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Türkiye imalat sanayiinde yapısal dönüşüm ve işgücü piyasasında katmanlaşma
Get PDFTürkiye’de 2001 Krizi sonrasında hızlı bir toplumsal dönüşüm süreci başlamıştır. Bu dönüşüm sürecini tanımlayan unsurlar, toplumun tüm maddi ve kültürel ihtiyaçlarının sermayenin değerleneceği alanlar olarak mübadele ilişkisine tabi hale getirilmesi, üretim sürecinin esnekleştirilmesi söylemi altında işçi sınıfının kazanılmış haklarına karşı başlatılan saldırı ve para sermayenin üretken faaliyetlere yönlendirilmesine yönelik gösterilen gayrettir. Bu gelişmelerin sonucunda bireysel sermayeler arasında çeşitli boyutlarıyla farklılaşma belirginleşmeye başlamış ve bu farklılaşma işgücü piyasasında derinleşen katmanlaşmada karşılık bulmuştur. Söz konusu süreç uluslararası kapitalist gelişmede 1970’lerde açığa çıkan bir dizi yeni yapısal özellikle paralel olarak ilerlemektedir. İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası birikim rejiminin krize girmesi sonucunda onu meydana getiren ve ayırt edilebilir bir birikim rejimi olarak tanımlanmasını sağlayan spesifik toplumsal denetim mekanizmaları, emek sürecinin örgütlenme paradigması ve sermayenin değerlenme sürecinin mekânsal mantığı krizle beraber sermaye birikim sürecinin önündeki engeller olarak belirmiştir. Krizin aşılması ve yeni bir birikim sürecinin temellerinin atılması için sermayenin devir süresinin kısaltılması, işçi sınıfı üzerindeki denetimin yeniden tesis edilmesi, üretim maliyetlerinin düşürülmesi için yeni yöntemlerin uygulanması ve sermayenin değerleneceği yeni alanlara nüfuz edilmesi gerekmiştir. Bu doğrultuda işçi sınıfı içindeki parçalanma artmış, üretim süreci ve işgücünün yönetilmesiyle ilgili yeni paradigmalar uygulanmaya başlamış, henüz metalaşmamış bir dizi toplumsal ihtiyaç yeni mekânları da kapsayacak şekilde mübadele ilişkisine konu edilmiştir. Söz konusu ülkelerdeki seçkinlerin uluslararası sermaye ile daha sıkı bir eklemlenme yönündeki iradelerinin, erken kapitalistleşmiş ülke burjuvazisinin sermayelerini değerlendirdikleri mekânları çeşitlendirme gayretiyle örtüşmesiyle başlayan süreçte, Türkiye’nin de dahil olduğu geç kapitalistleşmiş ülkeler söz konusu dönüşümün en şiddetli biçimde açığa çıktığı mekânlar olmuşturAfter the 2001 Crisis, a rapid social transformation process has begun in Turkey. The elements that define this transformation process are, the subordination of all material, and cultural needs of the society to exchange relationship as areas that capital would get realized, the assault upon the vested rights of labour by utilizing the discourse of flexibility, and the effort to direct money capital to productive activities. Consequently in various dimensions the diversification between individual capitals has become more apparent, and this found its reflection in deepening labour market segmentation. This process proceeds in accordance with a series of new structural aspects that became evident in the capitalist development during 1970s. Specific social control mechanisms, paradigm of labour process organization, and the spatial logic of capital realization that constitute, and distinguish the regime of accumulation in its historical specification have developed into barriers to the process of capital accumulation as the crisis of post World War II regime of accumulation had become more apparent. To get through the crisis, and start a fresh period of capital accumulation, turnover time of capital has been shortened, control over the working classes has been re-established, new methods for cost reduction have been implemented, and various social needs which had not been commodificated before have been subjected to exchange relationship in a manner encompassing the late industrialized world. As local capitalists’ demand for a tighter integration with international capital and transnational capitalists’ interests in diversification of the locations where their capital may get realized overlap, late industrialized part of the world including Turkey have become locations where the mentioned transformation process manifested itself in the most drastic fashion
Uluslararası borçluluğun evrimi ve IMF
No full textName and Surname: Cihan Cinemre Field: Economics Programme: Development Economics and Economic Growth Supervisor: Assistant Proffessor Mehmet Şişman Degree Awarded and Date: Master - January 2005 World System, Capital Accumulation, IMF, World Bank, Money Capital, Foreign Ivestment, Deptness, Imperialism, Uneven Development, Unequal ExchangeTHE EVALUATION OF INTERNATIONAL DEPTNESS AND IMF This research's aim is to show the links between the debt crisis, which took place in a series of nations in different historical conditions, and the structure of capital accumulation in that particular time with a historical materialistic method. Therefore the evolution of the world system and capital accumulation is studied since the mid 19th century when the rapid transformation of capitalist system began. A clear understanding of this transformation and the structure