59,478 research outputs found
The causal induction from the theory of causal power of Cheng
No full textUna de las teorías centrales dentro de la explicación de la inducción causal (i.e. el proceso de inferencia que permite a las personas identificar causas en la cotidianidad) es la Teoría del Poder Causal que Patricia Cheng desarrolló en 1997 y que ha venido defendiendo desde esa época (Cheng, 1997; Holyoak y Cheng, 2011). Dicha teoría pretende superar los tradicionales modelos de mecanismo y los simples modelos de covariación que hasta el momento se consideraban como la explicación del proceso de inducción causal. Sin embargo la complejidad del modelo matemático que la sustenta la ha hecho poco accesible a la comunidad no especializada que se pueda interesar en este campo. El propósito del presente artículo es, entonces, realizar una introducción a la teoría de poder causal en la que se muestra no sólo sus ventajas explicativas frente a los otros modelos, sino una reconstrucción sencilla del modelo matemático que la sustenta.One of the central theories within the explanation of the causal induction (i.e. , the inference process that allows the people identify causes in the everyday life) is the Theory of Causal Power that Patricia Cheng development in 1997 and that has been advocating since that time (Cheng, 1997; Holyoak & Cheng, 2011). This theory seeks to overcome the traditional mecha-nism models and simple models of co that until the time they were considered as an explanation of the process of causal induction. However the complexity of the mathematical model that sustains them has done little accessible to the non-specialized community that may be of interest in this field. The purpose of this article is, then, make an introduction to the Theory of Causal Power that shows not only its ex-planatory advantages compared to other models, but a simple reconstruction of the mathematical model that underpins it
Differential expression of novel genes and signalling pathways of senescent CD8+ T cell subsets in Behcet's disease
No full textOBJECTIVES: Behcet's disease (BD) is a rare disease characterised by recurrent mucocutaneous ulceration and chronic multi-systemic inflammation; however, its pathogenic mechanisms and biomarkers have not been fully discovered. Previously, we found that peripheral blood CD8+CD27-CD28- T cell frequency was higher in patients with BD than in healthy controls (HCs). In this study, we used global gene expression analysis to identify candidate genes that might be related to pathogenesis or developed as biomarkers in two CD8+ T cell subsets from BD patients and HCs. METHODS: We performed RNA sequencing analysis in CD8+CD27-CD28- and CD8+CD27+CD28+ T cell subsets isolated from 18 patients with BD and healthy controls. Real time qPCR was used to validate the differential expression of genes in five patients with BD and healthy controls. RESULTS: We found that 1,103 genes and 652 genes were differentially expressed in the CD8+CD27-CD28- and CD8+CD27+CD28+ T cell subsets of patients with BD, respectively. We validated the differential expression of COL5A1 in CD8+CD27-CD28- T cells and TRPV3 and ARHGEF10 in CD8+CD27+CD28+ T cells. Furthermore, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis indicated that eleven pathways were more active in BD CD8+CD27-CD28- T cells and more suppressed in BD CD8+ CD27+CD28+ T cells than in the HCs. CONCLUSIONS: Our study is the first transcriptome analysis of CD8+ T cell subsets in patients with BD and our results provide novel genes that might be related to BD pathogenesis
Traumatic identity and aura in David Lodge's "Author, author"
