657 research outputs found
Long-term nutrient imbalance raises soil antibiotic accumulation and bacterial antibiotic resistance in a Chinese wheat–maize cropping system
No full texthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010011 Jiangsu Postdoctoral Research Foundationhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100008868 Jiangsu Province Department of Science and Technologyhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002858 China Postdoctoral Science Foundationhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002367 Chinese Academy of Scienceshttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809 National Natural Science Foundation of Chin
Elevated CO2 negates O3 impacts on terrestrial carbon and nitrogen cycles
No full textThe dataset for the research article titled ' Elevated CO2 negates O3 impacts on terrestrial carbon and nitrogen cycles', authored by Drs. Longlong Xia, Shu Kee Lam, Ralf Kiese, Deli Chen, Yiqi Luo, Kees Jan van Groenigen, Elizabeth A. Ainsworth, Ji Chen, Shuwei Liu, Lei Ma, Yuhao Zhu and Klaus Butterbach-BahlTHIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV
Operando study of Fe3O4 anodes by electrochemical atomic force microscopy
No full textPresent study provided visual evidence of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer formation on Fe3O4 anode during charge and discharge using in situ electrochemical atomic force microscopy. AFM images show that SEI layer formed on Fe3O4 electrode from fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC)-based electrolyte was more stable and compact than that formed from ethylene carbonate (EC)-based electrolyte. In addition, presence of surface cracks on the electrodes indicated poor formation of an intact SEI layer. This observation was more apparent in the EC-based electrolyte. Lack of anintact SEI layer resulted in decomposition of electrolytes which were reflected by presence of large air bubbles and dendrites on the electrode during CV. Although FEC-based electrolyte improved the performance of Fe3O4 anodes in lithiumion batteries, its protective effects were far from perfect. To accelerate the application of Fe3O4 or other metal oxide anodes in lithiumion batteries, better electrolytes and sophisticated carbon coating techniques are needed. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
In-situ measurement of ion angular distribution in bulk titanium DRIE for modeling the etch profile
No full textThe bulk titanium deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) enabled high aspect ratio structures and devices are promising for harsh and in vivo environments applications. An etching model is necessary for better profile control to acquire needed performance, in which a correct ion angular distribution (IAD) in chlorine plasma is crucial. In this paper, an overhang SU-8 structure is proposed to experimentally in-situ measure the IAD by analyzing the etching profiles. With these data, a profile evolution model is developed to predict the titanium DRIE process.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000327183000067&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Engineering, BiomedicalEngineering, Electrical & ElectronicNanoscience & NanotechnologyEICPCI-S(ISTP)
Relative deprivation based on occupation: An effective predictor of Chinese life satisfaction
No full textRelative deprivation (RD) refers to the fact that individuals may feel deprived of some desirable thing in social comparison relative to a reference group. Occupational group is widely recognized as the essential reference group and generally used to compare differences in earnings and social position. Four waves' data from the Social Attitudes Survey of Urban-Rural Residents (China) (SAS-C; 2005/2007/2008/2009) were used to compute to Stewart's new measure of RD for different occupational groups and its relationship to life satisfaction (a cognitive component of subjective well-being). Results showed that both economic RD (defined as individuals' RD of material benefits, such as income, wealth etc.) and social status RD (defined as individuals' RD on their evaluation of social status) consistently predicted Chinese life satisfaction for a period of time from 2005 to 2009; meanwhile, individual economic RD was moderately correlated to social status RD. The effects of RD and some demographic variables on life satisfaction are discussed and possible improvements for future research are suggested
The Role of Infiltrated T Lymphocyte in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Insights into Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognosis
No full textWei Liao,1,2,* Jiaxuan Lu,3,* Yuyuan Xu,4,* Chulin Yang,1,5 Hongjie Chen,4 Shaohang Cai,4 Lili Liu,1,6 Shuwei Chen1,5 1State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Intensive Care Unit, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Shaohang Cai, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China, Email [email protected] Shuwei Chen, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People’s Republic of China, Email [email protected]: To compare and analyze the presence of CD4+ and CD8 + lymphocyte infiltrates in Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissue versus adjacent tissue and their clinical significance.Methods: We enrolled a total of 152 patients diagnosed with OSCC, all of whom had confirmed diagnoses through pathological reports. Clinical and demographics data were extracted from medical records. Tissue microarrays were constructed and immunohistochemical staining for CD4 and CD8 was performed.Findings: The average number of infiltrating CD4+ T cells in OSCC tumor tissue was 1026.22± 1163.36 cells/mm2, which did not significantly differ from the count in adjacent tissue, which was 1163.36± 1013.23 cells/mm2. However, the number of CD8+ T cell infiltration in tumor tissue was significantly higher than in adjacent tissue (655.25± 705.70 vs 504.56± 659.26 cells/mm2, p = 0.026). We observed that, among patients who consumed alcohol, the CD4+ T cell infiltration in tumor tissue being significantly lower than that in adjacent tissue (P=0.036). Moreover, the CD8+ T cell infiltration in cancer tissue was significantly higher than in adjacent tissue for T1-2 patients (p=0.005). Patients with higher CD8+ T cell in tumor tissue exhibited significantly improved overall survival (p = 0.043). Multivariate analyses revealed that alcohol consumption had a significant impact on the number of CD4+T lymphocytes in tumor tissue (OR = 0.403, P = 0.033) while T stage was the independent factor affecting CD8+ T lymphocyte infiltration in tumor tissue (OR = 0.459, P = 0.031).Interpretation: OSCC patients with a higher number of CD8+ T lymphocyte infiltration in tumor tissue exhibited an improved prognosis.Keywords: microenvironment, OSCC, CD8 T cells, CD4 T cells, prognosi
