1,721,176 research outputs found

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Development of Functional Mushrooms and their Applications

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    二十一世紀是生技開花的時代,而台灣生技發展旺盛的菇菌類產品受到各界的青睬。本文主要敘述一些菇菌創新製程與生產研發的成功案例,其中將不起眼的黑木耳農產品經過特殊的萃取濃縮與奈米技術原理製作,轉化成高效率與高價值的商品化產品。食藥用菇類菌種液體發酵生產的胞外多醣體,成功地加工製成機能性菇蕈多醣體飲品,並且將菌絲體與附著在菌絲體表面的多醣體,研發製成養生錠。利用菇類菌種培養於中草藥材上,篩選特定的功能組合,透過細胞株及動物試驗開發新產品,也為菇菌發展出另一個創新事業。台灣國寶樟芝菌絲體發酵產品幾乎覆蓋原有靈芝市場的光茫芒,而樟芝子實體段椴木人工植菌栽培成功,又為樟芝生產研發與市場定位,投下另一個變數。桑黃已在日本風行一段時間,台灣仍未見其功,但未來台灣極有可能蔚為流行。最後本文回歸全球最大的洋菇等土生食用菇生產事業,此類土生菌栽培創新技術的突破,或許可提供幾十年來菇菌類栽培未有的窮變思維。 Twenty First Century is the time for the development of biotechnology. The abundant health foods designed and produced from mushrooms are well developed in Taiwan. In this paper will introduce some new cases on innovative processes and products, inclusive of common jelly fungus, Auricularia polytricha, making of highly valuable product, fermented exopolysaccharides making of health drinker, residue of mycelia making of commercial tablets, Chinese herbs fermented with Taiwanfungus camphoratus to make of functional product on liver protection proved by preclinical experiment, new technique on the cultivation of T. camphoratus by wood-log successfully changing the market, as well as the innovation of casing substitute on soil born mushroom cultivation for reducing heavy metal absorption may changing the history

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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