362 research outputs found
Low-spin iron(III) complexes of a tetradentate bis-amide ligand and X-ray crystal structure of trans-[Fe(bpc)(1-MeIm)2]ClO4 (H2bpc=4, 5-dichloro-1, 2-bis(2-pyridinecarboxamido)benzene; 1-MeIm=1-methylimidazole)
No full textAppropriations of Irish drama by modern Korean nationalist theatre : a focus on the influence of Sean O’Casey in a colonial context
No full textMy thesis explores how a translated author on the periphery of the host culture’s
translated repertoire can be at once subversive and innovative on the colonial scene,
using as an example the case of Sean O’Casey in colonial Korea. It explores the
importation of Irish drama in modern Korean theatre during the colonial period and
examines the appropriations of O’Casey’s plays by a central Korean playwright, Yu
Chi-jin, in creating his own plays. Under Japanese colonial rule in the early twentieth
century, intellectuals perceived the supreme task for the Korean people to be the
recovery of national sovereignty and independence. The modern Korean theatre
movement which rose among Korean intellectuals and dramatists during the colonial
period was to play a major part in this task. The ultimate goal of this movement was
to establish a modern national theatre promoting Korean culture and educating the
people, thereby recovering national independence. As their modernised dramatic
polysystem was still "young", Korean intellectuals and dramatists who were
involved in the theatre movement had to borrow dramatic models from other
countries. One of the models they chose was Irish playwrights, especially those who
were involved in the Irish dramatic movement. They published or staged the works
of W.B. Yeats, Lord Dunsany [Edward John Moreton Drax Plunkett], Augusta
Gregory, J.M. Synge, St. J. Ervine, T.C. Murray and Sean O'Casey. Although
O'Casey was considered an important dramatist in the Irish dramatic movement, he
was a playwright on the periphery in the list of translated Irish dramatists in Korea
due to the colonisers’ censorship. However, he remained as a subversive and
innovative playwright on the colonial scene by virtue of being appropriated by Yu
Chi-jin who used O’Casey’s plays as models when creating his own works. In
discussing the subject matter of my thesis, I use Even Zohar’s polysystems theory as
a starting point in looking at ideological issues surrounding translation and extend
the discussion to offer a postcolonial perspective. While most translation in a
colonial context was considered as "an expression of the cultural power of the
colonisers," my thesis shifts the focus to translation as an expression of the cultural
power of the colonised. I explore how the colonised uses another colonised culture to
subvert the colonisers’ power
The dramatizations of the novel Li Wa Chuan : the'Ch'u chiang ch'ih' and the 'Hsiu Ju Chi'