No full textEste artículo analiza la novela Author, Author (2004) de David Lodge como ejemplo de bioficción neo-victoriana centrada en una celebridad, en este caso concreto, Henry James. El género forma parte del renacimiento Victoriano actual que afecta a los estudios culturales en su conjunto. Mi argumento central es que la novela de Lodge constituye una respuesta a las ansiedades culturales actuales, en particular a las que se refieren a la crisis identitaria y autoría literaria, así como a la pérdida del aura artística de Walter Benjamin, sublimándolas a través de los traumas de finales del siglo XIX. La elección de James, como demuestra el artículo, no es casual. Es el último representante de un mundo perdido en el que el aura aún tenía un espacio; el ser humano en crisis y traumatizado porque no encaja en un status quo nuevo.This paper delves into David Lodge’s Author, Author (2004) as an example of neo-Victorian celebrity biofiction, more concretely on Henry James. The genre belongs to the wave of Victorian revival in current literature which also affects cultural studies in general. My main contention is that Lodge’s novel responds to current cultural anxieties, particularly the crisis of identity and authorship and the end of Walter Benjamin’s concept of aura, by sublimating them into late-nineteenth-century traumata. The choice of James is, the article argues, not casual. He represents the redeeming figure of a lost auratic world; the human in crisis, traumatized because he does not fit in the new status quo
jGL ES - a J2ME-based OpenGL ES 3D Library for Mobile Devices
No full textTo provide 3D programs for all kinds of mobile devices, the platform-dependent issue is still a big problem. In this thesis, we present a platform-independent 3D graphics library, jGL ES, which is based on J2ME and has a similar programming environment as OpenGL ES. Furthermore, several alternative pipeline for this graphics engine is also proposed and implemented in library. With jGL ES, the programmers can follow the same programming style of the framework of OpenGL ES and smoothly transfer their source codes to be cross-platform applications.1 Introduction: 6
1.1 Motivation: 7
1.2 Thesis Organization: 8
2 Previous Work : 9
2.1 J2ME (Java 2 Micro Edition): 9
2.1.1 Connected, Limited Device Con‾guration 1.1 (CLDC 1.1 / JSR 139) : 10
2.1.2 Mobile Information Device Pro‾le 2.0 (MIDP 2.0 / JSR 118) :13
2.1.3 Mobile 3D Graphics 1.1 (M3G 1.1 / JSR 184) : 14
2.1.4 Java Bindings for OpenGL ES 1.0 (JSR 239) :18
2.2 OpenGL ES (OpenGL for Embedded System) :19
2.2.1 OpenGL ES Profiles and Components : 20
2.2.2 OpenGL ES Pipeline : 20
2.2.3 Why Choosing OpenGL ES : 24
2.3 jGL : 24
2.4 Vincent Library : 24
2.5 Graphics Pipeline Optimization :25
3 Architecture of jGL ES :26
3.1 Motivation of jGL ES : 26
3.2 Architecture of jGL ES : 26
3.3 Application Programming Interface of jGL ES : 28
3.4 Optimization of jGL ES : 30
3.4.1 Support floating-point data type : 30
3.4.2 Avoid deep class inheritance :32
3.4.3 Reduce the frequency of object (de-)construction : 33
3.4.4 Eliminate the redundancy of object properties : 35
4 Graphics pipeline of jGL ES :36
4.1 Geometry Processing Stage : 37
4.2 Rasterization Stage : 52
4.3 Pixel Processing Stage : 63
4.4 Comparison with Current Hardware Pipeline : 63
4.4.1 Design philosophy of algorithms for graphics hardware : 64
5 Experiment Result :66
6 Conclusions and Future Work :71
6.1 Conclusions : 71
6.2 Future Work : 72
.1 DiRerent Visibility-test Algorithms on Mobile Devices : 74
.2 Ray-casting on Mobile Devices : 75
.3 Cone-Based Visibility Test : 7
Identifying author-inventors from Spain: methods and a first insight into results
No full textThe aim of this paper is to describe a matching and disambiguation methodology for the identification of author-inventors located in the same country. It aims to maximize precision and recall rates by taking into account national name writing customs in the name matching stage and by including a recursive validation step in the person disambiguation stage. An application to the identification of Spanish author-inventors is described in detail, where all SCOPUS 2003-2008 publications of Spanish authors are matched to all 1978-2009 EPO applications with Spanish inventors. Using this data, we identify 4,194 Spanish author-inventors. A first look at their patenting and publication patterns reveal that Spanish author-inventors make quite a significant contribution to the overall country’s scientific and technological production in the time periods considered: 27% of all EPO patent applications invented in Spain and 15% of all SCOPUS scientific articles authored in Spain, with important differences across fields and excluding journals in non-technologically relevant fields.Peer reviewe
¿Qué es el plagio?