From Design to Social Design: Competitions, Practices and Boundaries of Social Design
No full textThe study focuses on the Social Design category of the Young Pin Design Award. Drawing on discussions in the field of Science and Technology Studies (STS) regarding network construction and professional boundaries, this paper analyzes the establishment of the Social Design category within the Young Pin Design Award. It explores how this category demarcates itself from general design, examines the process of social design practice within the design field, and investigates how designers connect heterogeneous elements, build design networks, create social design works, and participate in competitions.
Firstly, regarding the boundary-setting in the competition, this study finds that the presented social design in the competition is limited due to its exclusive focus on design students. Thus, the showcased designs only represent a fraction of social design. The criterion for evaluating social design works in the competition vary based on the composition of the judging panel, reflecting different interpretations of social design. Like the indeterminate characteristics of the design field, the standards for social design in the competition are not explicitly defined by the organizers and judges. Instead, these standards are demonstrated through the selected award-winning works, making the competition a platform for judges to vie and showcase their respective definitions of social design.
Secondly, the paper analyzes the networks constructed by social design works in practice. These networks, characterized by three features\ue2design-centricity, departure from conventional design attempts, and active response to the competition\ue2echo the understandings of social design in the context of the Young Pin Design Award and the broader design field. These networks showcase how design objects inherently embody design perspectives, depict the process of educators and students understanding and attempting social design creations, and demonstrate how active responses to the competition can achieve multiple educational, research, and enrollment-related goals.
In conclusion, the understanding and definition of social design within the competition result from negotiations and boundary-setting among diverse actors such as participants, judges, and organizers. The social design competition establishes a buffer between the design and social design domains, employing loose selection rules and judges with varying interpretations of social design to maintain space for innovative social design within the design field. Participants, by understanding award-winning works and translating them into their own submissions, continuously contribute to the demarcation of social design. Within the context of design education, educators and students also generate various types of social design networks through existing resources to respond to the new changes social design brings to the design field, showcasing the diverse possibilities for the practical implementation of social design
To be yourself, but which self? Exploring gay leadership in workplaces
No full textIn recent years, the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons have drawn increasing attention in the field of organizational behavior. Some emerging research streams include the career choice among LGBT, the decision on coming out at work, and the discrimination again LGBT in the workplaces. However, little attention has been paid to the intersection between leadership and LGBT persons. The present research fills this gap by exploring 27 Taiwanese gay managers\ue2 life stories as well as their lived experiences as a leader in the workplaces. My analysis suggests that their leadership is centered on two guiding principles: \ue2protecting oneself\ue2 and \ue2showing respect for others\ue2. Implications and my reflections are also discussed
Discrete Element Analysis on Mechanical Properties of Ballast Bed by Tamping in Railway Turnout Areas
No full textTurnout is the key component of the railway tracks for trains to change direction, which is vital to operational safety and passenger comfort. Therefore, it is of great importance to perform a scientific and reasonable tamping operation for turnout areas. In this paper, based on the commercial software EDEM and RECURDYN, a coupled simulation model of the large machine tamping device-rail-sleeper-ballast bed in the turnout area is jointly established, and the correctness of the model is verified by the test results of the lateral resistance of the ballast bed. The influence of tamping operation on the macro-and micromechanical properties of ballast bed at the switching part of railway turnout areas is studied and recommendations for the optimization of tamping operation are proposed. The results show that in the squeezing stage, strong force chains are distributed concentrately under sleepers, where the distribution range is approximately elliptical with a depth of 150 mm. After tamping, only the 200-mm ballast under the sleepers is compacted, where the compactness is increased by 5.9%. On the contrary, the compactness of the ballast in the sleeper crib is reduced by 27.4%, which is the weakest part. To ensure favorable tamping quality, the tamping sequence at the switching part of railway turnout areas is suggested to be conducted in order of first through track and then diverging track.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Mechanics and Physics of Structure
Studies on Ru Catalyst Immobilization for Olefin Metathesis and Elucidation of Biosynthetic Mechanism of Macrocyclic Polyketide
No full text논문의 연구는 크게 4 가지의 다른 주제로 구성되어 있다: Part I 의 주제는 ring-closing metathesis 반응에 사용될 새로운 타입의 재사용이 가능한 self-supported 고분자 Ru-carbene 복합체에 관한 연구이고, Part II 는 ring-closing metathesis 와 cross metathesis 반응에 사용될 imidazolium ion-tagged Ru-carbene 복합체에 관한 내용이다. Part III 에서는 이온성 액체를 사용하여 latent Ru-복합체를 in situ activation 시킨 후 ring-closing metathesis 반응에 적용시킨 것에 관한 내용이며, 마지막 Part IV 의 주제는 macrocyclic polyketide 의 생합성 메커니즘에 관한 연구이다.