No full textThe novel Li Wa Chuan by Pai Hsing-chien 白行簡 of the mid-T'ang is a story of the love between the courtesan Li Wa and the son of an official, and was influenced by the popular tale Yi Chih Hua 一枝花 said to have been heard by the author's elder brother, the poet Pai Chü-Yi, 白居易 and Chü-yi's friend Yuan Chen, 元稹. In it are skilfully woven an abundance of T'ang period customs as well as place names of the Ch'ang-an 長安 of that time. In Sung the novel appears to have been recited as a story in crowded urban places, remembrances of which can be traced in the Tsui Weng tan lu 醉翁談錄 and the Lü Ch'uang Hsin Hua 綠窻新話. In the Yuan dynasty the work was adapted as a then very popular tsa-chu 雜劇 drama: the Ch'ü chiang ch'ih. The Ch'ü chiang ch'ih now available has been transmitted in two texts, the Yuan ch'ü hsuan 元曲選 and the Ku ch'ü chai ku tsa chu 顧曲齋古雜劇 and there are differences in the content of the two versions. In this essay the Ku ch'ü chai text is regarded as being closer to the original Yuan form, and the Yuan ch'ü hsuan text discussed separately as a Ming revision. Because of the restrictions imposed by the tsa-chü dramatic form the content of the Ch'ü chiang ch'ih in the Ku ch'ü chai version is rather different from the novel Li Wa Chuan, and the most important difference can be seen in the conclusion. That is the novel concludes with the father forgiving the son, while in the drama the son forgives the father. The tsa-chü Ch'ü chiang ch'ih by the early Ming author Chou Hsuan-wang 周憲王 shows in both its form and its content the character of a transition from Yuan tsa-chü to Ming ch'uan-ch'i 傳奇. The mid-Ming ch'uan-ch'i drama Hsiu ju chi, taking advantage of the characteristic length of the ch'uan-ch'i form, faithfully dramatized the entire plot of the novel Li Wa Chuan. But this faithfulness is no more than on the surface, for the personalities of the main characters are to a great extent distorted: the courtesan Li Ya-hsian 李亞仙 is portrayed as a completely chaste woman, and the leading male figure Cheng Yuan-he 鄭元和 as completely the scholar. The Ch'ü chiang ch'ih in the Yuan ch'ü hsuan of the late-Ming Wan-li 萬曆 period is a revision of the original Yuan work done following the editor Tsang Chin-shu's 臧晉叔 own inclinations. Although we can see evidence that he made special use of the phrases of Chou Hsuan-wang's tsa-chü drama Ch'ü chiang ch'ih as well as Chou's Yen Hua-meng 烟花夢, we can see his intention to rebel against the content of Chou's Ch'ü chiang ch'ih and the Su ju chi. This is particularly apparent in the conclusion. Thus the T'ang novel Li Wa Chuan underwent many revisions in the succeeding periods, and in those revisions are reflected the changes in the worldview of the various authors and periods. In this essay the course of these changes is considered on the basis of the works themselves
Identification of differentially expressed genes in fibroblasts from human hypertrophic scars by using differential display RT-PCR technique.
No full textby Cheng Chi Wa.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-120).Abstract also in Chinese.Title --- p.iAbstract --- p.iiAcknowledgement --- p.ivAbbreviations --- p.vAbbreviation Table for Amino Acids --- p.viTable of Contents --- p.viiList of Figures --- p.xiiList of Tables --- p.xvChapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature review --- p.2Chapter Part I --- Hypertrophic ScarChapter 2.1 --- Definition of hypertrophic scar --- p.2Chapter 2.2 --- Pathology --- p.2Chapter 2.3 --- Epidemiology findings --- p.3Chapter 2.3.1 --- Ethnicity --- p.3Chapter 2.3.2 --- Age --- p.3Chapter 2.3.3 --- Body location --- p.3Chapter 