140,563 research outputs found
The implications of information processing efficiency on decision making
No full textThis thesis investigates the implications of information processing efficiency on decision making with respect to the ability of decision makers to process information in a rational and timely manner. In order to examine the different aspects of information efficiency with respect to decision making, three different settings were used. First, attitudes and perceptions held by individual decision makers play an important role in the information processing stage of a decision. Therefore, the first thrust of this thesis seeks to investigate the impact of demographic characteristics of decision makers (socially responsible investors (SRIs)) on their attitudes and perceptions (in relation to their corporate social responsibility (CSR) views). The results show that demographic characteristics are useful predictors of CSR views held by SRIs. This implies that companies can reduce their cost of capital by attracting the affluent members of SRIs community and increase their CSR rankings by creating diversity in their corporate boardrooms. These efforts, if undertaken by companies, can help increase share price of the respective companies. Government agencies can also encourage companies to implement CSR agendas by requiring companies to implement CSR agendas which will appeal to the specific members in the SRIs community (clientele effect). Second, the ability of decision makers to process information in a rational manner can be seriously undermined when decision makers are expected to match the different motivations underlying their own or others? objectives with the multiple choices which are available to them. In the second thrust of the thesis, a state contingent (UK horseracing pari-mutuel betting market) with multi-competitor choices is used to illustrate the discovery of the determinants of demand (day-of-the-week, weekend, public holiday, number of races in the same hour, field size, televised races, flat and jump races, race quality, timing of the race during the day, insider trading, track conditions, bookmakers? over-round and risk attitude of bettors) unique to different groups of decision makers (bettors). The results demonstrate that unique sets of determinants can be used to identify the different types of decision makers (that is, sophisticated and unsophisticated bettors). Clearly, the discovery of these unique determinants for demand can be used by the respective authorities (British Horseracing Board, Horseracing Betting Levy and Tote boards) in deciding which variables are important to influence the behavior of the respective decision makers (bettors and horseracing authorities). Third, decision makers ought to be able to arrive at a decision in a timely manner. The third thrust of this thesis attempts to investigate the speed of adjustment with respect to the arrival of new and unexpected information in understanding the financial integration process in the Asia Pacific region (APR). Using stock market capitalization as a measure of equity market size, it was also found that more advanced equity markets are more informationally efficient that those less advanced equity markets possibly due to the fact that the infrastructure which supports information flow enables information to be easily accessible by investors for decision making. The results suggest that a more integrated equity market in the APR can lead to a greater speed of adjustment with respect to information shocks. Therefore, domestic governments have a role to play in ensuring the necessary infrastructure to facilitate information flow is improved and better integrated with neighbouring equity markets. Finally, the thesis concludes that demographic characteristics play an important role in influencing the rational information processing involved in decision making by individuals. When confronted with choices, decision makers are affected by their various motivations and those who seek to capitalise on others? decisions need to be aware of these motivations. In addition, the infrastructure on which information flows is essential in influencing the speed at which information is processe
Grape seed extract: a potential adjunct to chemotherapy?
No full textKer Y Cheah, Gordon S Howarth, Susan EP Bastia
Survey and qualitative study of the impact of COVID-19 public health measures on people living in Thailand, Malaysia, Italy, United Kingdom and Slovenia (SEBCOV study)
No full textThis set of slides was presented by Professor Phaik Yeong Cheah on behalf of the International SEBCOV team at the International Pandemic Sciences Conference, 10 & 11th July 2023 in Oxford. These slides contain a summary of the following publications arising from the SEBCOV study.
1.SEBCOV study protocol: Pan-ngum W, Poomchaichote T, Cuman G et al. Social, ethical and behavioural aspects of COVID-19. Wellcome Open Research 2020, 5:90
2.Cross-country quantitative results: Osterrieder A, Cuman G, Pan-Ngum W, et al. Economic and social impacts of COVID-19 and public health measures: results from an anonymous online survey in Thailand, Malaysia, the UK, Italy and Slovenia. BMJ Open 2021;11:e046863. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046863
3.Cross-country qualitative results: Schneiders ML, Naemiratch B, Cheah PK, Cuman G, Poomchaichote T, et al. (2022) The impact of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions on the lived experiences of people living in Thailand, Malaysia, Italy and the United Kingdom: A cross-country qualitative study. PLOS ONE 17(1): e0262421.
4.Thai quantitative results: Pan-ngum W, Poomchaichote T, Peerawaranun P et al. Perspectives on public health interventions in the management of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand [version 3; peer review: 2 approved]. Wellcome Open Research 2021, 5:245
5.Thai qualitative results: Naemiratch B, Schneiders ML, Poomchaichote T, Ruangkajorn S, Osterrieder A, et al. (2022) “Like a wake-up call for humankind”: Views, challenges, and coping strategies related to public health measures during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Thailand. PLOS Global Public Health 2(7): e0000723.
