1,027 research outputs found
Conception des documents pour le Web (La)
No full textPourquoi les documents électroniques pour le Web sont-ils si souvent difficiles à utiliser et à comprendre ? Quelle activité cognitive développent les concepteurs de ces documents ? Quelles difficultés rencontrent-ils ? Cet ouvrage vise à apporter des éléments de réponse à ces questions. Pour cela, dans un premier temps, des éléments historiques sur l’étude scientifique des activités de conception sont mis en perspective avec les spécificités de la conception de documents pour le Web. L’auteur présente ensuite des études qui analysent les difficultés auxquelles les concepteurs de ces documents sont confrontés et les conséquences qu’elles peuvent générer au niveau des documents conçus. Enfin, le rôle de l’esthétique et ses liens avec l’ergonomie clôturent cet essai.
Ce livre s’adresse aux étudiants et enseignants-chercheurs qui s’intéressent à la psychologie et à l’ergonomie cognitives des documents électroniques. L’ergonome ainsi que le concepteur de documents Web pourront également y trouver des connaissances intéressantes pour leurs pratiques.
Aline Chevalier est professeur de psychologie cognitive ergonomique. Elle enseigne au sein du département de psychologie de l’université de Paris Ouest Nanterre
Aline Chevalier, La conception des documents pour le web
No full textAvec l'importance prise par la diffusion des informations par internet, l'injonction d'être présent sur la toile rend souvent incontournable la mise en ligne d'un site pour les acteurs devant accéder à l'espace public. Ce passage imposé qui concerne autant les acteurs économiques que les pouvoirs publics ou les communautés associatives peut s'avérer crucial pour la visibilité ultérieure du collectif. S'inscrivant résolument dans une approche de psychologie cognitive ergonomique, Aline Chevali..
CoST: An annotated Data Collection for Complex Search
No full textCoST is a novel richly annotated dataset for evaluating complex search tasks, collaboratively designed by researchers from the computer science and cognitive psychology domains, and intended to answer a wide range of research questions dealing with task-based search. CoST includes 5667 queries recorded in 630 task-based sessions that result from a user study involving 70 french native participants who are expert in one among 3 different domains of expertise (computer science, medicine, psychology). Each participant completed 15 tasks with 5 different types of cognitive complexity (fact-finding, exploratory learning, decisionmaking, problem-solving, multicriteria-inferential). In addition to search data (e.g., queries and clicks), CoST provides task and sessionrelated data, task annotations and query annotations. We illustrate possible usages of CoST through the evaluation of query classification models and the understanding of the effect of task complexity and domain on user’s search behavior.If you use this dataset, please cite:@inproceedings{10.1145/3459637.3481998,author = {Dosso, Cheyenne and Moreno, Jose G. and Chevalier, Aline and Tamine, Lynda},title = {CoST: An Annotated Data Collection for Complex Search},year = {2021},isbn = {9781450384469},publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},address = {New York, NY, USA},url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3459637.3481998},doi = {10.1145/3459637.3481998},booktitle = {Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Information & Knowledge Management},pages = {4455–4464},numpages = {10},keywords = {complex search task, user study, evaluation, expertise},location = {Virtual Event, Queensland, Australia},series = {CIKM '21}}</div
When Opposites Attract: Moral Polarity in Sade’s 'Aline et Valcour'
No full textSade is often seen as an author who wishes to convey a particular view of the world in his novels. It is well known that in life he passionately embraced a philosophy that was at once monist-materialist and libertine. This article explores the curious fact that it is difficult to locate a corresponding ‘message’ in Aline et Valcour, which is subtitled Le roman philosophique. One important reason for this is the influence of Richardson’s Clarissa. Both novels are built around an opposition between the supporters of two ‘camps’: Christian virtue and libertinage. In Aline et Valcour no less than in Clarissa, these camps are prepared to fight to the death. But in each of these novels, too, the opposition is not a straightforward one, for it has a symbiotic aspect. The libertines need the virtuous in order to achieve their goal of desecrating, and so symbolically defeating, the Christian view of the world. But the virtuous also need their libertine persecutors if they are to achieve the feats of moral suffering, associated with sensibilité, that constitute their highest aim. In brief, Aline et Valcour obeys a Richardsonian aesthetic in which each side is allowed to fight its cause without being definitively supported or undermined by the (implied) author. This helps to explain why, considered as a ‘philosophical novel’, it seems heuristic rather than dogmatic
Loaisel de Tréogate, romancier féministe ?
No full textAline Jalliet : Was Loaisel de Treogate a feminist ?