2.4 --- Mechanism of cutaneous wound healing --- p.4Chapter 2.4.1 --- Phase I - Haemostasis and inflammation --- p.4Chapter 2.4.1.1 --- Haemostasis --- p.6Chapter 2.4.1.2 --- Early phase of inflammation --- p.6Chapter 2.4.1.3 --- Late phase of inflammation --- p.7Chapter 2.4.2 --- Phase II - Re-epithelialization --- p.7Chapter 2.4.2.1 --- Migration of epidermal keratinocytes --- p.8Chapter 2.4.2.2 --- Migration of fibroblasts --- p.8Chapter 2.4.2.3 --- Angiogenesis --- p.9Chapter 2.4.3 --- Phase III - Tissue remodeling --- p.10Chapter 2.4.3.1 --- Cell maturation and apoptosis --- p.10Chapter 2.4.3.2 --- Exrtracellular matrix remodeling --- p.10Chapter 2.5 --- Alteration of wound healing - Possible pathogenic factors of hypertrophic scar --- p.11Chapter 2.5.1 --- Changes in Phase I-Inflammation --- p.13Chapter 2.5.2 --- Changes in Phase II - Re-epithelialization/ tissue formation --- p.14Chapter 2.5.3 --- Changes in Phase III - Tissue remodeling --- p.15Chapter 2.6 --- The Role of fibroblasts in the formation of hypertrophic scar --- p.16Chapter 2.6.1 --- Functions of fibroblasts in wound healing --- p.16Chapter 2.6.2 --- Suggested aetiological role in the formation of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts --- p.16Chapter 2.6.2.1 --- Fibroproliferation disorder --- p.18Chapter 2.6.2.2 --- Extracellular Matrix remodeling disorder --- p.18Chapter a) --- CoUaqen --- p.18Chapter b) --- Proteoglycan --- p.19Chapter 2.6.2.3 --- Other differentially expressed factors --- p.20Chapter 2.7 --- Treatment of hypertrophic scar --- p.21Chapter Part II --- Differential DisplayChapter 2.8 --- Current approaches for the studies of differential gene expression --- p.23Chapter 2.9 --- Comparison amongst different approaches --- p.23Chapter 2.10 --- The strategy of Differential Display RT-PCR (DDRT-PCR) --- p.24Chapter 2.11 --- The application of DDRT-PCR to identify differentially expressed genes --- p.26Chapter Chapter 3 --- Aims and Strategies --- p.27Chapter Chapter 4 --- Methods and Materials --- p.29Chapter 4.1 --- Materials --- p.29Chapter 4.2 --- Clinical specimen collection --- p.31Chapter 4.3 --- Primary explant culture --- p.31Chapter 4.4 --- Immunohistochemical staining --- p.32Chapter 4.5 --- Total RNA extraction --- p.32Chapter 4.6 --- DNase I digestion --- p.33Chapter 4.7 --- Differential display-RTPCR (DD-RTPCR) --- p.33Chapter 4.8 --- Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis --- p.34Chapter 4.9 --- Reamplification of the differentially expressed fragments --- p.35Chapter 4.10 --- Molecular cloning of the DNA fragments --- p.35Chapter 4.11 --- Screening and miniprep of the plasmid DNA --- p.36Chapter 4.12 --- Cycle sequencing --- p.38Chapter 4.13 --- Data analysis --- p.38Chapter 4.14 --- RT-PCR --- p.39Chapter 4.15 --- Probe labeling by PCR with DIG-dUTP --- p.40Chapter 4.16 --- Southern blotting --- p.41Chapter Chapter5 --- p.42Chapter 5.1 --- Clinical Specimen --- p.42Chapter 5.2 --- Primary explant culture --- p.42Chapter 5.3 --- The total RNA extraction from the cultured fibroblast --- p.45Chapter 5.4 --- Differential display RT-PCR --- p.47Chapter 5.5 --- Reamplification of the DNA fragments --- p.49Chapter 5.6 --- Molecular cloning of the DNA fragment --- p.53Chapter 