1,720,990 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Evaluación de un proceso integral residuo-a-energía por medio de digestión anaerobia seca en la provincia de Sabana Centro (Colombia) combinando enfoques técnicos y participativos
No full textRecently, there is a growing tendency in developing countries to build and consolidate stronger solid waste management systems. However, the authorities and police-makers are still struggling to use waste as a resource to generate renewable energy. Colombia has experienced reasonable economic growth over the past 20 years backed with an increase in waste generation. Nonetheless, waste management is still a challenge for the country. A few initiatives are being implemented nowadays in small municipalities to recover the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. In Sabana Centro, a small province in Colombia, six municipalities are currently implementing pilot plans to recover organic waste, two have at least two organics collection routes and send them to compost processes, and one of them (Cajicá) retrieves all the organic fraction and produce soil amendments. These facts are strong evidence that there is a growing interest in the province to implement technologies to recover organic waste. In this multidisciplinary thesis, an assessment of a waste-to-energy process for Sabana Centro by using dry anaerobic digestion and participatory approaches is proposed. First, the most relevant factors that affect municipal solid waste management systems in Colombia were outlined through a combined impact analysis and participatory methodology. Then, dry anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste using samples from two municipalities in Sabana Centro was evaluated to define possible strategies to increase biogas and methane production. Both strategies were biological pretreatment using white rot fungi and co-digestion with municipal grass waste.En la actualidad los países en vías de desarrollo se encuentran en la búsqueda de construir
sistemas de manejo de residuos sólidos más robustos y sostenibles. Sin embargo, todavía
existe un esfuerzo creciente por ver el residuo como un recurso para generar energía
renovable y productos de valor comercial. Colombia es un país latinoamericano que ha
experimentado un crecimiento económico razonable en los últimos 20 años, acompañado
de un crecimiento en la generación de residuos sólidos. No obstante, el manejo de estos
residuos sigue siendo un reto importante en el país. Existen algunas iniciativas que están
siendo implementadas en pequeñas ciudades para recuperar la fracción orgánica de los
residuos municipales. Por ejemplo, el caso de Sabana Centro, una pequeña provincia en
Colombia en la cual seis de once municipios implementan planes piloto para recuperar los
residuos orgánicos. Dos de los municipios de Sabana Centro tiene al menos dos rutas de
recolección de orgánicos, los cuáles son enviados a procesos de compostaje. Otro de ellos
(Cajicá), recupera toda la fracción orgánica que genera y produce mejoradores de suelo por
medio de procesos de compostaje. Estos hechos son evidencia fuerte de que existe una
tendencia creciente en la provincia de implementar tecnologías que permitan recuperar la
fracción orgánica. En esta tesis multidisciplinaria, se propone una valoración de un proceso
residuo-a-energía para Sabana Centro (Colombia) a través de la digestión anaerobia seca y
el uso de metodologías participativas. Inicialmente, se identificaron los factores que afectan
el manejo de residuos sólidos en Colombia a través de un análisis de impacto combinado con
metodologías participativas. Luego, se evaluó la digestión anaeróbica seca de la fracción
orgánica de los residuos sólidos municipales, utilizando muestras de dos municipalidades en
Sabana Centro para definir posibles estrategias para incrementar la producción de biogás y
metano. Las estrategias evaluadas fueron la co-digestión con residuos de poda y el
pretratamiento biológico de los sustratos utilizando dos diferentes especies de hongos.
Finalmente, se encontró la oportunidad de utilizar metodologías participativas para diseñar
una planta de biogás para Sabana Centro. Esto se logró a partir del diseño de una
metodología participativa llamada ADPMDesign que permite el acompañamiento de
diferentes stakeholders en diferentes etapas del diseño conceptual del proceso. Durante la
presente investigación se identificaron cinco motores de cambio que impulsarán cambios
positivos en el manejo de residuos actual en Colombia. Inicialmente, se concluyó que la
implementación de procesos residuo-a-energía es esencial para apoyar la transición a
manejo de residuos sólidos más sostenibles. Para esto, es indispensable la implementación
de políticas de separación en la fuente que permitan obtener los residuos orgánicos
previamente separados. Se recomienda involucrar a la comunidad a través de campañas
educativas, medios de comunicación y redes sociales. Además, el gobierno de Colombia debe
dedicar esfuerzos para desarrollar programas en conjunto con el sector privado y
organizaciones internacionales para desarrollar iniciativas que ayuden a deducir los altos
costos y riesgos de inversión que hoy en día tienen los proyectos de manejo d residuos en el
país. Las asociaciones público-privadas pueden promover la inclusión del sector privado en la construcción y operación de las instalaciones de conversión de residuos. Finalmente, el
gobierno debe promover proyectos de investigación y desarrollo que permitan aumentar la
madurez tecnológica en tecnologías residuo-a-energía. Los motores de cambio identificados
en el presente estudio, motivaron la experimentación a escala laboratorio y piloto de la
digestión anaerobia seca para la producción de biogás, utilizando residuos locales. Los
resultados de la evaluación a ambas escalas mostraron que la digestión anaerobia de los
residuos orgánicos municipales como único sustrato no es recomendada para Sabana
Centro, ya que existe el riesgo de acidificación en los reactores por acumulación de ácidos
grasos volátiles. La combinación de este sustrato con residuos de poda municipal es una
