148 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-spq-10.1177_01902725231205855 – Supplemental material for Charlemagne’s Legacy: A Consensus Analysis of Affective Meanings in French and German Culture
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-spq-10.1177_01902725231205855 for Charlemagne’s Legacy: A Consensus Analysis of Affective Meanings in French and German Culture by Diego Dametto, Luc Vieira, Tobias Schröder and Christophe Blaison in Social Psychology Quarterly</p
Intensely negative hotspots cause steeper increase in value in the surroundings, possibly overshooting the contrast effect from milder hotspots.
No full textThis work is a continuation of our research program about affective judgment in spatial context (Blaison & Hess, 2016). We assume that Intensely negative hotspots cause steeper increase in value in the surroundings, possibly overshooting the contrast effect from milder hotspots
Study 1b
No full textThe primary objective of this investigation is to delve deeper into the mechanisms through which an affectively salient element, referred to as a 'hotspot', can influence its spatial surroundings. A body of prior research has demonstrated that positive, as opposed to negative, hotspots have the capacity to not only shape their immediate vicinity, which is known as the assimilation effect, but also extend their influence to more remote areas, a phenomenon referred to as the contrast effect (Blaison et al., 2016; 2018).
This influence is governed by a construct known as 'the gradient of influence'. This term describes the subjective rate at which the perceived influence of a hotspot diminishes as the distance from the hotspot increases (Blaison, 2021). In more recent studies, we have demonstrated that the intensity of a negative hotspot significantly impacts this gradient of influence. More specifically, the influence of intense negative hotspots, as opposed to milder ones, tends to decrease more rapidly as the distance increases (Vieira et al., in preparation).
The present research seeks to unravel the intricacies of the manipulation of intensity. More specifically, we aim to build on the groundwork laid by Osgood (1975), who posited that all objects, and thus places too, are judged according to three primary affective dimensions: evaluation (E), potency (P), and activity (A). Having previously examined the impact of the aforementioned dimensions on negative hotspots (as detailed in the preregistration here: https://osf.io/5psjm?mode=&revisionId=&view_only=), we now intend to extend these prior findings to positive hotspots
Spatial Meta-Contrast & Affective Field
No full textPsychological scientists have long recognized that human behavior is jointly influenced by attributes of the person and attributes of the environment that person inhabits (Lewin, 1936). We argue that research to date has focused primarily at the level of the person, to the relative exclusion of the environment. That said, recent research has begun to examine contextual (Blaison, 2022) and regional (Calanchini et al., 2022) influences on psychological processes. This preregistration builds upon that work.
One aim of this experiment is to test the spatial implications of optimal distinctiveness theory (Brewer, 1991). Specifically, optimal distinctiveness theory posits a meta-contrast ratio, which reflects the simultaneous maximization of differences between the ingroup and outgroups, and minimization of differences within the ingroup. Traditionally, the meta-contrast ratio has been operationalized in terms of self-reported similarity perceptions and evaluations of ingroups and outgroups. The meta-contrast ratio would also seem to apply to the physical arrangement of group members in space, i.e., a maximization of distance to the outgroup members while minimizing the distance to the ingroup members, and the present research aims to test this possibility.
A second aim of this experiment is to test the social implications of affective judgment in spatial context theory (Blaison, 2022). This theory proposes that in order to regulate one’s distance toward people and things in physical space, people construct a mental representation known as an affective field, which maps the affect people anticipate if they moved to different locations of the environment. People are then inclined to gravitate toward areas associated with positive affect, while concurrently evading areas associated with negative affect. For this, people first attend to so-called hotspots that come across as affectively prominent in physical space. Example of such hotspots include members of the in-group (positive affect) and members of a competing out-group (negative affect). Individuals then extrapolate the affective influence of each hotspot upon its proximate environment. To do so they take into account the negative or positive intensity of the hotspot, as well as the gradient of influence, which describes the attenuation rate of said influence as a function of increasing spatial distance. In the end, people make up their minds about where to go by adding together the good and bad feelings anticipated from these hotspots, choosing a place that makes them feel the best—or the least bad
Reliability of surface facial electromyography
No full textData from two studies were used to estimate the reliability of facial EMG when used to index facial mimicry (Study 1) or affective reactions to pictorial stimuli (Study 2). Results for individual muscle sites varied between muscles and depending on data treatment. For difference scores, acceptable internal consistencies were found only for corrugator supercilii, and test-retest reliabilities were low. For contrast measures describing patterns of reactions to stimuli, such as high zygomaticus major combined with low corrugator supercilii, acceptable internal consistencies were found for facial reactions to smiling faces and positive affective reactions to affiliative images (Study 2). Facial reactions to negative emotions (Study 1) and facial reactions to power and somewhat less to achievement imagery (Study 2) showed unsatisfactory internal consistencies. For contrast measures, good temporal stability over 24 months (Study 1) and 15 months (Study 2), respectively, was obtained. In Study 1, the effect of method factors such as mode of presentation was more reliable than the emotion effect. Overall, people's facial reactions to affective stimuli seem to be influenced by a variety of factors other than the emotion-eliciting element per se, which resulted in biased internal consistency estimates. However, the influence of these factors in turn seemed to be stable over time
