1,721,019 research outputs found
Effect of ginger essential oil on the physiological functions of hepatoma cells and normal hepatocytes
No full text本研究採用南投縣所栽培之生薑（Zingiber officinale Roscoe），以水蒸氣蒸餾法所萃取之薑精油為實驗材料，以 MTT assay 來探討不同濃度的薑精油對於人類肝癌細胞株Hep G2與Hep 3B之抑制率。並採用大白鼠初代肝細胞之分離與培養為實驗模式，探討不同濃度之薑精油對大白鼠初代肝細胞生存力、抗氧化及解毒代謝能力之影響。實驗結果顯示，薑精油平均萃取率為0.16％。經由GC-MS分析，精油成份含有高量的萜烯類碳氫化合物，尤以香葉醛(geranial)含量高達25.2％，香茅醇(citronellol)次之，約為18.7％。對於肝癌細胞株Hep G2而言，低濃度10 μg/ml薑精油處理24小時後無顯著性抑制效果，而50~200 μg/ml薑精油處理下則能顯著性抑制肝癌細胞Hep G2之增生。IC50為93.3 μg/ml。而高濃度100~200 μg/ml薑精油處理肝癌細胞Hep 3B 24小時後細胞生存力抑制率皆顯著高於控制組(p＜0.05)，IC50為185.7 μg/ml。可見薑精油對於肝癌細胞Hep G2之抑制效果較Hep 3B好。在薑精油低濃度（50 μg/ml）情況下，對於肝癌細胞Hep G2有28.1％生長抑制效果，但對正常大白鼠初代肝細胞則無細胞毒性。而當薑精油濃度0-100 μg/ml時，對於正常大白鼠初代肝細胞的TBARS值無影響，也就表示0-100 μg/ml的薑精油不會誘發正常大白鼠初代肝細胞的脂質過氧化。另一方面，2.5 μg/ml的薑精油則能顯著增加正常初代肝細胞的麩胱甘肽(glutathione, GSH)含量，並且提升抗氧化及解毒代謝系統的麩胱甘肽過氧化酶(glutathione peroxidase) 以及麩胱甘肽還原酶(glutathione reductase)的活性。Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of various concentrations of ginger essential oil on cell viability, antioxidation and detoxification system in hepatoma cells, Hep G2 and Hep 3B, and primary rat hepatocytes. Ginger essential oil (GEO) was extracted from Zingiber officinale Roscoe by steam distillation. The cell viability of hepatoma cell lines Hep G2 and Hep 3B, which were treated with various concentrations of GEO, was investigated by MTT assay. In addition, the cell viability, antioxidation and detoxification systems of primary rat hepatocytes treated with various concentrations of GEO were also investigated. Results showed that the average yield of extraction of fresh ginger was 0.16%, the major components of the GEO were geranial (25.2 %) and citronellol (18.7 %) in GEO based on the GC-MS analysis. In MTT assay, when the Hep 3B cells were treated with high concentrations of GEO (100~200 μg/ml) for 24 hours, the inhibition percentages were significantly higher than that of the control (p＜0.05). The IC50 of Hep 3B was around 173 μg/ml of GEO. For Hep G2 treated with 50~200 μg/ml of GEO, inhibition percentages of cell viability were also significantly higher than that of the control (p＜0.05). The IC50 of Hep G2 was about 94.2 μg/ml of GEO. These results supgested that the inhibition effect of GEO on Hep G2 was much better than on Hep 3B. Under low concentration of GEO (50目錄
薑精油對肝癌細胞及正常大白鼠初代肝細胞生理機能之影響
中文摘要………………………………………………………………..1
英文摘要………………………………………………………………..2
研究動機………………………………………………………………..4
實驗架構………………………………………………………………..7
第一章：前言…………………………………………………………..8
第二章：文獻回顧………………………………………………………9
第一節：薑………………………………………………………………9
(一) 簡介…………………………………………………..9
(二) 成分………………………………………………....10
(三) 精油………………………………………………....10
第二節：肝癌…………………………………………………………12
(一) 簡介…………………………………………………14
(二) 分類…………………………………………………15
第三節：薑的幼纂K…………………………………………………17