estrategia adecuada para mejorar la producción de metano y aumentar la estabilidad del
proceso a condiciones mesofílicas. Por otro lado, el tratamiento biológico con hongos no
mejoró los resultados del proceso. La aplicación de la metodología ADPMDesign con
stakeholders permitió el diseño de un proceso para producir electricidad a partir de biogás
producido por la degradación anaeróbica de residuos orgánicos municipales generada en los
once municipios de Sabana Centro. Adicionalmente, la metodología apoyó el proceso de
diseño de ingeniería, reduciendo la posibilidad de encontrar problemas operacionales por
incompatibilidades que pueden encontrarse por el desconocimiento del contexto de
implementación. Los resultados de este proyecto son de utilidad para dos diferentes grupos
de stakeholders. Primero, la comunidad científica en digestión anaerobia tendrá una
metodología que permitirá diseñar plantas de biogás con el conocimiento de los principales
actores involucrados en el proceso. También puede beneficiarse del conocimiento obtenido
acerca del tratamiento de la fracción orgánica de residuos municipales y las estrategias
evaluadas para mejorar la producción de biogás. En segundo lugar, las autoridades de Sabana
Centro y Colombia tienen por medio de los resultados de este proyecto una guía para
implementar la digestión anaerobia, especialmente desarrollada para nuestro contexto.Doctor en IngenieríaDoctorad
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The contradictions of economic growth: Environmental pollution, ill-health and economic development in Houston, Texas.
Get PDFThe core theme of this thesis is the potential contradiction between the objective of economic growth in terms of the sustenance of the natural environment and human health. The basic research theme is the identification of the underlying political and economic processes that relate to rising air pollution and corresponding ill-health in cities. It explores the relationship between air pollution and child ill-health in Houston, a highly developed US city. The analysis points out that since the early 1900s, there has been rampant unregulated economic growth in Houston and that weak environmental protection has contributed to both past and current concentrations of industrial pollution, the net result of which is that the environment is severely damaged and human health is deleteriously affected. The thesis indicates theoretical and epistemological limitations in emerging interpretations and highlights that air pollution and ill-health are not simply physical or social problems but they reflect the integration of biological mechanisms and political and economic priorities. This thesis reconceptualizes the connection between the economy and the environment, integrates abstract and empirical investigation, defines the structural character of spatial relations, combines global economic processes with local patterns of environmental degradation, and links historical growth to ecological and health changes. The field-work consisted of a large comparative household survey to examine local air pollution and child ill-health. It was informed by investigations of institutions and documents and complemented by semi-structured interviews. Clusters of child ill-health were found in low-and high-income households in areas near petrochemicals. While it is clear that the socio-economic circumstances of each household influenced the state of child health, this study demonstrates that spatial relations also played a significant role in the relationship. The procedures and analyses are conceptualized through a critical realist methodology, contextualized in a political-economy approach and framed within a theoretical perspective of historical social relations
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
The contradictions of economic growth: Environmental pollution, ill-health and economic development in Houston, Texas.
No full textThe core theme of this thesis is the potential contradiction between the objective of economic growth in terms of the sustenance of the natural environment and human health. The basic research theme is the identification of the underlying political and economic processes that relate to rising air pollution and corresponding ill-health in cities. It explores the relationship between air pollution and child ill-health in Houston, a highly developed US city. The analysis points out that since the early 1900s, there has been rampant unregulated economic growth in Houston and that weak environmental protection has contributed to both past and current concentrations of industrial pollution, the net result of which is that the environment is severely damaged and human health is deleteriously affected. The thesis indicates theoretical and epistemological limitations in emerging interpretations and highlights that air pollution and ill-health are not simply physical or social problems but they reflect the integration of biological mechanisms and political and economic priorities. This thesis reconceptualizes the connection between the economy and the environment, integrates abstract and empirical investigation, defines the structural character of spatial relations, combines global economic processes with local patterns of environmental degradation, and links historical growth to ecological and health changes. The field-work consisted of a large comparative household survey to examine local air pollution and child ill-health. It was informed by investigations of institutions and documents and complemented by semi-structured interviews. Clusters of child ill-health were found in low-and high-income households in areas near petrochemicals. While it is clear that the socio-economic circumstances of each household influenced the state of child health, this study demonstrates that spatial relations also played a significant role in the relationship. The procedures and analyses are conceptualized through a critical realist methodology, contextualized in a political-economy approach and framed within a theoretical perspective of historical social relations
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