5.7 --- DNA sequencing of the inserts --- p.58Chapter 5.8 --- Analysis and identification of the DNA sequences --- p.62Chapter 5.9 --- Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis of the differentially expressed genes --- p.76Chapter Chapter6 --- p.87Chapter Part I --- Validity of the FindingsChapter 6.1 --- The Limitation of Tissue Sampling --- p.87Chapter 6.2 --- Tissue Culture model --- p.88Chapter 6.3 --- Differential Display RT-PCR --- p.89Chapter 6.3.1 --- Identification of the differentially expressed genes --- p.89Chapter 6.3.2 --- Confirmation of the differentially expressed genes --- p.91Chapter 6.4 --- Technical difficulties and Limitations --- p.92Chapter 6.4.1 --- Sampling --- p.92Chapter 6.4.2 --- Primary tissue culture --- p.93Chapter Part II --- Significance and Future StudiesChapter 6.5 --- Down-regulation of thrombospondin 1 (TSP 1) in the hypertrophic scar fibroblasts --- p.94Chapter 6.6 --- Biochemical and biological functions of TSP1 --- p.96Chapter 6.6.1 --- The biochemical functions of TSP1 --- p.96Chapter 6.6.2 --- The biochemical functions of TSP1 --- p.97Chapter 6.7 --- The role of TSP 1 in the pathogenesis of hypertrophic scar --- p.98Chapter 6.7.1 --- Down-regulation of TSP 1 may be responsible for the excessive microvessels in hypertrophic scar --- p.98Chapter 6.7.2 --- Down-regulation of TSP 1 may be responsible for the failure of the apoptosis of the fibroblasts in the hypertrophic scar --- p.101Chapter 6.8 --- Expression of TSP 1 during wound healing --- p.103Chapter 6.9 --- Expression of TSP 1 in hypertrophic scarring --- p.107Chapter 6.10 --- Cytochrome b561 and its biological function --- p.109Chapter 6.11 --- Future studies --- p.108Chapter 6.11.1 --- The expression of TSP 1 in hypertrophic scarring and normal wound healing --- p.108Chapter 6.11.2 --- The expression of cytochrome b561 --- p.109Chapter 6.11.3 --- A full scale study of differential display RT-PCR --- p.109References --- p.110Appendices --- p.121Chapter I --- The complete mRNA sequence of thrombospondin1 precursor --- p.121Chapter II --- The mRNA sequence of cytochrome b561 --- p.12
Effects of Hospital-based Breast Cancer Surveillance
No full text目的：本研究為醫院乳癌監測－定期乳房攝影與超音波檢查－的效果評估；過去乳癌篩檢的研究都是以群眾為主的對照試驗，這與醫院進行的乳癌監測是截然不同的。
材料和方法：我們使用某癌症防治中心民國87年到91年的癌症登記檔來確認841名乳癌病人。行政資料提供病人是否曾在醫院監測的經歷。同時期曾在同醫院接受乳房影像學檢查且非乳癌者為健康對照組。全監測族群以年齡分層（大等於五十歲相對於小於五十歲）並使用二元應變項logistic迴歸模型分析。乳癌病人次族群分析乳癌確診時的臨床病理特徵包含：腫瘤大小（大等於或小於兩公分）、腋下淋巴節狀態（有或沒有移轉）及組織學特徵（侵犯性癌或原位癌）。這些替代性終點由追蹤期的乳癌復發與存活分析得到證實（log-rank檢定：p值分別為<0.0001與0.0343）。多階離散狀態時間同質性馬可夫模型進一步分析組織學特徵的研究終點；並探討乳癌監測是否能減緩狀態移轉速率。
結果： 全族群分析顯示對停經前婦女（小於五十歲）單獨進行乳房超音波檢查而非乳房攝影或超音波╱攝影合併檢查辨識出較多乳房良性狀態而非癌症。此效果對年長女性（大等於五十歲）較不顯著，且僅限於前一至兩年的超音波檢查發現（得乳癌勝算比：0.179，p值為0.0041）。癌症病人次族群分析顯示乳癌發病前一至兩年單獨乳房攝影對乳癌組織學型態的研究終點有保護效果（年齡調整後得侵犯性癌勝算比：0.048，p值為0.016）。三階段馬可夫模型顯示監測的淨效益為66.18%（63.44~72.10%）；發病前兩年監測使原位癌到侵犯性癌的移轉速率下降65.16%（59.79~76.74%）。
結論：本研究強調醫院乳癌監測的異質本質。與乳房攝影相比，超音波偵測到更多的良性狀況。單獨乳房攝影做為乳癌篩檢的黃金標準得到確認。未來研究仍需對醫院乳癌監測的本質和成效做進一步的闡明。Purpose: To evaluate effectiveness of hospital-based breast cancer surveillance with periodic mammography/ultrasonography examinations; previous breast cancer screening study was conducted on population-based randomized trials, which was distinct from breast cancer surveillance at hospitals.