(一) 降低噁心嘔吐………………………………………17
(二) 促進腸胃弁遄K……………………………………20
(三) 抗氧化作用…………………………………………21
(四) 促進血液循環………………………………………23
(五) 抑制血小板凝集…………………………………....23
(六) 抗菌及抗蟲…………………………………………25
(七) 改善心血管疾病……………………………………26
(八) 促進肝弁遄K………………………………………27
(九) 抗癌…………………………………………………28
(十) 其他………………………………………………....32
第三章：材料與方法：……………………………………………..34
第一部分：薑精油對肝癌細胞之影響
一、 實驗材料……………………………………………………….34
二、 肝癌細胞株…………………………………………………….34
三、 樣品之處理…………………………………………………….35
四、 肝癌細胞形態觀察與生存力之分析………………………….35
第二部分：薑精油對正常大白鼠初代肝細胞生理機能之影響
一、 實驗材料……………………………………………………….36
二、 實驗動物之飼養……………………………………………….38
三、 大白鼠初代肝細胞之分離與培養…………………………….38
四、 樣品之處理…………………………………………………….39
五、 大白鼠初代肝細胞形態觀察與生存力之分析………………..39
六、 脂質過氧化測定………………………………………………..40
七、 大白鼠初代肝細胞內還原態麩胱甘肽（glutathione, GSH）之分析………………………………………………………………..40
八、 大白鼠初代肝細胞內麩胱甘肽過氧化酶（glutathione peroxidase, GPx）活性之分析………………………………………………42
九、 大白鼠初代肝細胞內麩胱甘肽還原酶（glutathione reductase, GRd）活性之分析……………………………………………...42
十、 大白鼠初代肝細胞內麩胱甘肽硫轉移酶（glutathione S-transferase, GST）活性之分析………………………………43
十一、 蛋白質濃度測定……………………………………………..44
十二、 統計分析……………………………………………………..44
第四章：結果與討論
一、 薑精油揮發性成分之分析……………………………………...45
二、 薑精油對肝癌細胞之影響……………………………………...46
三、 大白鼠初代肝細胞形態觀察與生存力之分析 ……………….51
四、 各種不同濃度薑精油處理正常大白鼠初代肝細胞對脂質過氧化之影響………………………………………………………...51
五、 正常大白鼠初代肝細胞內還原態麩胱甘肽（glutathione, GSH）之分析結果……………………………………………………...53
六、 不同濃度薑精油對大白鼠初代肝細胞內麩胱甘肽過氧化酶（GPx）活性之分析…………………………………………….54
七、 不同濃度薑精油對大白鼠初代肝細胞內麩胱甘肽還原酶（GRd）活性之分析……………………………………………………...55
八、 不同濃度薑精油對大白鼠初代肝細胞內麩胱甘肽硫轉移酶（GST）活性之分析…………………………………………….55
第五章：結論………………………………………………………….56
參考文獻……………………………………………………………....7
Design and Implementation of Envelope Tracking Power Supply
No full text本論文之研究目的為封包追蹤電源供應器(Envelope Tracking Power Supply，ETPS)之研製，使用封包追蹤技術產生變動電源，取代傳統定電源供給之線性功率放大器以提升其效率。在封包追蹤功率放大器系統中，ETPS之輸出封包與功率放大器輸出之放大訊號，此兩電壓之不同步使功率放大器無法操作於最高效率。一般解決方式是將傳輸之原始訊號經延遲處理得延遲訊號，再使該兩電壓同步。但此方式使原始訊號需經訊號處理，所得之延遲訊號與原始訊號會產生差異。因此，本論文提出不需處理原始訊號之領前封包訊號法，利用簡易實現之相位領前電路，使ETPS之輸出封包盡量與PA之放大訊號兩電壓同步。本論文中，亦對ETPS造成輸出封包與原始訊號之封包訊號間之相位差進行數學分析與電路模擬，探討造成此相位差的原因。最後以操作於1MHz切換頻率，25W之降壓型ETPS硬體電路實驗結果驗證ETPS及領前封包訊號法之可行性。In this thesis, an envelope tracking power supply (ETPS) using envelope tracking tecknique is proposed to improve the efficiency of a linear power amplifier by producing a changeable voltage supply instead of the conventional constant voltage supply. In an envelope tracking power amplifier system, the nonsynchronization of the two voltages, envelope output produced by the ETPS and amplified signal produced by the power amplifier, causing the problem of degrading the power amplifier efficiency. Delaying the transmitted original signal for a delay time to synchronize two voltages remains the general solution. However, the delayed signal may not be totally identical to the original signal due to the signal processing. Therefore, a solution which the original signal