Part I 는 release-return 메커니즘에 근거하여 ring-closing metathesis 반응 중에는 균일계 촉매로 작용하고 반응이 끝난 후에는 불균일계 회수가 가능한 두종류의 self-supported Grubbs/Hoveyda-타입 Ru-carbene 복합체를 디자인하고 합성하였다. 이러한 새로운 유형의 재사용 가능한 self-supported Ru-복합체를 조사하던 과정에서 binuclear Ru-복합체가 mononuclear Ru-복합체보다 반응성이 더 높다는 사실과 Hoveyda 의 1^(st) generation 타입 Ru-복합체의 반응성이 온도와 정비례하지 않는 다는 점을 알아냈다.
Part II 는 isopropoxy 그룹에 imidazolium tag 를 연결한 새로운 Hoveyda-타입 Ru-복합체를 합성한 후, 이온성 액체내에서 ring-closing metathesis (RCM) 과 cross metathesis (CM) 반응의 반응성과 재 사용성을 조사한 결과 다양한 dienes의 RCM 반응에 뛰어난 촉매 반응성을 보였다. 그리고 이 촉매에 재 사용성은 imidazolium tags 의 tether 길이와 구조, 이온성 액체의 종류와 이온성 액체용매 시스템에 큰 영향을 받았다.
Part III 는 촉매반응에 비활성인 Ru-carboxylate 복합체를 1 당량의 162 imidazolium halide 와 tetrabutyl ammonium halide 를 첨가하여 이온성 액체 내에서 효과적으로 in situ activation 시켰다. In suit activated 촉매의 반응성은 이온성 액체의 음이온, imidazolium halides 와 tetrabutylammonium halides 에 크게 영향을 받는다. 최적 조건에서 latent Ru 복합체는 다양한 dienes 의 ring-closing metathesis 반응에서 in situ activation 을 통하여 >99% 이상의 conversion 수율을 보였다.
Part IV 는 macrocyclic polyketide 에 대해 소개하고 allylmalonyl extender 단위 생합성을 위한 경로에 관한 연구이다. Macrocyclic polyketide 의 생합성 메커니즘을 설명하기 위해, 유전자 deletion, 화학적 complementation 실험을 수행하였고, 이러한 모든 데이터는 이 논문에서 제시한 경로를 잘 지지하고 있다.;Four different parts are comprised in this thesis: Part I is self-supported, polymeric Ru-carbene complexes for ring-closing metathesis; Part II is imidazolium ion-tagged Ru-carbene complexes for ring-closing metathesis and cross metathesis; Part III is mainly about in situ activation of a latent Ru-carbene complex in ionic liquid and its application in ring-closing metathesis; Part IV is the elucidation of biosynthetic mechanism of macrocyclic polyketide.
In the first part, on the basis of the release-return metathesis mechanism, two different types of self-supported Grubbs/Hoveyda-type Ru-carbene complexes have been designed and synthesized, which catalyzed the ring-closing metathesis homogeneously, but recovered heterogeneously. It has been found that the binuclear Ru-complexes exhibited slightly higher catalytic activity than the corresponding mononuclear Ru-complexes, and the unusual inverse temperature dependency of the Hoveyda’s 1^(st) generation-type Ru-complexes.