Materials and methods: We used cancer registry file from one cancer prevention center between 1998 and 2004 to ascertain 841 breast cancer cases. Surveillance history was obtained through administration data. Healthy controls were those undergoing breast image examinations and were free of cancer at the same institute concurrently. The whole breast surveillance cohort was analyzed using logistic regression model stratified by age group (>50 versus <50 years) with dichotomous responses. Subgroup analysis of cancer patients were targeted for clinical and pathological features during diagnosis of breast cancer; including tumor size (>2cm versus <2cm), axillary lymph node status (presence versus absent), and histological behavior (invasive cancer versus carcinoma in situ). These surrogate endpoints were validated from disease-free survival and mortality during follow-up (log-rank test: p<0.001 and p=0.0343, respectively). Discrete states time homogenous Markov model was applied to histological behavior; effects of surveillance as transitional parameters reduction were surveyed.
Results: Whole cohort analysis showed that for pre-menopause women (age<50 years), ultrasonograophy alone, rather than mammography or two modalities combined, recognized more benign breast conditions than cancer. The effect was less prominent for older women (age>50 years) and was only observed during the preceding one to two years (odds ratio of breast cancer: 0.179, p=0.0041). Subgroup analysis of breast cancer patients showed that mammography alone between one to two years before cancer diagnosis had protective effect upon histological behavior (age-adjusted odds ratio of invasive cancer: 0.048, p=0.016). Three states Markov model showed net efficacy of surveillance was 66.18% (63.44~72.10%); surveillance within 2 years of disease onset resulted in 65.16% (59.79~76.74%) reduction of carcinoma in situ to invasive cancer transition.
Conclusion: Current study highlighted hybrid nature of hospital-based breast cancer surveillance. Compared with mammography, ultrasonography detected more benign breast conditions. Mammography alone remains as gold standard for breast cancer screening. Further study to elucidate the nature and performance of hospital-based breast cancer surveillance is warranted.Abstract p.6
中文摘要 p.8
I. Introductionp.10
II. Rationale and hypotheses of the studyp.15
III. Literature review
1. Breast cancer incidence and mass screening in Taiwan p.18
2. Evidences of breast cancer screening p.20
3. Evidences of hospital-based breast cancer surveillance p.25
IV. Materials and methods
1. Case control study design p.30
2. Study population, explanatory and outcomes variables p.33
3. Statistical models and sample size estimation
3-1. Whole cohort analysis: cases versus healthy controls p.39
3-2. Breast cancer subgroup analysis: surrogate endpoints p.41
3-3. Discrete states time-homogenous Markov model p.42
3-4. Sample size estimation p.45
4. Validation of surrogate endpoints p.46
V. Results
1. Whole cohort analysis p.48
2. Breast cancer subgroup analysis p.52
3. Discrete states time-homogenous Markov model p.56
VI. Discussion
1. Limitations p.61
2. Further perspectives p.64
References p.66
Appendix
A. Whole cohort analysis with polytomous responses p.70
B. Breast cancer subgroup analysis with symptomatology p.7
明治時代的女性用語「wa」― 文法論的研究 ―
No full text目前為止的研究中，並沒有明確地探討的女性用語「wa」於文法上的特徴，及其實際使用的狀況。本研究之考察範圍定於被視為既是女性用語「wa」的起源，並最頻繁地被使用之明治時代，分析該時代20本小說中共418例之女性用語「wa」於文法上的特徴。
上述所提及之例句中使用的女性用語「wa」通常具有多種文義，而本研究以這些例句中為基底，進一部探討說話者的「否定性判斷」。
「否定性判斷」的內情(因素A)、「否定性判斷」口語化的方法(因素B)、「否定性判斷」所產生的責任所在(因素C)、藉由女性用語「wa」更新對話內容資訊的是哪一方說話者(因素D)、透過上述A~D等四種因素的結合，加以分析女性用語「wa」被口語化的各種例句。
此外，本研究將一部分表示特殊判斷的「否定性判斷」例句定義為「通常性凌駕」。一般大眾對於「否定性判斷」的定義為「說話者否定某一件事情的成立」，然而此論文中的「通常性凌駕」則是經由承認「說話者無意識地、常規性地(例行性地)去否定一件事情」，於此一特性的前提下，來解說「否定性判斷」。
如前文所述，本論文之立場為將「否定性判斷」認定為明治時代的女性用語「wa」的核心，同時，將「否定性判斷」中一部份之例句認定為「通常性凌駕」，此一特性與現代日語的條件句「teha」可尋有相同之處。再者，視為「通常性凌駕」的例句中，亦能看出其「對比」性。從此一「對比」性可以得知，明治時代的女性用語「wa」及現代日語之條件句「teha」與係助詞「ha」中的「對比」用法有連結