6.Malaysian qualitative results: Cheah, P.K., Jalloh, M.B., Cheah, PK. et al. Experiences, coping strategies and perspectives of people in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health 23, 1085 (2023).
7.Malaysian quantitative results: Cheah, P. K., Cheah, P. K., Ongkili, D., Osterrieder , A., Poomchaichote , T., Waithira, N., Mukaka, M. and Cheah, P. Y. (2021) “COVID-19: Comparison of situational factors between healthcare workers and non-healthcare workers in East Malaysia”, Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 21(1), pp. 90-95
8.UK qualitative results: Schneiders ML, Mackworth-Young CRS and Cheah PY. Between division and connection: a qualitative study of the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on social relationships in the United Kingdom [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]. Wellcome Open Research 2022, 7:
Comparative effects of mistletoe extracts and 5-Fluorouracil chemotherapy on viability of Caco-2 and IEC-6 intestinal epithelial cells
No full textPoster PresentationZahra Lotfollahi, Gordon S Howarth, Ljubov Simson, Ker Y Cheah and Susan EP Bastia
Effects of grape seed extract in a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease
No full textTMV Acott, K-Y Cheah, KA Lymn, SEP Bastian, RN Butler, GS Howart
Background music and cognitive task performance: systematic review dataset
No full textThis repository contains the raw data used for a systematic review on the impact of background music on cognitive task performance (Cheah et al., 2022: https://doi.org/10.1177/20592043221134392). Our intention is to facilitate future updates to this work
WAVE NUMBERS, STRENGTHS, WIDTHS AND SHIFTS WITH PRESSURE OF LINES OF IN SYSTEMS a AND
No full textS.-L. Cheah, Y.-P. Lee and J. F. Ogilvie, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiative Transfer, 64, 467-482 (2000)Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University; Centre for Experimental and Constructive Mathematics, Department of Mathematics, Simon Fraser UniversityAnalysis of newly measured spectral for wave number and intensities of transitions of in absorption in systems and with proper statistical treatment yields band parameters for excited states, based on parameters for the ground vibrational state valid up to , that are the most precise ( respectively) in published form, and strengths of lines that are internally consistent and in satisfactory agreement with other published values
Black patients sustain vision loss while White and South Asian patients gain vision following delamination or segmentation surgery for tractional complications associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
No full textPurposeThis retrospective comparative case series aims to determine whether patient ethnicity (White versus South Asian versus Black) is related to the outcome of surgical treatment for traction complications of severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).SettingMoorfields Eye Hospital London, UK.MethodsAll patients who underwent vitrectomy with, delamination and/or segmentation for PDR over a 5-year period (2009-2014) were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were divided into White, South Asian or Black groups, and their age, gender, HbA1C and type of diabetes were recorded. A total of 484 patients (253 White, 117 South Asian, 114 Black) were included. Twenty-one patients were excluded due to inadequate documentation.OutcomesLogMAR Visual acuity (converted from Snellen) (VA), was recorded pre-operatively and ~6 months post surgery (range 5-8 months). Surgical outcome was classified according to the type and duration of tamponade required post-operatively.ResultsPre-operative VA and HbA1C values were similar across all three ethnic groups (P=0.64 and 0.569, respectively). Change in VA (mean±SD) was 0.41±0.78, 0.14±0.76 and -0.26±0.57 in White, South Asian and Black patient groups respectively (P<0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that post-op VA was significantly related to race and pre-op VA only (both P<0.001). The Black patient group were more likely to require silicone oil tamponade (P<0.001) and long-term retention of silicone oil (P<0.001) than the White and South Asian patient groups.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that Black patients on average lose vision following delamination surgery for traction complications of PDR while White and South Asian patients gain vision. The same group is also at higher risk of retaining silicone more than 6 months after surgery. This difference remains even when corrected for glycaemic control. The higher risk of visual loss and long-term retention of silicone oil in black patients requires further investigation. If these results are confirmed, surgeons should consider their patients' ethnicity before proceeding with surgical treatment of diabetic tractional detachment
Spatially-localized time dependent solutions including turbulence and their interactions in 2D Kolmogorov flow
No full textIn 2D Kolmogorov flow in small aspect ratio domains, spatially-localized solutions such as kink, traveling or time-dependent kink-antikink pars coexist. However, the conservation of the flow rate in the y direction strongly restrict combination of localized solutions and their positioning. We find that by adding a homogeneous flow U y their positioning is controlled and each of localized solutions including a spatially-localized chaos is isolated. Numerical results suggest that these isolated solutions can be elements constructing a whole flow
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