic than lexical alignment, while task effects were mixed. We discuss our findings in light of telecollaborative task-based interaction as support for L2 development
Stand-out: A systematic review of the role of salience in second language acquisition
No full textDataset description:
This dataset contains the query results, and subsequent annotations, of a systematic review of empirical research on the role of salience in second language acquisition. Files includes a list of articles comprising the search results of our queries and their annotations after removing duplicates, a reference list of the included articles, and three sets of annotations of the included articles: one where rows are delineated by each salience manifestation variable, one where the rows are further expanded according to methodology used (to account for when multiple methodologies were employed in a single study), and one where the rows are further expanded according to additional variables considered alongside each manifestation variable (to account for when multiple additional variables were considered alongside a given manifestation variable).Article abstract:
Salience is frequently cited as a post-hoc explanation of results in second language acquisition (SLA) research. However, how salience is operationalized varies considerably and empirical investigations into the causal effect of salience are sparse. This systematic review analyzes studies that manipulated theorized salience manifestations in second-language contexts toward three primary objectives: (1) to provide an overview of how salience has been empirically operationalized in SLA research, (2) to synthesize existing findings on the impact of salience on second-language learning, and (3) to identify gaps in the current literature to guide future research toward a more comprehensive understanding of salience and its role in second-language acquisition. We extracted 473 references from the Web of Science and Scopus databases, retaining 42 studies for detailed analysis. Results indicate a positive relationship between higher levels of salience and second-language learning outcomes. Findings also show remaining gaps regarding isolated salience manifestations in general and psycholinguistic manifestations in particular.</p
Foodomics approaches: New insights in phenolic compounds analysis
No full textAuthor contribution
SG-R, AC-C, DM, AG-R, MS, and AA-A prepared the original draft. SG-R, AC-C, MS, and AA-A reviewed and edited the manuscript. “All authors contributed to manuscript revision, read and approved the submitted version”.Fruits, vegetables, and plant-based foods contain several bioactive substances such as phenolic compounds (PCs), that are plant secondary metabolites with attributed health properties. The study of the metabolic pathways of PCs, including those related with their synthesis, transport, accumulation, and degradation are essential to advance in this field of research. In this regard, omics tools such as foodomics are gaining relevance due to their versatility and their tremendous potential to generate significant advances in PC research. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the applications of omics technologies in PC analysis, including transcriptomics, micromics, proteomics and metabolomics, highlighting their role in metabolic pathways, current limitations, and emerging insights. Omics techniques as well as data analyses are continuously progressing, emerging new opportunities with onset of artificial intelligence and machine learning. However, significant limitations and challenges still remain. The immense diversity of PC chemical structures and their variability across plant species, varieties, and impact of agronomic factors complicate the analyses and limit the extrapolation of findings. Additionally, high data dimensionality, strong correlations among measured variables, and general lack of standardization in the different omics techniques can impact in the results. Addressing these limitations requires integrating multiomics approaches and developing standardized protocols to enhance comparability and interpretation in PC research. In summary, foodomics approaches arise as essential for the complete mapping of PC biosynthesiMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Depto. de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología AlimentariaFac. de VeterinariaTRUEpu
Approaches to Monitoring and Evaluation Strategy Development
