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TOXICITY OF SOME INSECTICIDES COMMONLY USED FOR RICE INSECTS CONTROL TO PREDATORS OF RICE-HOPPERS
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Biological Control of the Corn Borers
No full text玉米螟乃玉米栽培期中之首要害蟲，依其地理分布重要者有歐洲玉米螟(Osfrmnia ,uthilalis (Hb.))與亞洲玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis (Gn.))兩種。前老分布於歐、美、亞及非洲地區，後者分布於亞、澳地區。該兩種玉米螟種名之鑑定頗有存疑之處，本文係依文獻使用者子以整理。
本文所論之玉米螟生物防治，係以歐洲玉米螟為主，分別列述其卵、幼蟲及蛹等之寄生性天敵（昆蟲、細菌、真菌、病毒、線蟲及原生動物等）與捕食性天敵（昆蟲、蜘蛛、鳥及嚙齒動物等）之種類及其應用於防治玉米螟之實例。並就其卵寄生蜂之飼育、增殖、釋放等技術及其故進加以檢討。玉米螟之微生物天敵因另有專題報告，本文不予列述。
The corn borers have been recognized as the most destructive insect pest of corn during its growing season. Two important species of the corn borers are known as European corn borer (Osfrmnia ,uthilalis (Hb.)) and Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis (Gn.)), the former species distributed in Europe, North America, western Asia and northwestern Africa, and the latter species distributed in Asia and Australia. The confusion on name identification has been existent between these two species in some literature. The names of corn borers presented in this paper is directly cited from its literature.
This paper reviews about the biological control of corn borers and with cspecial emphasis on the European corn borer. It concerns with the parasitoids (e.g. insect, bacterium, fungus, virus, nematode and protoza), and the predators (e.g. insect, spider, bird and rodent) of the egg, larva and pupa of corn borcrs particularly the utilization of natural enemies for their control. The propagating and releasing techniques of their egg parasitoids and the factors effect on wasp liberation are also reviewed and discussed as follows:
1. The propagating techniques cover the species identification, use of alternative hosts, host eggs inviability, maintenance of the health stock of wasps, and the semi- or automated rearing procedure, etc.
2. The releasing techniques cover the understanding of the density and ovipositing period of host insects, release of various developmental stages of wasps, and the USC of protecting container, tractorised apparatus or aircraft for the wasps liberation, etc.
3. The effectivenc of wasps liberation is closely related to the duration of the flight period of host moths, weather condition, corn variety, adequated numbers and times of wasps released, etc
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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