1,721,121 research outputs found
Les interactions entre chengguan et vendeurs de rue à Pékin
Get PDFBien qu’il existe une administration – les chengguan – dont un des rôles premiers est de contrôler les vendeurs de rue illégaux, ces derniers sont encore très nombreux à Pékin. Ce paradoxe s’explique en partie par une forme de tolérance concédée par les chengguan pour répondre au désaveu populaire de leur action lié à la conflictualité de leur relation avec les vendeurs de rue. La pratique de cette tolérance semble erratique mais est en réalité basée sur des distinctions récurrentes pratiquées par cette administration. Cependant, le caractère informel, révocable et, finalement, imprédictible du contrôle exercé par les chengguan entraîne la persistance de la conflictualité des interactions avec les vendeurs de rue
Les interactions entre chengguan et vendeurs de rue à Pékin
Get PDFBien qu’il existe une administration – les chengguan – dont un des rôles premiers est de contrôler les vendeurs de rue illégaux, ces derniers sont encore très nombreux à Pékin. Ce paradoxe s’explique en partie par une forme de tolérance concédée par les chengguan pour répondre au désaveu populaire de leur action lié à la conflictualité de leur relation avec les vendeurs de rue. La pratique de cette tolérance semble erratique mais est en réalité basée sur des distinctions récurrentes pratiquées par cette administration. Cependant, le caractère informel, révocable et, finalement, imprédictible du contrôle exercé par les chengguan entraîne la persistance de la conflictualité des interactions avec les vendeurs de rue
Does the eviction of street vendors affect food prices? Evidence from China's chengguan system
No full textThe aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of the eviction of street vendors on household food prices. Existing studies suggest the removal of street vendors have impacts on consumer welfare, but few of them have quantified the impact empirically. Employing a unique dataset of city-level food prices, we find that the establishment of chengguan (formally, the Urban Administration and Law Enforcement Bureau) has a positive and significant impact on the average prices of fruits and vegetables. Evicted by chengguan, the absence of street vendors leads to increase in prices of fruits and vegetables by approximately 4.7% all else being equal. Further investigation suggests that cities with less developed retail markets and more stringent administrative enforcement experience a larger price increase led by the establishment of chengguan. Our results provide insights on the role of street vendors in supplying inexpensive goods. Interventions that foster market competition can help mitigate the price effect led by the absence of street vendors.</p
Syncretism in Exegesis: The Integration of Confucian Texts in Chengguan’s Huayan Commentary
No full textCommentarial literature constitutes a cornerstone in the edifice of Chinese Buddhism, providing critical exegesis of Indian Buddhist texts. This paper examines the pivotal role of Chengguan (738–839), the fourth patriarch of the Huayan school, revered for his extensive commentarial work on the Chinese translations of the Buddhāvataṃsaka-sūtra. Chengguan not only composed a written commentary but also engaged in discourses with the monastic and lay communities at Wutaishan, prompting the creation of a sub-commentary derived from these oral elucidations. The study posits that the composition of Chengguan’s audiences, comprising Confucian-educated scholars and Buddhist monks, necessitated a pedagogical strategy that integrated Chinese intellectual traditions into the Buddhist narrative to enhance comprehension. This analysis focuses on Chengguan’s citations of the Analects, showcasing how he interweaves Confucian maxims into the fabric of his commentary to illuminate Buddhist doctrines. The research articulates the method he employed to make the Buddhist texts resonate with a Chinese audience
La méthode d'examen mental sur la fusion parfaite des Trois Saints selon Chengguan
No full textGirard Frédéric. La méthode d'examen mental sur la fusion parfaite des Trois Saints selon Chengguan. In: Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient. Tome 78, 1991. pp. 159-168
Imre Hamar : A Religious Leader in the Tang: Chengguan 's Biography
No full textGirard Frédéric. Imre Hamar : A Religious Leader in the Tang: Chengguan 's Biography. In: Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient. Tome 90-91, 2003. pp. 552-556
Imre Hamar : A Religious Leader in the Tang: Chengguan 's Biography
No full textGirard Frédéric. Imre Hamar : A Religious Leader in the Tang: Chengguan 's Biography. In: Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient. Tome 90-91, 2003. pp. 552-556
An Exploration of Chengguan's Doctrine of the Dharma Realm from the Perspective of Religious Intent : A Comparative Study of Chengguan and Fazang
Get PDFThe concept of "Dharma Realm" (法界) is central to the study of Chengguan's (澄観) thought, the Fourth Patriarch of the Huayan School (華厳宗). While prior research has focused on Chengguan's theories like the "Four Dharma Realms" (四種法界) and "Dharma Realm Dependent Origination" (法界縁起), there has been limited exploration of differences between Chengguan and Fazang (法蔵), the Third Patriarch of Huayan, particularly regarding their interpretations of the Avatamsaka Sutra (華厳経). Fazang emphasizes the purity and untainted nature of the Buddha's enlightenment as depicted in the Avatamsaka Sutra, focusing on Huayan's purity, a consistent approach inherited from Zhiyan (智厳), the Second Patriarch. In contrast, Chengguan highlights the concept of perfect integration (円融) within Huayan and the Avatamsaka Sutra by focusing on the "Dharma Realm," emphasizing its "inconceivability" (不思議) and "non-obstruction" (無障礙). From a practitioner's perspective, Chengguan also emphasizes Huayan's practical application, using the relationship between Li(理)and Shi(事), centering on the "Four Dharma Realms." In summary, while Fazang and earlier Huayan masters emphasize purity and theoretical aspects, Chengguan underscores Huayan's uniqueness, linking its perfect integration and practical aspects to the theory of the "Dharma Realm.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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