1,721,009 research outputs found
The deinstitutionalization of Western European Party Systems
No full textThis book offers a systematic and far-reaching account of party system institutionalization in Western Europe. Drawing upon a wide array of data and through a comparison of 20 countries from the end of WWII to 2019 across three arenas of party competition (electoral, parliamentary, and governmental ones), the empirical analysis shows that, over the past decade, the level of institutionalization in the Western European party systems has dramatically declined compared with previous decades. Electoral, parliamentary, and – in some cases – governmental instability and unpredictability have reached recordhigh levels. Although the impact of the 2008 Great Recession has certainly worked as a catalyst, this process of de-institutionalization has been mainly driven by long-term factors, such as cleavage decline and length of democratic experience. Moreover, its consequences are relevant not only for the relationship between parties and voters, but also for the very quality of democracy, as party system deinstitutionalization causes a decline in the citizens’ satisfaction of the way democracy works and even an erosion of the ‘objective’ democratic standards. In a nutshell, Western Europe, once seen as the land of stability and the cradle of democracy, may have become the land of party system deinstitutionalization and incipient democratic backsliding
La stabilità perduta e non (ancora) ritrovata. Il sistema partitico italiano dopo le elezioni del 2018
No full text
Radical-Right Surge in a Deinstitutionalised Party System: The 2022 Italian General Election
Full text linkThe 2022 Italian general election marked a new step in the
unprecedented instability experienced by the Italian party
system over the past 15 years. This article presents and discusses the outcome of the election within the deinstitutionalised Italian party system. The most remarkable results
were the unprecedented success of the radical-right FDI
(Fratelli d’Italia – Brothers of Italy) led by Giorgia Meloni
(who would become the first female prime minister in Italy)
and a historic drop in voter turnout. In particular, by employing original individual-level survey data, we investigate the
impact of territory on the vote, the individual-level dynamics
behind the results, and the overall picture emerging in terms
of the Italian party system
Going out of the ordinary: The de-institutionalization of the Italian party system in comparative perspective
No full textSince 2013, the Italian party system has been in turmoil as the old bipolar structure has been swept away by the emergence of new competitors and skyrocketing voter volatility. Instead of being characterized by stabilization, the 2018 general election continued to show turmoil, with a substantial shift in the balance of power among parties and electoral poles. This article tests the hypothesis that since 2013 Italy has been experiencing a process of party system de-institutionalization, meaning a context in which the interactions of inter-party competition remain unstable and unpredictable over time. To do so, it analyses the patterns of stability and predictability in the three arenas (electoral, parliamentary and governmental) where inter-party competition can be detected, adopting a twofold comparative perspective: a diachronic perspective comparing the 2013–2018 period with the previous Italian republican era; a cross-national perspective (using an original dataset covering 372 elections and legislatures, and 670 governments) comparing Italy since the War with the corresponding period in nineteen other Western European countries. The article paints a rather clear picture: in the period following the 2013 elections the Italian party system is de-institutionalized like very few others in Western Europe’s post-1945 history
Explaining the impact of new parties in the Western European party systems
No full textIn recent years, and particularly following the impact of the “great recession”, Western European party systems have undergone profound change. New parties have emerged and been successful, thus radically changing the structure of inter-party competition. So far, research on new parties has been mainly conducted from party-level and election-centred perspectives. Here, instead, we focus on party system innovation (PSInn), meaning the impact of new parties on Western European party systems, and on the factors that explain such impact, by adopting a systemic perspective and taking into account all the arenas where inter-party competition takes place (i.e. elections, parliaments and governments). For this purpose, this article relies on an original dataset on the performances of new parties in terms of votes, seats, and ministerial posts, covering about 350 elections and 670 governments in 20 countries, over the period 1945–2017. The results of the analysis show a notable increase in PSInn over the last decade, in particular with regard to the electoral and parliamentary arenas. Moreover, data show that PSInn in the electoral and the parliamentary arenas is mainly predicted by turnout change, while in the governmental arena is instead driven by the country’s economic performance. Copyright © Taylor and Francis Grou
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
- …