No full textEl plagio es tomar un fragmento de una obra artística o intelectual ajena y hacerlo pasar como propio, sin la debida acreditación del autor.Plagiarism is taking a fragment of another's artistic or intellectual work and passing it off as one's own, without due accreditation of the author
Microbial larvicide application by a large-scale, community-based program reduces malaria infection prevalence in urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
No full textBACKGROUND\ud
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Malaria control in Africa is most tractable in urban settlements yet most research has focused on rural settings. Elimination of malaria transmission from urban areas may require larval control strategies that complement adult mosquito control using insecticide-treated nets or houses, particularly where vectors feed outdoors.\ud
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METHODS AND FINDINGS\ud
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Microbial larvicide (Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti)) was applied weekly through programmatic, non-randomized community-based, but vertically managed, delivery systems in urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Continuous, randomized cluster sampling of malaria infection prevalence and non-random programmatic surveillance of entomological inoculation rate (EIR) respectively constituted the primary and secondary outcomes surveyed within a population of approximately 612,000 residents in 15 fully urban wards covering 55 km(2). Bti application for one year in 3 of those wards (17 km(2) with 128,000 residents) reduced crude annual transmission estimates (Relative EIR [95% Confidence Interval] = 0.683 [0.491-0.952], P = 0.024) but program effectiveness peaked between July and September (Relative EIR [CI] = 0.354 [0.193 to 0.650], P = 0.001) when 45% (9/20) of directly observed transmission events occurred. Larviciding reduced malaria infection risk among children < or =5 years of age (OR [CI] = 0.284 [0.101 to 0.801], P = 0.017) and provided protection at least as good as personal use of an insecticide treated net (OR [CI] = 0.764 [0.614-0.951], P = 0.016).\ud
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CONCLUSIONS\ud
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In this context, larviciding reduced malaria prevalence and complemented existing protection provided by insecticide-treated nets. Larviciding may represent a useful option for integrated vector management in Africa, particularly in its rapidly growing urban centres
Low temperature, low pressure nanoimprinting of chitosan as a biomaterial for bionanotechnology applications
No full textMicro- and nanoscale structures of chitosan were fabricated by nanoimprinting lithography and biochemically functionalized for bionanodevice applications. Chitosan solutions were prepared and a nanoimprinting process was developed for it, where chitosan solution is used as a functional resist for nanoimprinting lithography. A low temperature (90 degrees C) and low pressure (5-25 psi) nanoimprinting with polydimethylsiloxane mold could achieve not only microscale structures but also nanoscale features such as nanowire and nanodots down to 150 nm dimensions. The nanoimprinted structures were chemically modified and used for the immobilization of protein molecules. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics
The Bombing of Chongqing, Cheng Mo’s Photographs and Marxist Teleology
No full textEl presente trabajo pretende dar a conocer el bombardeo aéreo japonés sobre la ciudad china de Chongqing durante la llamada Segunda Guerra Sino-japonesa, cuando esta era la capital del país, así como la obra del fotógrafo Cheng Mo, prueba visual de la barbarie japonesa contra la población civil. También el llamado «espíritu de Chongqing» que emergió de su resistencia y victoria, y cómo este espíritu patriótico es adaptado al ideal comunista en el «espíritu de Hongyan» dentro del panteón comunista de espíritus. La metodología se basa en la realización de un estado de la cuestión a través del estudio de artículos académicos preferentemente chinos. Los resultados muestran una apropiación por parte del Partido Comunista Chino de hechos históricos como el bombardeo de Chongqing o las fotografías de Cheng Mo a través de toda una pléyade de «espíritus». La principal conclusión es que este proceder responde a la visión teleológica de la historia por parte del gobierno chino.Aquest treball pretén donar a conèixer el bombardeig aeri japonès sobre la ciutat xinesa de Chongqing durant l’anomenada Segona Guerra Sino-japonesa, quan aquesta era la capital del país, així com l’obra del fotògraf Cheng Mo, prova visual de la barbàrie japonesa contra la població civil. També l’anomenat «esperit de Chongqing» que va emergir de la seua resistència i victòria, i com aquest esperit patriòtic és adaptat a l’ideal comunista en «l’esperit de Hongyan» dins del panteó comunista d’esperits. La metodologia es basa en la realització d’un estat de la qüestió a través de l’estudi d’articles acadèmics preferentment xinesos. Els resultats mostren una apropiació per part del Partit Comunista Xinès de fets històrics com el bombardeig de Chongqing o les fotografies de Cheng Mo a través de tota una plèiade d’esperits. La principal conclusió és que aquesta manera de procedir respon a la visió teleològica de la història per part del govern xinès.This article sheds light on the Japanese aerial bombardment of the then Chinese capital city of Chongqing during the Second Sino-Japanese War, and the work of photographer Cheng Mo, which provides visual evidence of Japanese brutality against the civilian population. It also describes what was known as the “Chongqing spirit” that grew out of resistance and victory, and how this patriotic spirit was adapted to the communist ideal in the “Hongyan spirit”, within the communist pantheon of spirits. Using state of the art methodology to study preferably Chinese academic papers, results show how the Chinese Communist Party appropriated historical events such as the bombing of Chongqing or the photographs of Cheng Mo through a galaxy of “spirits”. The main conclusion drawn is that this course of action corresponds to the Chinese government’s teleological view of history
An experimental verification of the excitation power of a transmission line with a shunt load
No full text[[abstract]]The excitation power of a scattering body is governed, in general, by the forward-scattering theorem. In this paper, the theorem is reconfirmed by simply applying Poynting's theorem to a loaded transmission line. It is shown that the excitation power is determined by the interaction of the incident voltage with the forward-scattered current. For some special cases, the backward-scattering formula can yield the same result. A transmission line with a shunt load is one of the examples where the excitation power can be expressed as the real part of the product of the incident voltage and the conjugate of the backward-scattered current. In this work, an experiment has been performed to verify the above results.[[note]]SC
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