No full textThe Handbook aims to provide decision-makers with a comprehensive NBS impact assessment framework, and a robust set of indicators and methodologies to assess impacts of nature-based solutions across 12 societal challenge areas: Climate Resilience; Water Management; Natural and Climate Hazards; Green Space Management; Biodiversity; Air Quality; Place Regeneration; Knowledge and Social Capacity Building for Sustainable Urban Transformation; Participatory Planning and Governance; Social Justice and Social Cohesion; Health and Well-being; New Economic Opportunities and Green Jobs. Indicators have been developed collaboratively by representatives of 17 individual EU-funded NBS projects and collaborating institutions such as the EEA and JRC, as part of the European Taskforce for NBS Impact Assessment, with the four-fold objective of: serving as a reference for relevant EU policies and activities; orient urban practitioners in developing robust impact evaluation frameworks for nature-based solutions at different scales; expand upon the pioneering work of the EKLIPSE framework by providing a comprehensive set of indicators and methodologies; and build the European evidence base regarding NBS impacts. They reflect the state of the art in current scientific research on impacts of nature-based solutions and valid and standardized methods of assessment, as well as the state of play in urban implementation of evaluation frameworks.Heritage & Technolog
Listening to Accented Speech in a Second Language: First Language and Age of Acquisition Effects
Full text linkOnline First March 10, 2016.Bilingual speakers must acquire the phonemic inventory of 2 languages and need to recognize spoken
words cross-linguistically; a demanding job potentially made even more difficult due to dialectal
variation, an intrinsic property of speech. The present work examines how bilinguals perceive second
language (L2) accented speech and where accommodation to dialectal variation takes place. Dialectal
effects were analyzed at different levels: An AXB discrimination task tapped phonetic-phonological
representations, an auditory lexical-decision task tested for effects in accessing the lexicon, and an
auditory priming task looked for semantic processing effects. Within that central focus, the goal was to
see whether perceptual adjustment at a given level is affected by 2 main linguistic factors: bilinguals’ first
language and age of acquisition of the L2. Taking advantage of the cross-linguistic situation of the
Basque language, bilinguals with different first languages (Spanish or French) and ages of acquisition of
Basque (simultaneous, early, or late) were tested. Our use of multiple tasks with multiple types of
bilinguals demonstrates that in spite of very similar discrimination capacity, French-Basque versus
Spanish-Basque simultaneous bilinguals’ performance on lexical access significantly differed. Similarly,
results of the early and late groups show that the mapping of phonetic-phonological information onto
lexical representations is a more demanding process that accentuates non-native processing difficulties.
L1 and AoA effects were more readily overcome in semantic processing; accented variants regularly
created priming effects in the different groups of bilinguals.This study was conducted with the support of the PSI 2010–17781 Grant
to the second author from the Spanish Government (MINECO)
Aproximación sociológica a los hábitos de lectura de la juventud vasca
No full textEl artículo que sigue trata de resumir la investigación sociológica que sobre los hábitos de lectura de los jóvenes euskaldunes realizamos en nuestra tesis doctoral: "Literatura y Lectura. De las estrategias textuales a la sociología en el universo literario de Bernardo Atxaga (1997)". Tras unas breves consideraciones en torno al protagonismo de la lectura en la sociedad actual, presentamos las conclusiones de las dos encuestas que realizamos en 1990 y 1996 entre 3.000 alumnos de enseñanza secundaria.Gure doktore tesian "Literatura eta irakurlea: Testu-estrategietatik Soziologiara Bernardo Atxagaren unibertso literarioan" euskaldun gazteen irakurketa-ohiturei buruz eginiko ikerketa soziologikoa laburbiltzeko saioa da artikulu hau. Irakurketak gure egungo gizartean duen protagonismoaren inguruan zenbait gogoeta egin ondoren, 1990 eta 1996an bigarren hezkuntzako 3.000 ikasleren artean burutu genituen bi inkesten emaitzak aurkezten ditugu.L'article qui suit tente de résumer la recherche sociologique sur les habitudes de lecture des jeunes euskaldunes que nous effectuons dans notre thèse doctorale: Littérature et Lecture. Des stratégies textuelles à la sociologie dans l'univers littéraire de Bernardo Atxaga (1997). Après de brèves considérations en ce qui concerne le protagonisme de la lecture dans la société actuelle, nous présentons les conclusions des deux enquêtes que nous avons réalisées en 1990 et 1996 parmi 3.000 élèves de l'enseignement secondaire.The following article tries to summarise the sociological research that the author carried out for her doctoral thesis on the reading habits of Basque-speaking youths: Literature and Reading. From textual strategies to sociology in the literary universe of Bernardo Atxaga (1997). After some short considerations on the protagonism of reading in current society, the author presents the conclusions of the two surveys that she carried out in 1990 and in 1996 among 3,000 secondary education students