was important to understand how the concept of underdevelopment came out, reproduced, deepened and extended. The reasons and outcomes of each particular debt crisis is studied and compared with each other. Another important part of the research is the evolution of relations between money capital and productive capital in accordance with the structure of capital accumulation. This changing relation and partial autonomy of money capital was a major cause for the enormous increase in the supply of credits beginning with 1970s. The differentiation in the relations between IMF and World Bank and in the duties and aims of these two organizations is studied partially. Soyadı:Cihan Cinemre sat Kalkınma İktisadı ve İktisadi Büyüme Yrd. Doç. Dr. Mehmet Şişman Tez Türü ve Tarihi: Yüksek Lisans - Ocak 2005 nya Sistemi, Sermaye Birikimi, Yabancı Yatırım, Sermaye, Borçluluk, IMF, Dünya Bankası, Emperyalizm, Eşit Olmayan Gelişme, Eşit Olmayan Değişim ÖZET ULUSLARARASI BORÇLULUĞUN EVRİMİ ve IMF Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı tarihsel koşullarda bir dizi devletin yaşadığı borç krizleri arasındaki bağlantıları göstermek ve o döneme özgü sermaye birikim yapısını tarihsel materyalistik yöntemle incelemektir. Bu nedenle kapitalist sistemde hızlı dönüşümlerin başladığı on dokuzuncu yüzyıl ortasından başlayarak dünya sisteminin evrimi ve sermaye birikimi incelenmişir. Söz konusu dönüşümü ve yapıyı anlamak azgelişmişlğin nasıl doğduğunu, nasıl yeniden üretildiğini, derinleştiğini ve yayıldığını anlamak bakımından önemlidir. Belirli dönemdeki borç krizlerinin her birinin nedenleri ve sonuçları incelenmiş ve birbirleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın önemli bir bölümünde para sermaye ile üretken sermaye arasındaki ilişkilerin evrimi sermaye birikimi yapısı içerisinde incelenmiştir. Bu değişen ilişki ve para sermayenin kısmi özerkliği 1970 lerde başlayan kredi arzında devasa boyutlara ulaşan artışın en önemli nedenlerindendir. IMF ve Dünya Bankası arasındaki ilişkilerde, dolayısıyla bu iki kuruluşun sorumlulukları ve amaçlarındaki farklılaşma da kısmen incelenmiştir
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Fiscal expropriation in Turkey under the rule of Erdoğan
No full textThis work signifies an attempt to elaborate on the concrete workings of fiscal policy in today's Turkey through the notion of primitive accumulation. The subject matter is a political regime that constitutes itself increasingly through coercion. And to understand the political regime's constitution in its wholeness, its concrete existence in its relations with the economic life surrounding it, primitive accumulation - the notion that construes coercion as an economic power - is necessary. Furthermore, since the notion of class struggle is inherent to primitive accumulation, the latter notion also elicits to reflect on the formation of the state as it hinges on the class society. The notion of primitive accumulation reveals the class power that the state predicates and the concrete ends that this predicate sights. Political coercion can't be comprehended separately from the capitalist accumulation, and in the case of Turkey, their unity finds expression most clearly in the practices of fiscal expropriation. Throughout the work, fiscal expropriation is examined through three specific forms it takes: the unity of over-taxation with growing indebtedness of the state, public procurement regime, and public-private partnerships. All of them signify the proletarianisation and further impoverishment of the people just as in the era when Karl Marx has drawn up the notion of primitive accumulation
On the Understanding of the Unity of Organic and Inorganic Nature in Terms of Hegelian Dialectics
No full textThe understanding of nature and its motion through Hegelian dialectics brings the notion of the organism that is intertwined with its inorganic nature. This notion is crucial first and foremost to comprehend life in its wholeness, as becoming that is in constant movement. To attain this comprehension, it is necessary to treat beings as entities invariably determining each other in their reciprocal relatedness. In this way, it becomes possible to set both the organism and its environment free of their fixity and quiescence. Within the work, to derive this mode of reasoning, the sciences and the dialectics are asserted in their unity. The relationship between the organism and its inorganic nature is one of tension. The organism in its finitude is in opposition to its inorganic nature; it is compelled to act to sublate the latter’s independence, indifference, and exteriority for its self-preservation. This is called the melting of the non-organic into fluidity that renders the organism infinite. The relationship, as tension, elicits the notion of freedom; it signifies that freedom is not merely a matter of free will, it rather pertains to the organism’s penetration into its exteriority, in which it can determine ever-changing goals for itself
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