1,720,976 research outputs found
Overcoming Depression by Inhibition of Neural Burst Firing
No full textThe N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist ketamine has been found to have rapid and long-lasting antidepressive effects. Two elegant studies from Hailan Hu's laboratory (Cui et al., 2018; Yang et al., 2018) showed that ketamine blocks burst firing of neurons in the lateral habenula (LHb), rapidly relieving symptoms of depression. The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist ketamine has been found to have rapid and long-lasting antidepressive effects. Two elegant studies from Hailan Hu's laboratory (Cui et al., 2018; Yang et al., 2018) showed that ketamine blocks burst firing of neurons in the lateral habenula (LHb), rapidly relieving symptoms of depression. © 2018 Elsevier Inc101Nsci
Loss of IQSEC3 Disrupts GABAergic Synapse Maintenance and Decreases Somatostatin Expression in the Hippocampus
Full text linkGephyrin interacts with various GABAergic synaptic proteins to organize GABAergic synapse development. Among the multitude of gephyrin-binding proteins is IQSEC3, a recently identified component at GABAergic synapses that acts through its ADP ribosylation factor-guanine nucleotide exchange factor (ARF-GEF) activity to orchestrate GABAergic synapse formation. Here, we show that IQSEC3 knockdown (KD) reduced GABAergic synaptic density in vivo, suggesting that IQSEC3 is required for GABAergic synapse maintenance in vivo. We further show that IQSEC3 KD in the dentate gyrus (DG) increases seizure susceptibility and triggers selective depletion of somatostatin (SST) peptides in the DG hilus in an ARF-GEP activity-dependent manner. Strikingly, selective introduction of SST into SST interneurons in DG-specific IQSEC3-KD mice reverses GABAergic synaptic deficits. Thus, our data suggest that IQSEC3 is required for linking gephyrin-GABAA receptor complexes with ARF-dependent pathways to prevent aberrant, runaway excitation and thereby contributes to the integrity of SST interneurons and proper GABAergic synapse maintenance. © 2020 The Author(s)
In this study, Kim et al. investigate the effect of loss of function of IQSEC3, a gephyrin-binding GABAergic synapse-specific ARF-GEF, using hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG)-specific IQSEC3-knockdown (KD) mice. Strikingly, IQSEC3 KD causes a massive reduction of somatostatin (SST) expression. The restricted SST expression in SST+ interneurons reverses the pathological phenotypes. © 2020 The Author(s)1
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Regulation of ryanodine receptor by nitric oxide
Full text linkThe control of redox state of free thiols on ryanodine receptor (RyR) has been implicated as an important mechanism to regulate RyR channel activity and tune its responses to the physiological modulators. Both the skeletal and cardiac RyRs have been shown to be activated by S-nitrosylation of free thiols on them by a chemical process analogous to the oxidation of ¡°critical¡± or ¡°hyperreactive¡± thiols on RyR proteins. Inositol 1,4,5-triphophate receptors (IP3Rs) that control Ca2+ release from internal stores in non-excitable cells were found to be activated by oxidation, which emphasizes the redox reaction as a common mechanism to regulate intracellular Ca2+ channels. Therefore, the study on nitric oxide-mediated regulation of these ion channels will be important to understand the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in all cells including excitable and non-excitable cells since it regulates internal Ca2+ stores via RyR and /or IP3 receptors.The aims were to investigate the chemical reaction underlying the thiol-oxidation and activation of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) by various types of NO donors namely authentic NO¡¤, S-nitrosothiols and other NO¡¤ species such as nitroxyl anions (i.e. HNO). The different actions of these various NO¡¤ species were used to better evaluate the physiological significance of RyR activation by biologically relevant forms of NO, to investigate the role of oxygen on these chemical reactions and to identify the critical cysteine residues involved in redox mediated regulation of RyRs. The main findings are that RyRs are direct targets of S-nitrosothiols which trans-nitrosate hyper-reactive thiols and activate RyRs at biologically relevant concentration. In contrast, NO¡¤ gas cannot modify RyRs at biological circumstances found in cells. HNO is considerably more potent activator of RyR1 than NO¡¤, activates RyRs at nM concentrations. The study with truncated RyR1 indicated that all of transmembrane domains are located close to the C-terminus of the protein and the ¡®critical¡¯ regulatory thiols are part of conserved cysteines residing in it.Further studies will be required to elucidate the interplay of oxidants and reductants found in the cytosolic milieu of all cells and how these activators and inhibitors act to regulate the opening and closure of Ca2+ release channels
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