without being processed named leading envelope signal scheme with a simple implemented phase lead circuit to synchronize two voltages is proposed in this thesis. In addition, mathematical analysis and circuit simulations are carried out to discuss the factors of the phase difference caused by the proposed ETPS between the envelope output and the envelope signal of the original signal. Finally, the hardware implementation of a 25W Buck type ETPS operating at 1MHz switching frequency is proposed to verify the feasibility of the ETPS and leading envelope signal scheme
Solving the Author Problem of \ue2Dream of the Red Chamber\ue2 with the Writing Style Indicator
No full textThe question of whether the number of authors of \ue2Dream of the Red Chamber\ue2 is only one or not has been discussed extensively since 1750. To clarify the number of authors of the book, in this thesis, we take some ideas of previous studies and conduct experiments with machine learning classifiers with various features (word count, word frequency, sentence pattern, change points, etc.). Finally, we find that feature selection is more important than a classifier itself.
We figure out the property for revealing the nature of the writing habits of different authors, and formulating the writing style categories. We use CkipTagger of Academia Sinica in Taiwan to break words and give word-based labels, and then organize 61 kinds of words into 45 writing style categories. Our writing style categories could correctly distinguish the same type of books of different authors, but it is difficult to distinguish the same type of books of the same author. This result means that our writing style categories could correctly analyze the writing styles and distinguish the habits of different authors. In addition, to test the effectiveness of the writing style categories, we apply SVM (support vector machine) classifier and Tanimoto similarity to the experiments on the same type of books of the same author. The result shows that the writing style categories is more stable than other features. Then we perform three experiments of the same author from same books, the same author from different books, and different authors. These are carried out for 42 control group novels. Then the corresponding SVM accuracy and Tanimoto value range are obtained as the writing style indicator. Finally, we perform the same experiments on the first 80 episodes and the last 40 episodes of \ue2Dream of the Red Chamber\ue2. According to the experimental results, we conclude that the question of whether there is one or more than one authors in the entire book of \ue2Dream of the Red Chamber\ue2 is inconclusive. We cannot prove that there is only one author, and we cannot prove that there are multiple authors either.
