1,721,001 research outputs found
Non-conventional concentrates in temperate Asian-Australasian countries - Review
No full textThe huge amount of demand for feedgrains from this region could not possibly be met by producing countries from the other regions. In order to fulfill this increasing demand for conventional raw materials, an alternative for the conventional raw materials produced in the Asia and Pacific region is becoming increasingly more important. A potential alternative is concentrates or non-conventional concentrates produced locally in relative abundance in this region. These feedstuffs include feed grains, by-products from the milling, sugar industries, brewing and distilling industries. Vegetable, citrus, and animal by-products from abattoir, feather meal and blood meal are also possibilities. In addition to more widespread use of unconventional feed sources, the following approach is recommended to improve utilization and performance. These include establishing the nutritive value of non-conventional feeds, quality control to minimize variability, proper storage and processing to assure the nutritive value and prevent mycotoxin contamination, properly balance amino acids with protein sources, supplementation with synthetic amino acids and the use of enzymes to increase digestibility. Currently, practical applications for these resources in feed formulation are negligible despite the potential. The socio-economic aspects will dominate the use of these: non-conventional concentrates. In the future, the feed industry will resolve the problems in using locally available raw feed materials
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Oral treatment of mule ducks with arsenicals for inducing fatty liver
No full textThe aim of this study was to determine the dosage and the compounds of arsenic that induce fatty Liver in mule ducks and also to investigate their effects on tissue residues. One hundred four ducks, 8 wk old, were randomly selected for one of six dietary treatments in Trial 1 or one of seven dietary treatments in Trial 2. Different levels of roxarsone were administrated: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 mg/d, respectively, in Trial 1. In Trial 2, the experimental treatments were of the same level (11.36 mg/d) with different sources of arsenic that included the control without As, roxarsone (3-nitro-4-hydroxypheny-larsonic acid), arsanilic acid, phenylarsonic acid, O-nitro-phenylarsonic acid, As2O3, or As2O5. Both trials lasted 3 wk, with 1 wk on the treatment followed by 2 wk of withdrawal. Results in Trial 1 showed that a dose of 40 mg roxarsone/d increased liver weight and caused fatty liver, whereas administration of 50 mg/d was lethal. In Trial 2, administration of arsenic (11.36 mg/d) for 1 wk significantly depressed feed intake in the roxarsone, As2O3, and As2O5 groups (P < 0.05), whereas the treatment significantly decreased only live weight gain in the roxarsone group (P < 0.05). Administration of roxarsone alone increased (P < 0.05) serum cholesterol (CHOL), albumin (ALB), and total protein (TP), whereas only As2O3 among treatments significantly decreased serum triacylglycerol (TG) concentration (P < 0.05). Ln the roxarsone, arsanilic acid, and phenylarsonic acid groups, serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) decreased to a greater extent (P < 0.05), and arsanilic acid treatment significantly increased the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) (P < 0.05). After 2 wk of withdrawal, liver weights and relative liver weights were heavier in the treatment groups of roxarsone, As2O3, and As2O5 as compared to the control (P < 0.05). Levels of CHOL, TG, TP, and ALE were significantly higher in the groups treated with As2O3 or As2O5 as compared to the control (P < 0.05). The roxarsone and arsanilic acid treatments significantly decreased HDL and increased VLDL in plasma (P < 0.05). The creatine kinase (CK) level in the roxarsone, As2O3, and As2O5 groups was significantly higher compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Among the As sources, roxarsone, As2O3, and As2O5 caused fatty liver in mule ducks
Effect of restrict feeding, Roxarsone or its analogues in inducing fatty livers in mule ducks
No full textThis study is aimed at understanding the role of arsenic in Roxarsone in causing fatty livers in mule ducks. One hundred 10-week-old mule ducks were randomly divided into 5 groups. Ducks received 2 weeks of various treatments followed by 2 weeks of withdrawal. The treatments were non-treatment (control), 300 mg/kg Roxarsone inclusion for 2 weeks (1(st) and 2(nd) week), Roxarsone inclusion for one week (2(nd) week only), restrict feeding, or Roxarsone analogue (3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenyl acid) inclusion. Results showed that feed intake and body weight in the Roxarsone groups and the restrict feeding group decreased significantly during the treatment period. However only the liver and heart weights were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the restrict feeding group. Fatty acid synthetase (FAS) activity showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the Roxarsone groups and the restrict feeding group, two-week-Roxarsone treatment significantly increased NADP-malic dehydrogenase (MDH) activity compared to the restrict (p < 0.05). After 2 weeks drug withdrawal, the 1-week-Roxarsone or restrict feeding group showed significantly increased (p < 0.05) glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) activity (p < 0.05). Two-week-Roxarsone treatment significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the high density lipoprotein (HDL) and increased (p < 0.05) the low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) ratio. After drug withdrawal, the 1-week-Roxarsone or restrict feeding group showed significantly increased (p < 0.05) creatine kinase (CK) activity. The 2-week-Roxarsone treatment group showed significantly increased (p < 0.05) aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity. The restrict feeding treatment group showed significantly decreased (p < 0.05) total protein (TP) concentration. After drug withdrawal, the related enzyme activities in the blood that reflected the liver function were restored to the normal physiological range, except for the total bilirubin concentration and CK activity in the 1-week-Roxarsone group. This group showed a significant increase (p < 0.05). Thus, the reasons for liver enlargement in the Roxarsone and restrict feeding groups were different
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Effects of dietary arsenical inclusion on lipid metabolism and liver function in mule ducks
No full textThis study evaluated the effectiveness of different arsenical Sources oil inducing fatty liver, on changes, in lipid metabolism and on liver function in mule ducks. Sixty twelve-week-old mule ducks were selected and randomly divided into five treatments. including the control group and four different arsenical sources: Roxarsone (300 mg/kg), arsanlilte acid or As2O5 or As2O3 containing 85.2 mg/kg arsenic were included in the basal diet. The ducks were fed the medicated basal diet for 3 weeks followed by a one-week drug withdrawal. The results showed Roxarsone treatment decreased bode weight, feed intake. liver weight and abdominal fat weight (p < 0.05). while it increased the relative liver weight (p < 0.05) during Medication period (3(rd) week). The As2O5 treatment decreased abdominal fat weight and relative abdominal fat weight and relative abdominal fat weight when compared to the control (p < 0.05). Only Roxarsone among the treatment group increased feed intake, liver weight and relative liver weight, while the As2O3 group showed the lightest liver weight and relative liver weight among treatment groups during the withdrawal period (4(th) week). The Roxarsone group decreased (p < 0.05) NADP-malic dehydrogenase (MDH) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) activities and increased (p < 0.05) cholesterol concentration during the medication period, and elevated the MDH and ACC activities during the withdrawal period. All four arsenical treatment groups showed lymphocytic infiltration in liver tissue, while the Roxarsone and As2O3 treatments showed an increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities (p < 0.05). During the withdrawal period arsenical treatments resulted in liver vacuoles. However, the arsenical differed in effectiveness and mechanism of inducing fat vacuoles
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