Women occupy a central position in the novels of Loaisel de Tréogate (1752-1812) and in his heroes' adventures. Although the author often expresses traditional male chauvinist prejudices, he also goes beyond this conventional view by presenting couples in which true exchange between the partners is essential to the man's happiness. In addition, the woman is given a subversive discourse that, by uncovering man's age-old usurpation, is the first shot in a necessary war of the sexes. He is, thanks to his belief in equality, a novelist of the mythical, fraternal married couple, but his attempts to define the essence and the role of women link him to 18th-century debates on women's identity and place in society.Jalliet Aline. Loaisel de Tréogate, romancier féministe ?. In: Dix-huitième Siècle, n°26, 1994. Economie et politique. pp. 475-485
De « La Vieille Henriette » à Aline : ethnogénétique d’une filiation et d’une affiliation
No full textThe recent discovery of the manuscript “La Vieille Henriette”, Ramuz’ completed but unpublished novel, dated March 9-May 5, 1904, calls for a re-examination of the “avant-texts” of Aline, started in the summer of 1904. Indeed, the eponymous character of the unpublished novel reappears with the same name as a protagonist in the “Manuscript 1” of Aline, and is still present in the original April 1905 edition, while losing most of her narrative efficiency. The three “avant-textes” (“La Vieille Henriette”, “Manuscript 1” and “Definitive Manuscript” of Aline) are narrative places where the author experiments with the fictional representation of economic and symbolic exchanges. The variations found (the movements of bodies, goods and speeches) are critical points for a world whose culture is changing, specially when the rules are rejected of transgressed
When Do Children Dislike Ingroup Members? Resource Allocation from Individual and Group Perspectives
No full textDo children like ingroup members who challenge group norms about resource allocation? Further, do children evaluate from their own individual perspective? Participants (N = 381), aged 9.5 and 13.5 years, evaluated members of their own group who deviated from group norms about resource allocation by either: (1) advocating for equal allocation in contrast to the group norm of inequality; or (2) advocating for inequality when the group norm was to divide equally. With age, participants differentiated their own individual favorability from the group's favorability of deviant members of the ingroup. Further, when deciding between group loyalty and equal allocation, children and adolescents gave priority to equality, rejecting group decisions to dislike ingroup members who advocated for equality
Pequena coreografia da mulher selvagem: o amadurecimento feminino na Pequena coreografia do adeus, de Aline Bei
No full textThis article tries to interpret the novel Pequena coreografia do Adeus (2021), by Aline Bei, in the light of psychoanalysis, considering, for that purpose, the theories related to the female psyche elaborated in Women who run with the wolves, in which the author, Clarissa Pinkola Estés, influenced by the works of C. G. Jung, explores the myths and stories of the “Wild Woman” archetype. Although this is just one interpretation among the possible ones, Estés’ work proves to be an interesting reading guide, as it not only contributes to the understanding of relevant aspects of Aline Bei’s book – once Pequena coreografia do Adeus revisits, with its very particular style, several recurrent elements in literature –, but offers as well a psychoanalytic look at the understanding of female authorship.O presente artigo busca interpretar o romance Pequena coreografia do Adeus (2021), de Aline Bei, à luz da psicanálise, movimentando, para tanto, as teorias relativas à psique feminina elaboradas em Mulheres que correm com os lobos, trabalho no qual a autora, Clarissa Pinkola Estés, influenciada pelos trabalhos de C. G. Jung, explora os mitos e histórias do arquétipo da “Mulher Selvagem”. Apesar de essa ser apenas uma interpretação entre as possíveis, a obra de Estés se mostra um guia de leitura interessante, pois não apenas colabora para a compreensão de aspectos relevantes da obra de Aline Bei – à medida que a Pequena coreografia do Adeus revisita, com seu estilo tão particular, diversos elementos recorrentes na literatura –, como também oferece um olhar psicanalítico para a compreensão da autoria feminina
Prise en compte et gestion de contraintes : une étude dans la résolution d’un problème créatif de conception
No full textCette étude vise à déterminer l’effet du niveau de précision du cahier des charges à satisfaire et du niveau d’expertise des concepteurs sur la mobilisation de contraintes liées au commanditaire pour résoudre un problème créatif de conception d’un site internet. Pour cela, des concepteurs professionnels et débutants doivent élaborer la première maquette d’un site en fonction soit d’un cahier des charges comportant de nombreuses contraintes, soit d’un cahier des charges ne comportant aucune contrainte. Les résultats montrent que les concepteurs professionnels infèrent plus de contraintes que les novices, quel que soit le cahier des charges. En outre, les concepteurs professionnels et débutants n’adoptent pas la même stratégie de gestion de contraintes. Les professionnels adoptent principalement une «stratégie de report », où certaines contraintes mobilisées sont mises de côté pour y revenir ultérieurement. Les concepteurs débutants adoptent principalement une «stratégie anticipative », où les contraintes mobilisées sont immédiatement respectées.Chevalier Aline, Bonnardel Nathalie. Prise en compte et gestion de contraintes : une étude dans la résolution d’un problème créatif de conception. In: Bulletin de psychologie, tome 56 n°463, 2003. pp. 33-48
“The Sulfur Dance” Around Arenes and Heteroarenes ‐ the Reversible Nature of Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitutions
No full textWe disclose the features of a category of reversible nucleophilic aromatic substitutions in view of their significance and generality in dynamic aromatic chemistry. Exchange of sulfur components surrounding arenes and heteroarenes may occur at 25 °C, in a process that one may call a "sulfur dance". These SN Ar systems present their own features, apart from common reversible reactions utilized in dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC). By varying conditions, covalent dynamics may operate to provide libraries of thiaarenes with some selectivity, or conversion of a hexa(thio)benzene asterisk into another one. The reversible nature of SN Ar is confirmed by three methods: a convergence of the products distribution in reversible SN Ar systems, a related product redistribution between two per(thio)benzenes by using a thiolate promoter, and from kinetic/thermodynamic data. A four-component dynamic covalent system further illustrates the thermodynamically-driven formation of a thiacalix[2]arene[2]pyrimidine by sulfur component exchanges. This work stimulates the implementation of reversible SN Ar in aromatic chemistry and in DCC
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