In the second part, novel Hoveyda-type Ru-carbene complexes tethering imidazolium tags at chelating isopropoxy group have been synthesized and investigated their catalytic activities and recyclabilities in ring-closing metathesis (RCM) and cross metathesis (CM) in ionic liquids. They showed excellent catalytic activities for RCM of various dienes. The recyclabilities of these catalysts are largely dependent on tether length, structures of imidazolium tags, ionic liquids, and the composition of the ionic liquid solvent systems.
In the third part, catalytically inactive, latent Ru-carboxylate complex, which was recently serendipitously isolated, can be activated in situ efficiently in ionic liquids (ILs) with the aid of imidazolium halides or tetrabutylammonium halides. The activity of the in situ activated catalyst was largely dependent on ionic liquid anions, imidazolium halides, and tetrabutylammonium halides. Under the optimal condition, the latent Ru complex was activated in situ to catalyze the ring-closing metathesis of various dienes with conversions of up to 99%.
In the fourth part, it has been introduced macrocyclic polyketide and proposed the pathway for allylmalonyl extender unit biosynthesis. To elucidate the biosynthetic mechanism of FK506, a variety of carboxylic acids and their derivatives of N-acetylcysteamine, thiophenol and CoA, which have been utilized for the gene deletion, chemical complementation experiment to elucidate the biosynthetic pathway for allylmalonyl extender unit.Part I. Self-Supported, Polymeric Ru-Carbene Complexes for Ring-Closing Metathesis = 2
1.1. Introduction = 2
1.2. Results and Discussion = 8
<1> Section 1 = 8
1.2. <1>-1. Synthesis of self-supported Ru-carbene complexes (Type A) = 8
1.2. <1>-2. The catalytic activities and reusabilities of Ru-carbene Complexes = 14
<2> Section 2 = 19
1.2. <2>-1. Synthesis of homo-coupled, polymeric Ru-carbene complex (Type B) = 19
1.2. <2>-2. Reusability of the polymeric Ru-carbene complex = 22
1.3. Conclusion = 24
1.4. Experimental = 25
1.4.1. General = 25
1.4.2. Synthesis = 25
<1> Section 1: Synthesis of self-supported Ru-carbene complex (Type A) = 25
<2> Section 2: Synthesis of self-supported Ru-carbene complex (Type B) = 33
1.5. References = 36
1.6. Appendixes = 37
1.7. Abstract = 48
Part II. Novel Imidazolium Ion-Tagged Ru-Carbene Complexes: Synthesis and Applications for Olefin Metathesis = 51
2.1. Introduction = 52
2.2. Results and Discussion = 53
2.2.1. Synthesis of the imidazolium-tagged Ru-complexes 15, 20 and 21 = 53
2.2.2. Ring-closing metathesis in ionic liquids using imidazolium-tagged Ru-complexes 15, 20 and 21 = 55
2.2.3. Activity and recyclability of imidazolium-tagged Ru-complexes in olefin cross-metathesis = 60
2.3. Conclusion = 62
2.4. Experimental = 63
2.4.1. General = 63
2.4.2. Materials = 63
2.4.3. Synthesis = 64
<1> Section 1: Synthesis of imidazolium-tagged Ru-carbene complexes = 64
<2> Section 2: Synthesis of substrates and ionic liquids = 75
2.5. References = 82
2.6. Appendixes = 83
2.7. Abstract = 104
Part III. In Situ Activation of a Latent Ru-Carbene Complex in Ionic Liquids and Its Application in RCM = 105
3.1. Introduction = 106
3.2. Results and Discussion = 108
3.3.1. Synthesis of imidazolium-tagged styrenyl ester ligands 8 and 9 = 108
3.3.2. Synthesis of Ru complex 2 = 109
3.3.3. In situ activation of Ru complex 2 in ionic liquid = 111
3.3. Conclusion = 117
3.4. Experimental = 118
3.4.1. General = 118
3.4.2. Synthesis = 119
<1> Section 1: Synthesis of ligands 8 and 9 = 119
<2> Section 2: Synthesis of Ru complex 2 = 123
3.5. References = 125
3.6. Appendixes = 126
3.7. Abstract = 134
Part IV. Elucidation of Biosynthetic Mechanism of Macrocyclic Polyketide = 135
4.1. Introduction = 136
4.2. Results and Discussion = 141
4.3. Conclusion = 143
4.4. Experimental = 144
4.4.1. General = 144
4.4.2. Synthesis = 145
4.5. References = 151
4.6. Appendixes = 152
4.7. Abstract = 160
Abstract (Korean) = 161
Acknowledgement = 16
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