Study 1a: Testing Potent Positive Hotspots' Counteracting Effect on Negative Influence in Physical Space
No full textIn two previous studies, we were interested in the potential influence of the evaluation, potency, and activity dimensions (Osgood, 1969) on the gradient of influence (i.e., the subjective rate at which the perceived influence of a hotspot decreases with increasing distance to the hotspot, Blaison, 2022, see the preregistration of one of this study: https://osf.io/5psjm). In the present study, we aim to explore the potential influence of the potency and activity dimensions when the effects of positive and negative hotspots interact on the affective perception of the surroundings. Specifically, previous studies (Blaison et al., 2017) observed that positive hotspots are almost powerless against the negative effect of a nearby negative hotspot. In the present study, we aim to test if the level of potency of positive hotspots can increase their counteracting effect. In addition, we aim to explore if the activity dimension of a positive hotspot can have an influence on this counteracting effect. Similarly, we will also test if these two potential effects can be moderated by the level of potency and activity dimensions of the negative hotspots
Emotion Communication Under Conditions of Partial Face Occlusion
No full textDiese kumulative Dissertation umfasst zwei Veröffentlichungen zu drei Bereichen der Emotionskommunikation. Ziel war es, zu untersuchen, ob OP-Masken die Emotionswahrnehmung, die Affiliation und die emotionale Mimikry (d.h. die automatische, aber zielabhängige Imitation des emotionalen Ausdrucks von Interaktionspartner:innen) reduzieren. In zwei Online-Experimenten (Studie 1: N=200, britische Stichprobe; Studie 2: N=235, deutsche Stichprobe) wurden subjektive Bewertungen und die emotionale Mimikry als Reaktion auf maskierte und unmaskierte Gesichter untersucht. Die wahrgenommene Emotionsintensität und die Genauigkeit der Emotionserkennung dienten als Indikatoren für die Emotionswahrnehmung. Die wahrgenommene zwischenmenschliche Nähe diente als Indikator für die Affiliation. Die emotionale Mimikry wurde mit Hilfe einer Gesichtsaktivitätserkennungstechnologie gemessen. In der ersten Studie sahen erwachsene Proband:innen erwachsene Zielpersonen, die Freude und Trauer ausdrückten, eingebettet in Innen- und Außenszenen. In der zweiten Studie sahen erwachsene Proband:innen Erwachsene und Kinder, die Freude, Trauer oder Ärger ausdrückten. Die Freudemimikry wurde durch Masken reduziert, insbesondere wenn die Zielpersonen Kinder waren. Im Gegensatz dazu war die Trauermimikry bei Kindergesichtern stärker und wurde, wie auch die Ärgermimikry, durch Masken nicht beeinträchtigt. Wir konnten auch zeigen, dass durch Gesichtsmasken verringerte Freudewahrnehmung und Nähe mit einer verringerten Freudemimikry verbunden waren. Die Studien zeigen somit, wie erwartet wurde, eine maskenbedingte Verringerung der Emotionswahrnehmung, der Affiliation, und der emotionalen Mimikry. Insgesamt trägt die vorliegende Arbeit zu unserem Verständnis der sozio-affektiven Auswirkungen der partiellen Gesichtsverdeckung bei und stützt die Theorie der emotionalen Mimikry im sozialen Kontext
von Hess und Fischer, nach der Emotionswahrnehmung und Affiliation die emotionale Mimikry beeinflussen.This cumulative doctoral dissertation encompasses two publications on three domains of emotion communication. The goal of the dissertation was to assess if surgical face masks reduce emotion perception, affiliation, and emotional mimicry (i.e., automatic but goal-dependent imitation of an interaction partner's emotional display). We conducted two online experiments (Study 1: N=200, U.K. sample; Study 2: N=235, German sample) that assessed subjective ratings and emotional mimicry in response to masked and unmasked faces. Perceived emotion intensity and emotion recognition accuracy served as indicators of emotion perception. Perceived interpersonal closeness (via the Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale) served as an indicator of affiliation. Emotional mimicry was measured using facial activity recognition technology. We also took into account socio-spatial context effects. In the first study, adult perceivers saw adult targets who expressed happiness and sadness embedded into indoor and outdoor scenes. In the second study, adult perceivers saw adult and child targets who expressed happiness, sadness, and anger. We found that happiness mimicry was reduced by masks, particularly when expressers were children. In contrast, sadness mimicry was stronger for children and, like anger mimicry, unaffected by masks. We also found that reduced emotion perception and closeness due to masks were associated with reduced happiness mimicry. The studies support evidence from before and during the COVID-19 pandemic for mask-related reductions of emotion perception and affiliation. Moreover, the studies provide unprecedented evidence on reductions of emotional mimicry in response to masked faces and child targets. Overall, the present work contributes to our understanding of the socio-affective effects of partial face occlusion and supports emotional mimicry in social context theory by Hess and Fischer, according to which emotion perception and affiliation influence emotional mimicry
TERL 2021 Groupe 2
No full textOn s'intéresse à l'impact de la comparaison sociale, au niveau de l'attractivité physique et de la popularité, sur l'attitude générale d'un individu envers une personne cible.
Notre étude a pour but de montrer que l'on peut prédire cette attitude en utilisant la range-frequency theory de Parducci et Wedell
Contageous disease, influence, and range-frequency theory
No full textThis experiment attempts to demonstrate that affective judgment in spatial context obeys to predictions made by range-frequency theory (Parducci, 1965)
TERL 2021 Groupe 3
No full textCette étude s'intéresse à la comparaison sociale et plus précisément à l'influence du contexte sur le jugement d'attitude envers un restaurant. Nous montrerons que la perception du restaurant par les participants changera en fonction de la condition dans laquelle il est présenté. La modification du contexte suffit à elle seule à modifier le jugement d'attitude sur le restaurant cible, en effet puisque les informations disponibles sur ce restaurant restent identiques dans les deux conditions
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