1,720,989 research outputs found
Politiche traduttive nelle amministrazioni pubbliche multilingui: Alto Adige e Svizzera
No full textThe article compares the language and translation policies of the public administration in two neighbouring multilingual areas, South Tyrol and Switzerland. We first discuss the concept of institutional translation, before giving some historical and legal background information on the two areas (especially for less known South Tyrol). Furthermore, we explore the multilingual regime of their public administration, the translation policies, and organisational units. We then introduce the exploratory study performed in 2017 in South Tyrol to collect information relevant to the translation policies and practices in the provincial administration. Finally, we compare the results of the exploratory study to the Swiss approach concerning aspects such as translator training, texts typologies, translation process, and tools/resources employed. We conclude by highlighting the lessons that the South Tyrolean local administration might learn from the Swiss federal administration in the domain of institutional translation
When Language becomes law: The methodology and criteria adopted by the South Tyrolean terminology commission for the standardization of German and Italian translation equivalents
No full textSouth Tyrol is a part of Northern Italy where a large German-speaking minority lives. In 1972 the local population was granted the right to use the minority language with the public administration, in court and in all realms of public life (DPR 672/1972). An urgent need for a clear and consistent German legal language that faithfully reflected the Italian legal system ensued. The task of responding to such “terminological emergency” was assigned to a commission of six legal experts and translators (DPR 574/1988), who were to officially validate (i.e. standardise) the German language equivalents to the existing legal and administrative Italian terms. The use of the newly standardised terminology is mandatory for all public bodies.
After about 20 years of activity, the proposed paper aims at analysing the results obtained and difficulties faced by the Commission during their daunting task of creating a German language terminology to express the concepts of Italian law with a constant view to the neighbouring well-established German speaking legal systems. The paper will illustrate the decision-making process, term selection criteria and strategies of neology as well as discuss the procedural problems and terminological inconsistencies on the basis of real examples
Terminologische Herausforderungen bei Gesetzesänderungen am Beispiel des Familienrechts
No full textChanges in legislation can heavily affect the terminology of a specific legal domain; designations and concepts may evolve and change or new concepts be introduced. This paper illustrates the effects of legislative reforms with examples from the domain of family law. Historical and legal developments in the domain followed common principles in Italy and the German-speaking countries. However, important differences at conceptual and linguistic level remain, as is evident from the short overview over the most important reforms in Italy and Germany. This paper addresses both the challenges of translating across legal systems and within the same (multilingual) legal system. The discussion of the latter focuses on the northern Italian province of South Tyrol, where German is an official language alongside Italian and terminology needs to be developed taking into account the terminology of other German-speaking areas. As a means of addressing the above-mentioned challenges, we describe the method of micro-comparison. The method helps to reveal similarities and differences at conceptual level between terms from different legal systems, thus determining the existence or absence of equivalent concepts. The method can also be applied by translators in their daily work
Legal Terminology and Lesser Used Languages: The Case of Mòcheno
Get PDFSince 2003 the Institute for Specialised Communication and Multilingualism of the European Academy of Bolzano (EURAC) offers education courses in legal terminology work, coupled with introductions in related/complementary disciplines, e.g. documentation, specialised translation and technical writing. Next to professional trainings, the Institute held also ad-hoc courses, such as a two-day course organised in 2008 for the Mòcheni, a Germanic minority living in the Italian Province of Trento. Since the passing of provincial law no. 6/2008, which foresees specific measures for the protection and promotion of local language minorities, the Mòcheno-speaking community has the right to use their language in all situations of social, economic and administrative life in both oral and written communications. Notwithstanding the recent compilation of a standard grammar, the Mòcheno language is not yet developed for the use in technical and specialised contexts. Indeed, the most urgent needs seem to exist in the translation of administrative terminology
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
