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Muscarinic receptor induced contractions of the detrusor are mediated by activation of TRPC4 channels
No full textBond Urology Group: Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine
Get PDFObjectives: To enhance our knowledge of the lower urinary tract with the aim of developing new treatments or enhancing current treatments of the following conditions:Neurogenic and idiopathic overactive bladderCancers of the lower urinary tractStress incontinenceBenign prostatic hyperplasiaInterstitial cystitisErectile dysfunctio
Regulation of urothelial spontaneous contractile activity
No full textThe bladder urothelium (urothelium plus suburothelium) plays an importantrole in regulating detrusor contractile activity but also exhibits a spontaneous contractile activity of its own. The aim of this study was to identify which receptors when activated, can cause changes in the frequency of spontaneous urothelial contractions
Mirabegron attenuates porcine ureteral contractility via α1-adrenoceptor antagonism
Get PDFThe β3-agonist mirabegron is thought to induce relaxation of the detrusor muscle, contributing to the improvement of overactive bladder symptoms. There has been recent interest in purposing mirabegron as a medical expulsive therapy drug to improve the passage of smaller kidney stones by relaxing the ureteral smooth muscles. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of mirabegron on the activity of the ureter. Additionally, we investigated the receptor and mechanisms through which mirabegron exerts these effects. In vitro agonist-induced responses of isolated porcine distal ureteral tissues were measured in the absence and presence of mirabegron in organ bath experiments. The responses were expressed as frequency, area under the curve and maximum amplitude. Mirabegron at concentrations of 100 nM and lower failed to suppress phenylephrine- or 5-HT-induced contractions in the porcine ureteral strip. Mirabegron at 1 μM and 10 μM produced a rightward shift of phenylephrine concentration–response curves in these tissues. This effect of mirabegron (10 μM) was not present in 5-HT concentration–response curves. The mirabegron effect on phenylephrine-induced contractions was also not abolished by β-adrenoceptor antagonist SR 59230A (10 μM), β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (10 μM), α2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine (30 nM), and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NNA (10 μM). The present results show that mirabegron suppresses ureteral contractile responses in the porcine ureter via α1-adrenoceptor antagonism, since their effects were not present when the tissues were contracted with 5-HT. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects by mirabegron were not affected by β3-adrenoceptor antagonists
Characterisation of the muscarinic receptor subtype regulating urothelial spontaneous contractile activity
No full textThe urothelium (urothelium and suburothelium) can contract and develops spontaneous contractile activity. This is increased by muscarinic receptor stimulation, but which receptor subtype is involved is unknown
Carbachol-induced increases in spontaneous contractile activity are mediated through the M3- muscarinic receptor
No full textIt is understood that the urothelium (urothelium-suburothelium) influences the detrusor muscle, yet the extent isuncertain. There is a possibility that abnormal activity of the urothelium can induce bladder dysfunctions such asdetrusor overactivity. Upon activation with carbachol, the frequency of urothelial spontaneous contractions isincreased. The aim of this study was to classify which receptor is activated by carbachol
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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