60,313 research outputs found
Language of the Heart: Chickasaw Language Reclamation as a Life’s Pursuit
No full textAs Chickasaw language learners and teachers, we believe strongly that it is through our oral traditions—expressed through our languages—that we are instructed “to be a people in heart, thought, behavior, and conduct as [we] pursue life’s fulfillment” (Nicholas, 2014, p. 64). Significantly, a small but increasing number of Chickasaw citizens have exemplified vigorous and persistent pursuits of sustaining Chikashshanompa', the Chickasaw language, over time and transcending colonization. This paper considers what it means for Chickasaw language learners and teachers to engage in language reclamation as a life’s pursuit. A Chickasaw language learner and researcher compelled to understand this phenomenon, Author A utilized a culturally-grounded methodology to conduct interviews with other Chickasaw language learners and teachers representing distinct generational categories and demographics, such as young adults employed by the tribal language program, youth enrolled in language classes, and adults residing outside of the Chickasaw Nation. From these learners’ stories, three key themes emerged as central to the vitality and efficacy of Chickasaw language reclamation, including a 1) raised critical Chickasaw consciousness (Lee, 2009; Smith, 2005); 2) conception of Chikashshanompa' as cultural practice (Nicholas, 2009); and 3) (re)valuing of language learners (Meek, 2011; Wyman, McCarty, & Nicholas, 2014). We draw on Author A’s research findings as a context to share Author B’s personal story as one example of the way in which the pursuit of language reclamation over a lifetime may unfold. To this end, Author B, a community member actively involved in Chickasaw language education, begins her story with her own experience of awakening to the importance and value of her Indigenous heritage language, which she began to learn from her father, to her sense of self and purpose for her life. Author B powerfully asserts that her journey has been one not only of reclaiming her language but her life itself. Recognizing that she had a gift for learning and teaching language, Author B began to teach an online Chikashshanompa' course to help other Chickasaws connect to and find their place in the Chickasaw Nation through language, no matter where they live. This paper ultimately seeks to explore the importance of sustaining cultural and linguistic practices, offering as evidence the vital voices of Chickasaws language learners and teachers who have restructured their lives around ensuring the continuance of Chikashshanompa'. References Lee, T. S. (2009). Language, identity, and power: Navajo and Pueblo young adults’ perspectives and experiences with competing language ideologies. Journal of Language, Identity, and Education, 8(5), 307-320. Meek, B. A. (2011). Failing American Indian languages. American Indian Culture and Research Journal, 35(2), 43-60. Nicholas, S. E. (2009). “I live Hopi, I just don't speak it”—The critical intersection of language, culture, and identity in the lives of contemporary Hopi youth. Journal of Language, Identity, and Education, 8(5), 321-334. Nicholas, S. E. (2014b). “How are you Hopi if you can’t speak it?”: An ethnographic study of language as cultural practice among contemporary Hopi youth. In T. L. McCarty (Ed.), Ethnography and language policy (pp. 53-75). New York, NY: Routledge. Smith, G. H. (2005). Beyond political literacy: From conscientization to transformative praxis. Counterpoints, 275, 29-42. Wyman, L. T., McCarty, T. L., & Nicholas, S. E. (Eds.). (2014b). Indigenous youth and multilingualism: Language identity, ideology, and practice in dynamic cultural worlds. New York, NY: Routledge
A new proof of Chew's theorem
No full textWe present a new proof of Chew's theorem, which states that normal forms are unique up to conversion in compatible term rewriting systems. 1 Introduction A term rewriting system (TRS) R is compatible if for each pair of rules in R, there exist appropriate linearizations and they are almost non-overlapping. Chew's theorem [Che81] states that the unique normal form property (UN) holds in a compatible TRS, i.e., normal forms are unique up to conversion. The theorem is important since compatibility is a syntactic condition and the class partly contains nonleft -linear non-terminating TRSs. However, there is a general feeling of doubt about the original proof in [Che81]. In fact, there is a gap in the proof of a key lemma 1 . There have been several attempts at a new proof, and partial answers have been obtained [dV90, Oga92, TO94]. De Vrijer showed that UN of a TRS R can be reduced to the Church-Rosser property (CR) of its conditional linearization, R L [dV90]. In R L , reductions..
Letter from Carl Hayden to L. S. Williams
No full textLetter from Carl Hayden to L. S. Williams about the potential to expand the park boundaries
Mystery Author Stan Jones and Sepculative Fiction Authors Sterling Emmal and L. S. Goulet
No full textSterling Emmal is author of the sci-fi fantasy The Executioner of Rawule and L. S. Goulet is author of the fantasy book Sword of Dragonblood. Tundra Kill is Stan Jones' latest Nathan Active mystery. His other books include White Sky, Black Ice; Shaman Pass, Frozen Sun; Village of the Ghost Bears, and the nonfiction classic, The Spill: Personal Stories from the Exxon Valdez Disaster, coauthored with Sharon Bushell
Letter from L. S. Williams to Carl Hayden
No full textLetter from L. S. Williams to Carl Hayden suggesting a boundary amendment to the national park bill
Letter from L. S. Williams to Carl Hayden
No full textLetter from L. S. Williams to Carl Hayden about visiting Mr. Buggeln to discuss proposed park boundary changes
Analysis Code for Fusion of Probabilistic Projections of Sea-Level Rise (d23a-fusion)
No full text<p>This repository accompanies the following manuscript:
B. S. Grandey, J. Dauwels, Z. Y. Koh, B. P. Horton, and L. Y. Chew, Fusion of Probabilistic Projections of Sea-Level Rise.
For further details, see README.md. For the most recent version of the repository, visit https://github.com/grandey/d23a-fusion/.</p>
Letter from Carl Hayden to L. S. Williams
No full textLetter from Carl Hayden to L. S. Williams informing the Saginaw and Manistee Lumber Company that a bill extending the timber cutting rights in the Canyon did not pass in Congress
Telegram from L. S. Williams to Carl Hayden
No full textLetter from L. S. Williams to Carl Hayden stating there should be no objection to Saginaw and Manistee Lumber Company having their timber contract extended as it is greatly favored
Recursive T-matrix algorithms for 1-D and 2-D clusterings of strips
No full textTwo recursive T-matrix algorithms were introduced by W.C. Chew (1989) W.C. Chew and Y.M. Wang (1990). In the present work, the authors discuss the application of these algorithms to conducting strip geometries, and analyze the complexities of the algorithms. The two algorithms are shown to have complexities of O(N2P) and O(NP2), where N is the number of unknowns in the problem, and P is the number of terms that satisfies a convergence criterion in the addition theorems for the cylindrical wave functions.link_to_subscribed_fulltex
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