1,721,027 research outputs found
Idea transfer and company constraints in the design of a two-seater sports car
No full textIn 1992 the principal authors were contacted by Beans Industries, the owners of the Reliant
Car Company of Tipton, Staffordshire, and asked to present a proposal for the design and
product development of a lightweight sports car based upon Reliant parts bin components.
This paper covers some highlights of the exercise and details some of the compromises
between engineering excellence, manufacturing practicability, cost constraints and pleasing
design. Key aspects identified within the paper are the concepts of idea transfer, transferring
technology, techniques and style from one design to another and the merits and process of
integrating existing components into a design. The study illustrates the scope for two-seater
sports cars in the market and postulates on near-term possibilities
Degree design - exploring creativity from the start
Full text linkCurriculum design has occupied the attention of academics throughout the ages. In design
related degrees the subject matter itself should inspire careful consideration of the structure of
an academic programme. A wide range of approaches are possible, some of which
approximately fit within general categories. A common approach in the United Kingdom
involves developing core skills at the start of a degree programme and then building on these
in subsequent years adding sophistication and depth. This paper explores the rationales of
degree structures in fields relating to design and the relative importance of educational
objectives. The question of whether to allow students to demonstrate, explore and develop
their creative skills at the start of a degree programme is asked and an example of where they
have been allowed to do this illustrated
The Styling Process
No full textThe automotive sector is a mature market with the consumer having increasingly more choice and as a result a greater influence on the design of new products. This paper outlines the complexity of the design process, the importance of image and branding and suggests, using an example, a possible way forward to meet the needs of the sophisticated consumer. In particular the trend for consolidation in the automotive sector is challenged as an avenue for success in favour of a leaner design process to meet the timescales of consumer interest
Nanoscale thermometry and temperature measurement
Full text linkTemperature measurement on the nanoscale is important for applications such as detecting the local temperature changes associated with microelectronics, optics, microfluidics, chemical reaction and biochemical processes, such as living cells and nanomedicine. The drive for information at this scale comes from the electronics industry, materials development and the biosector, combined with rapid development in enabling technologies such as sensor integration and manufacture. The scale of the application and the nature of physical probes distorting the local temperature field due to thermal conduction effects, or optical probes due to thermal radiation heat transfer or energy associated with excitation of a medium, means that great care needs to be taken in order to provide meaningful measurements. This chapter provides an overview of temperature measurement principles along with a review of some of the principal and emerging technologies for nanoscale temperature measurement
The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in a multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow
No full textThis paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig. Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.
The test rig is a 70 % full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine. Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air. Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows (Reφ up to 5 x 106 and Rez up to 2 x 105). Two different builds have been tested. The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the (non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.
The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method. The velocity measurements were made using a two component, LDA system. The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds. This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity. There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig. For the narrow annular gap, there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity Vφ / Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation Vφ / Ωr = 1. For the wider annular gap, the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation
Design, Make, Test
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Application of design rationale for a robotic system for single-incision laparoscopic surgery and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery
No full textCurrent endoscopes and instruments are inadequate in some respects for complex intra-abdominal surgery because
they are too flexible and cannot provide robust grasping and anatomic retraction. Minimal invasive surgery devices represent
a sophisticated class of mechanical instruments making use of a range of mechanisms integrated into modular platforms
that can be combined to undertake complex medical procedures. Although the machine elements concerned
represent classic mechanical engineering devices, issues of miniaturization, surgical procedure compliance and location
control conspire to present a design challenge. In order to capture, document and resolve the design requirements for
this complex application, quality functional deployment has been applied in combination with design rationale, captured
through issue-based information system mapping. This article reports the use of these tools to produce robot designs
with improved dexterity and triangulation that are basic requirements in laparoscopy
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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