Pilot Study: Distribution and prevalence of Theileria orientalis genotypes in adult lactating cows in Western Australia dairy herds
No full textAn emerging tick-borne disease, bovine anaemia due to Theileria orientalis group (BATOG), is a serious problem for the cattle industry, causing substantial mortality in cattle, resulting in significant production loss and economic loss. BATOG is caused by a blood-borne intracellular protozoan parasite, Theileria orientalis, causing damage to the erythrocytes and ultimately severe anaemia, transmitted by the Australian bush tick (syn. Asian longhorned ticks, New Zealand cattle tick), Haemaphysalis longicornis. T. orientalis was first recorded in Australia in the 1900s and infection was considered nonpathogenic, however clinical disease cases of BATOG has increased significantly since 2006 due to the emergence of pathogenic T. orientalis genotypes, although the distribution and prevalence is not well understood in Western Australia (WA). Therefore, this pilot study conducted on 100 cattle from 10 dairy farms in the greater South-West region of WA aimed to provide the first insight into the distribution and prevalence of T. orientalis genotypes. In this study, molecular screening using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detected Theileria at a prevalence of 13% (13/100) and Sanger sequencing was performed on 13 dairy cattle blood samples to identitfy T. orientalis genotypes. Results revealed that T. orientalis was widespread throughout the South-West region of WA, especially along the coastal margins. The prominent T. orientalis genotype was identified as the Ikeda genotype (11%), while the Buffeli genotype was identified in WA for the first time, albeit with a low prevalence (1%). These data highlight the importance of conducting widespread surveillance programs for increasing the understanding of BATOG in WA, for improving current cattle tick control programs and stock management in WA and developing future research and biological surveillance strategies
All wavelengths and directions hybrid-guidance photonic crystal fiber and its property of Bragg grating resonance
No full textAuthor name used in this publication: Chi Wah LeungAuthor name used in this publication: Helen Lai Wa Chan2008-2009 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishedVoR allowe
Usage of the claim database of National Health Insurance Program for analysis of cisapride-erythromycin co-medication in Taiwan
No full textThe Intertextuality of the Awareneess and Rationality \ue2 a cultural argument in the 21th buddhistic world in China and Japan
No full textThe so-called Critical Buddhism was originated by two Buddhist scholars at Komazawa University: Hakamaya Noriaki and Matsumoto Shiro. It stirred up great controversy by its claims that the teachings of Tathagatagarbha, Buddha-nature, original enlightenment, and the philosophy of Kyoto School are not Buddhist, and aroused great interest and responses from Buddhists and Buddhologist in Japan.( Shih, Heng-Ching\uef\ubc2001)
They condemn the ideas of Buddha Nature, Tath\u101gatagarbha and Original Enlightenment developed in China and Japan as deviating from the fundamental Buddhist thoughts of prat\u12btyasamutp\u101da and \u15b\u16bnyat\u101, thereby backtracking to the substantialism of the idea of Brahman in the Upani\u1e63ads.At the level of social criticism, Critical Buddhism blamed the idea of Wa (harmony), which derives from Tathaagatagarbha thought, for social discrimination and injustice.(Yu-Kwan Ng\uef\ubc2009)
The same controversy caused by Zhi Na Nei Xue Yuan and New Confucianism also occurred in China. Therefore,the development of Buddhism in China and Japan both became the representations of East Asia. The development of Buddhism became not only the characteristic of civilization, but aslo the public philosophy of East Asia through the concept of \ue2Nothing\ue2(\ue7\ua1)
- …