Based on this study, we develope a web application that compares the writing style similarity of the two texts on the following website:
http://par48.cse.nsysu.edu.tw:300
Effect of Taping on Shock Attenuation Capacity of the Heel Pad
No full text足跟墊具有特殊的組織結構與黏彈性質，故能有減少和吸收足部與地面撞擊所產生之衝量。一般咸信其避震功能受損是造成足跟疼痛症候群的原因之一。運動員常使用貼布來提供足跟墊外在的支撐，對足跟墊產生限制效應，將足跟周圍的脂肪組織往足底擠壓，以增加其減震和吸震能力，進而預防或治療足跟疼痛症候群。然而貼紮對於足跟墊的限制效應是否真能改變其形態及機械性質，進而影響其避震功能，迄今尚乏實證型研究。本研究計畫藉由超音波影像儀及荷重轉換器來檢測足跟疼痛者或一般健康成人在站立負載－卸載的過程中的足跟墊影像及負載之變化，其目的為評估足跟疼痛者與一般健康成人兩組的足跟墊在貼紮前後之厚度、受壓性指數和能量耗散率，以瞭解貼紮之限制效應對足跟墊機械性質的影響。
本研究屬於前瞻性的研究，為一擬實驗設計，共收取10 名足跟疼痛者與 10名年齡與身體質量指數與之配對之健康受測者的資料。每一位受測者站立在一測試平台上，重心先置於非測試足，實驗時以最快的速度將重心由非測試足移至待側足，再迅速移回非測試足，對待測足之足跟墊產生一個負載－卸載過程。以超音波影像儀擷取此負載－卸載過程中足跟墊應變的變化，同時並以荷重轉換器擷取應力的變化。測試狀況則為貼紮與否（無貼紮 vs. 貼紮）及雙腳（足跟疼痛者：疼痛足 vs. 非疼痛足；控制組：慣用足 vs. 非慣用足）等交叉成四種狀況。測試順序採區集隨機方式，以降低動作學習的效果。將所擷取的資料用來計算足跟墊厚度、受壓性指數、和能量耗散率，以比較受測者足跟墊的機械性質。統計方法採用2The unique architecture and viscoelastic properties of the heel pad provide reduction and absorption of the impact forces acting on the heel, such as heel strike. Loss of shock attenuation capacity has been documented as one of the predisposing factors of plantar heel pain. Providing a confinement effect to the heel pad by constraining its lateral and medial margins, the heel pad taping is a common method to reduce or prevent plantar heel pain, especially for the athletes. There is, however, no scientific evidence to explore the effects of taping on the shock attenuation capacity of the heel pad. The purpose of this study was to determine the confinement effect of taping on the shock attenuation capacity of the heel pad in both patients with plantar heel pain and healthy adults. The shock attenuation capacity of the heel pad was characterized by its thickness, compression index (CI), and energy dissipation rate (EDR).
The present study is a prospective quasi-experiment design. Ten patients with unilateral plantar heel pain and 10 age- and BMI-matched controls were tested using a novel technique that ultrasonography incorporated with the load cell to record heel pad thickness and the synchronized impact force. The task performed by the participants was a dynamic loading-unloading test. Each participant was asked to stand on a testing platform and shift the whole body weight from one foot to the other and then back to the original one as fast as possible for creating a dynamic loading-unloading process to the heel pad. There were 4 testing conditions, including a combination of 2 taping (taped vs. untapped) and both feet (affected foot vs. intact foot for the patient group and dominant vs. non-dominant foot for the control group) conditions. The testing order was selected according to a randomized block design for minimizing the learning effect. The 2目錄
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 III
第一章、前 言 1
第一節、研究背景與動機 1
第二節、研究目的 5
第三節、研究問題與研究假說 6
第四節、名詞解釋 8
第二章、文獻回顧 10
第一節、足跟墊的特性 10
第二節、足跟疼痛症候群的臨床症狀及治療 14
第三節、足跟墊機械性質的量測 17
第四節、超音波影像之原理 20
第三章、研究方法 23
第一節、研究設計 23
第二節、受測者 24
第三節、實驗儀器與設備 25
第四節、系統校正方法 26
第五節、實驗步驟 27
第六節、影像與負載訊號處理與分析 28
第七節、統計分析 31
第四章、結果 33
第一節、系統校正結果 33
第二節、受測者之基本資料分析 34
第三節、應力—應變關係圖 35
第四節、貼紮對足跟墊機械性質之影響 36
第五章、討論 41
第一節、馬蹄形貼紮對足跟墊的影響 41
第二節、足跟疼痛者的足跟墊之形態與機械性質的變化 45
第三節、本研究的優點與貢獻 46
第四節、本研究的限制 48
第五節、未來研究的方向 49
第六章、結論 51
參考文獻 52
圖 58
表 7
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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