1,720,954 research outputs found
Climate change and soil protection in Zambia's law and policy
No full textClimate change has been a topical subject for decades. This has led to concerted efforts, at a global level, channelled towards combating its adverse effects. This has resulted in the consequential adoption of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the setting of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13 which obliges States Parties to incorporate climate change measures into national policies. The government of Zambia has adopted, amongst others, the National Policy on Climate Change (NPCC) 2016 which has led to ongoing discussions and consultations on the drafting of the Climate Change Bill. The measures on climate change mitigation, though laudable, are bereft of provisions that are specifically aimed at soil protection. Soil protection thrives, in part, on proper soil use which can help to mitigate climate change. Unfortunately, Zambia's legal and policy frameworks have not adequately protected the soil which omission potentially exacerbates the effects of climate change. Of grave concern is the failure to recognise the inter-relatedness of soil protection and climate change which necessitates ingraining provisions on soil protection provisions in climate change mitigation measures.In this article, the author argues that the absence of specific provisions on soil protection in Zambia's climate change law and policy militates against the protection of the soil thereby exacerbating climate change effects
Judicial Mandate in Safeguarding Environmental Rights from the Adverse Effects of Mining Activities in Zambia
Get PDFThe protection of the environment from the effects of mining activities, though cardinal, has been a daunting task in Zambia. A polluted environment affects the rights of those who depend on a clean one for their survival. In remedying the pollution caused by mining activities, numerous legislative and policy frameworks have been put in place and institutions responsible for ensuring compliance operationalised. Notwithstanding such interventions, the problem of pollution emanating from mining activities has persisted. This has led individuals and spirited non-governmental organisations to bring legal actions firstly against erring mining companies for their failure to comply with environmental regulations, and secondly against the government for its failure to ensure compliance by the mining companies. The courts before whom such matters have been brought have seemingly prioritised the supposed development brought by investment in the mining sector over the environmental rights of those whose livelihood is anchored in a clean environment. The article underscores the mandate of the courts in safeguarding the environmental rights of persons whose survival is dependent on a clean environment. In doing so the article critically examines the cases which have come before the courts and how these cases have been dealt with in relation to the protection of the environment and ultimately an individual's environmental rights
The dearth of judicial independence in Zambia’s new constitutional dispensation
Get PDFThe Judiciary is considered the vanguard of human rights protection through the enforcement of individual liberties enshrined in the Constitution. Since time immemorial, the legitimacy of decisions by the courts has been anchored, to a very large extent, on the impartiality and independence of the court. Judicial independence entails that the Judge has not, in his decision in a matter, been influenced by either his will or interest in the case’s outcome or by other persons, entities or authorities other than the law. This implies that the decision made by a Judge should be based on predetermined normative standards embedded in the law. Since the attainment of political independence, the Judiciary in Zambia has undergone scrutiny with most scholars concluding that it was bereft of independence. Although the majority of these conclusions were based on the provisions of the Constitution of 1991 (as amended in 1996), the amendments to the Constitution (in 2016) have done little to guarantee judicial independence. It is argued in this article that the provisions on judicial independence under the Constitution (amendment Act 2 of 2016) Act are not only a façade but have also been crafted in a disguised manner to extend executive powers
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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