1,720,980 research outputs found
New methods of data analysis in analytical biophysics : solving the inverse ill-posed problems in DOSY NMR and MS
No full textCette thèse s’intéresse à la création de nouvelles approches algorithmiques pour la résolution du problème inverse en biophysiques. Dans un premier temps, on vise l’application RMN de type DOSY: une nouvelle approche de régularisation hybride a été proposée avec un nouvel algorithme PALMA (http://palma.labo.igbmc.fr/). Cet algorithme permet d’analyser des données réelles DOSY avec une précision importante quelque soit leur type. Dans un deuxième temps, notre intérêt s’est tourné vers l’application de spectrométrie de masse. Nous avons proposé une nouvelle approche par dictionnaire dédiée à l’analyse protéomique en utilisant le modèle averagine et une stratégie de minimisation sous contraintes d'une pénalité de parcimonie. Afin d’améliorer la précision de l’information obtenue, nous avons proposé une nouvelle méthode SPOQ, basée sur une nouvelle fonction de pénalisation, résolue par un nouvel algorithme Forward-Backward à métrique variable localement ajustée. Tous nos algorithmes bénéficient de garanties théoriques de convergence, et ont été validés expérimentalement sur des spectres synthétisés et des données réellesThis thesis aims at proposing new approaches to solve the inverse problem in biophysics. Firstly, we study the DOSY NMR experiment: a new hybrid regularization approach has been proposed with a novel PALMA algorithm (http://palma.labo.igbmc.fr/). This algorithm ensures the efficient analysis of real DOSY data with a high precision for all different type. In a second time, we study the mass spectrometry application. We have proposed a new dictionary based approach dedicated to proteomic analysis using the averagine model and the constrained minimization approach associated with a sparsity inducing penalty. In order to improve the accuracy of the information, we proposed a new SPOQ method based on a new penalization, solved with a new Forward-Backward algorithm with a variable metric locally adjusted. All our algorithms benefit from sounded convergence guarantees, and have been validated experimentally on synthetics and real data
Méthodes modernes d'analyse de données en biophysique analytique : résolution des problèmes inverses en RMN DOSY et SM
Get PDFThis thesis aims at proposing new approaches to solve the inverse problem in biophysics. Firstly, we study the DOSY NMR experiment: a new hybrid regularization approach has been proposed with a novel PALMA algorithm (http://palma.labo.igbmc.fr/). This algorithm ensures the efficient analysis of real DOSY data with a high precision for all different type. In a second time, we study the mass spectrometry application. We have proposed a new dictionary based approach dedicated to proteomic analysis using the averagine model and the constrained minimization approach associated with a sparsity inducing penalty. In order to improve the accuracy of the information, we proposed a new SPOQ method based on a new penalization, solved with a new Forward-Backward algorithm with a variable metric locally adjusted. All our algorithms benefit from sounded convergence guarantees, and have been validated experimentally on synthetics and real data.Cette thèse s’intéresse à la création de nouvelles approches algorithmiques pour la résolution du problème inverse en biophysiques. Dans un premier temps, on vise l’application RMN de type DOSY: une nouvelle approche de régularisation hybride a été proposée avec un nouvel algorithme PALMA (http://palma.labo.igbmc.fr/). Cet algorithme permet d’analyser des données réelles DOSY avec une précision importante quelque soit leur type. Dans un deuxième temps, notre intérêt s’est tourné vers l’application de spectrométrie de masse. Nous avons proposé une nouvelle approche par dictionnaire dédiée à l’analyse protéomique en utilisant le modèle averagine et une stratégie de minimisation sous contraintes d'une pénalité de parcimonie. Afin d’améliorer la précision de l’information obtenue, nous avons proposé une nouvelle méthode SPOQ, basée sur une nouvelle fonction de pénalisation, résolue par un nouvel algorithme Forward-Backward à métrique variable localement ajustée. Tous nos algorithmes bénéficient de garanties théoriques de convergence, et ont été validés expérimentalement sur des spectres synthétisés et des données réelle
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Régularisation mixte et parcimonie pour la séparation aveugle de sources en spectroscopie RMN 2D
No full textInternational audienceIn NMR spectroscopy, the analysis and the distinction of different chemical entities in a given mixture based on blind sourceseparation techniques is an actual objective that is considered in this work. Precision and relevance are highly required in this area. Consequently,the developpement of new and modern blind source separation approaches is needed. We propose in this work a new sparsity-based strategyof regularization, both in the signal and in the wavelet domains, adapted to 2D NMR spectra. An application to 2D HSQC NMR experienceillustrates the interest and the effectiveness of our method.En spectroscopie RMN, l'analyse et la distinction de différentes entités chimiques dans un mélange donné avec les techniques de séparation aveugle de source représente un objectif en plein essor que nous traitons dans ce travail. La précision et la pertinence demandées dans ce domaine nécessitent des approches de séparation de sources avancées. Ce travail propose une nouvelle stratégie de régularisation adaptée aux spectres RMN 2D favorisant la parcimonie dans le domaine signal, mais aussi dans le domaine des ondelettes. Une application aux données RMN 2D de type HSQC illustre l'intérêt et l'efficacité de notre méthode
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
