1,720,969 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Maladies infectieuses et données agrégées : estimation de la fraction attribuable et prise en compte de biais
No full textEpidemiological surveillance is most often based on the analysis of aggregate health indicators. We study the methodological problems encountered when working with this type of data in a public health context. First, we focus on calculating the attributable fraction when the exposure is epidemic and the number of health events exhibits a seasonality. For the most frequently used time series models, we present a method for estimating this fraction and its confidence intervals. This work enabled us to show that the awareness campaign "Antibiotics are not automatic!" led to a reduction of more than half of the antibiotic prescriptions associated with influenza epidemics as early as 2005. Moreover, recently 17% of prescriptions are thought to be attributable to viral infections of the lower respiratory tract during the cold period, and nearly 38% in children, half of which attributable to bronchiolitis. In a second step, we propose Hawkes processes as models for contagious diseases and study the impact of data aggregation on their estimation. In this context, we develop a method for estimating the process parameters and prove that the estimators have good asymptotic properties. This work provides statistical tools to avoid some biases due to the use of aggregate data for the study of attributable fractions and contagious diseases.La surveillance épidémiologique repose le plus souvent sur l'analyse d'indicateurs de santé agrégés. Nous étudions les problèmes méthodologiques rencontrés lorsque l'on travaille sur ce type de données dans un contexte de santé publique. Dans un premier temps, nous nous intéressons au calcul de la fraction attribuable lorsque l'exposition est épidémique et le nombre d'événements de santé saisonnier. Pour les modèles statistiques de séries temporelles les plus souvent utilisés, nous présentons une méthode d'estimation de cette fraction et de ses intervalles de confiance. Ce travail nous a permis de montrer que la campagne de sensibilisation "Les antibiotiques, c'est pas automatique !" avait conduit à une diminution de plus de moitié des prescriptions antibiotiques associées aux épidémies de syndromes grippaux dès 2005. Par ailleurs, récemment 17% des prescriptions seraient attribuables aux infections virales des voies respiratoires basses pendant la période hivernale, et près de 38% chez les enfants, dont la moitié attribuables aux bronchiolites. Dans un second temps, nous proposons les processus de Hawkes comme modèles pour les maladies contagieuses et étudions l'impact de l'agrégation des données sur leur estimation. Dans ce contexte, nous développons une méthode d'estimation des paramètres du processus et prouvons que les estimateurs ont de bonnes propriétés asymptotiques. Ces travaux fournissent des outils statistiques pour éviter certains biais dus à l'agrégation de données individuelles pour l'étude de fractions attribuables et de maladies contagieuses
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Infectious Diseases and Aggregate Data : Estimating Attributable Fractions and Controlling for Bias
No full textLa surveillance épidémiologique repose le plus souvent sur l'analyse d'indicateurs de santé agrégés. Nous étudions les problèmes méthodologiques rencontrés lorsque l'on travaille sur ce type de données dans un contexte de santé publique. Dans un premier temps, nous nous intéressons au calcul de la fraction attribuable lorsque l'exposition est épidémique et le nombre d'événements de santé saisonnier. Pour les modèles statistiques de séries temporelles les plus souvent utilisés, nous présentons une méthode d'estimation de cette fraction et de ses intervalles de confiance. Ce travail nous a permis de montrer que la campagne de sensibilisation "Les antibiotiques, c'est pas automatique !" avait conduit à une diminution de plus de moitié des prescriptions antibiotiques associées aux épidémies de syndromes grippaux dès 2005. Par ailleurs, récemment 17% des prescriptions seraient attribuables aux infections virales des voies respiratoires basses pendant la période hivernale, et près de 38% chez les enfants, dont la moitié attribuables aux bronchiolites. Dans un second temps, nous proposons les processus de Hawkes comme modèles pour les maladies contagieuses et étudions l'impact de l'agrégation des données sur leur estimation. Dans ce contexte, nous développons une méthode d'estimation des paramètres du processus et prouvons que les estimateurs ont de bonnes propriétés asymptotiques. Ces travaux fournissent des outils statistiques pour éviter certains biais dus à l'agrégation de données individuelles pour l'étude de fractions attribuables et de maladies contagieuses.Epidemiological surveillance is most often based on the analysis of aggregate health indicators. We study the methodological problems encountered when working with this type of data in a public health context. First, we focus on calculating the attributable fraction when the exposure is epidemic and the number of health events exhibits a seasonality. For the most frequently used time series models, we present a method for estimating this fraction and its confidence intervals. This work enabled us to show that the awareness campaign "Antibiotics are not automatic!" led to a reduction of more than half of the antibiotic prescriptions associated with influenza epidemics as early as 2005. Moreover, recently 17% of prescriptions are thought to be attributable to viral infections of the lower respiratory tract during the cold period, and nearly 38% in children, half of which attributable to bronchiolitis. In a second step, we propose Hawkes processes as models for contagious diseases and study the impact of data aggregation on their estimation. In this context, we develop a method for estimating the process parameters and prove that the estimators have good asymptotic properties. This work provides statistical tools to avoid some biases due to the use of aggregate data for the study of attributable fractions and contagious diseases
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Maladies infectieuses et données agrégées : estimation de la fraction attribuable et prise en compte de biais
No full textEpidemiological surveillance is most often based on the analysis of aggregate health indicators. We study the methodological problems encountered when working with this type of data in a public health context. First, we focus on calculating the attributable fraction when the exposure is epidemic and the number of health events exhibits a seasonality. For the most frequently used time series models, we present a method for estimating this fraction and its confidence intervals. This work enabled us to show that the awareness campaign "Antibiotics are not automatic!" led to a reduction of more than half of the antibiotic prescriptions associated with influenza epidemics as early as 2005. Moreover, recently 17% of prescriptions are thought to be attributable to viral infections of the lower respiratory tract during the cold period, and nearly 38% in children, half of which attributable to bronchiolitis. In a second step, we propose Hawkes processes as models for contagious diseases and study the impact of data aggregation on their estimation. In this context, we develop a method for estimating the process parameters and prove that the estimators have good asymptotic properties. This work provides statistical tools to avoid some biases due to the use of aggregate data for the study of attributable fractions and contagious diseases.La surveillance épidémiologique repose le plus souvent sur l'analyse d'indicateurs de santé agrégés. Nous étudions les problèmes méthodologiques rencontrés lorsque l'on travaille sur ce type de données dans un contexte de santé publique. Dans un premier temps, nous nous intéressons au calcul de la fraction attribuable lorsque l'exposition est épidémique et le nombre d'événements de santé saisonnier. Pour les modèles statistiques de séries temporelles les plus souvent utilisés, nous présentons une méthode d'estimation de cette fraction et de ses intervalles de confiance. Ce travail nous a permis de montrer que la campagne de sensibilisation "Les antibiotiques, c'est pas automatique !" avait conduit à une diminution de plus de moitié des prescriptions antibiotiques associées aux épidémies de syndromes grippaux dès 2005. Par ailleurs, récemment 17% des prescriptions seraient attribuables aux infections virales des voies respiratoires basses pendant la période hivernale, et près de 38% chez les enfants, dont la moitié attribuables aux bronchiolites. Dans un second temps, nous proposons les processus de Hawkes comme modèles pour les maladies contagieuses et étudions l'impact de l'agrégation des données sur leur estimation. Dans ce contexte, nous développons une méthode d'estimation des paramètres du processus et prouvons que les estimateurs ont de bonnes propriétés asymptotiques. Ces travaux fournissent des outils statistiques pour éviter certains biais dus à l'agrégation de données individuelles pour l'étude de fractions attribuables et de maladies contagieuses
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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