23 research outputs found
EV Charging Slot Availability Prediction
No full textEV’s are increasing at a very fast rate all around the world and just like petrol pump there is a need for electric travel charging station. The study suggest EV charging slot prediction with the help of machine learning model to predict the charging behavior of electric vehicles. Our study shows the availability of charging station which can help in the optimization of charging for various vehicles and solve problem like optimal charging time, minimum charging cost, optimal duration to charge the vehicle. Machine learning algorithms and data mining techniques are used on a live data set. Study shows the use data imbalanced algorithm SMOTE and with a lot of data cleaning the study shows that KNN model was able to predict the slot availability with maximum accuracy. The models are evaluated on various metrics and KNN shows maximum values in Accuracy, Precison, Recalll and F1-score
Kinetics of Spontaneous and EF-G-Accelerated Rotation of Ribosomal Subunits
No full textSummaryRibosome dynamics play an important role in translation. The rotation of the ribosomal subunits relative to one another is essential for tRNA-mRNA translocation. An important unresolved question is whether subunit rotation limits the rate of translocation. Here, we monitor subunit rotation relative to peptide bond formation and translocation using ensemble kinetics and single-molecule FRET. We observe that spontaneous forward subunit rotation occurs at a rate of 40 s−1, independent of the rate of preceding peptide bond formation. Elongation factor G (EF-G) accelerates forward subunit rotation to 200 s−1. tRNA-mRNA movement is much slower (10–40 s−1), suggesting that forward subunit rotation does not limit the rate of translocation. The transition back to the non-rotated state of the ribosome kinetically coincides with tRNA-mRNA movement. Thus, large-scale movements of the ribosome are intrinsically rapid and gated by its ligands such as EF-G and tRNA
Mechanistic characterization of thin asphalt overlays for pavement preservation
No full textThin asphalt concrete (AC) overlays are generally used as a preservation treatment for rigid and flexible pavements to improve ride quality, extend service life, and reduce noise levels on pavements. However, compared to the conventional methods of mechanistic analysis, analyzing thin AC overlay is complicated as these layers are directly exposed to vehicular loading and environmental stimulations. The gradients of material properties resulting from aging and moisture damage, in addition to mix heterogeneity and complex microstructure, violate some of the basic assumptions of pavement evaluation used to date. The proposed research work aims to estimate the performance of thin AC overlays using a mechanistic approach addressing some of the existing complexities. Three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) simulations are developed, taking into account features such as vehicular loading, different layer thickness of the thin AC overlay, variation in material parameters, existing pavement condition, underlying layer condition, and temperature changes. Changes in the behavior of critical response parameters in the pavement structure give an idea about the characteristic features of the AC mixes used and the properties of layers when subjected to external loads. Asphalt concrete mix domains near the surface are analyzed to determine the impact of vehicular traffic on the durability of the mix used in thin overlay layers.
As expected, higher compression in the thin overlay was observed which gradually changed to a tensile behavior. For the thinnest overlay, high vertical strains were observed at the top of the subgrade layer. For all the responses evaluated, it was noticed that with an increase in the thickness of thin overlay, magnitude of the strains decreased. It was concluded from this analysis that overlay thickness is the principal factor affecting the performance of thin AC overlays.
In contrast to a fixed path analysis, domain analysis is an appropriate technique to quantify overlay damage. A study of subdomains created in the pavement layers proved that the zone nearest to the surface had higher compressive as well as shear strains. In addition, the bottom of the AC layer showed relatively high shear and tensile strains. A comparison with a pavement with no thin AC overlay showed that the overlaid pavement had lower compressive strains and lesser value of the average shear strains. With an increase in thickness of the thin overlay, a decrease in compressive and shear strains in the near surface region was observed. Majority of the AC layer displayed higher shear strains with increasing overlay thickness. For the region lying at the bottom of the subdomain, a decrease in the magnitude of pavement responses was recorded. When the existing condition of the pavement was considered, an increase in shear strains within the AC layer was noticed. In general, thin overlays may not contribute significantly to enhancing the structural performance of the pavement because of insufficient bulk strength. Hence, when thin overlay is used as a maintenance option, the pavement structure should be calculated carefully, considering traffic and environmental factors. A model was presented to calculate thin overlay service life.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2022-05-01The student, Heena Dhasmana, accepted the attached license on 2020-01-24 at 11:17.The student, Heena Dhasmana, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2020-01-24 at 11:26.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2020-01-24 at 14:54.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #14857 on 2020-08-25 at 17:26:29Made available in DSpace on 2020-08-26T23:51:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2020-01-24Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 115691
Lift date: 2022-08-26T23:51:32Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 115691
Lift date: 2022-08-26T23:54:40Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 115691
Lift date: 2022-08-26T23:55:59Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 115691
Lift date: 2022-08-26T23:57:28Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 115691
Lift date: 2022-08-26T23:58:55Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemAuthor requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Onl
Aicardi-Goutières syndrome-associated gene SAMHD1 preserves genome integrity by preventing R-loop formation at transcription–replication conflict regions
No full text© 2021 Park et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.The comorbid association of autoimmune diseases with cancers has been a major obstacle to successful anti-cancer treatment. Cancer survival rate decreases significantly in patients with preexisting autoimmunity. However, to date, the molecular and cellular profiles of such comorbidities are poorly understood. We used Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) as a model autoimmune disease and explored the underlying mechanisms of genome instability in AGS-associated-gene-deficient patient cells. We found that R-loops are highly enriched at transcription-replication conflict regions of the genome in fibroblast of patients bearing SAMHD1 mutation, which is the AGS-associated-gene mutation most frequently reported with tumor and malignancies. In SAMHD1-depleted cells, R-loops accumulated with the concomitant activation of DNA damage responses. Removal of R-loops in SAMHD1 deficiency reduced cellular responses to genome instability. Furthermore, downregulation of SAMHD1 expression is associated with various types of cancer and poor survival rate. Our findings suggest that SAMHD1 functions as a tumor suppressor by resolving R-loops, and thus, SAMHD1 and R-loop may be novel diagnostic markers and targets for patient stratification in anti-cancer therapy.11Nsciescopu
New approach to Synthesize α-Acetobromoglucose and its Reaction with Aromatic Alcohols
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
Characterization and performance of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes in capacitive deionization systems
No full textThesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 137-146).Less than 1% of the world's 1.4 billion km³ of water is available freshwater. In contrast, 98% of the world's water is in the form of brackish and seawater (1000-35,000 ppm or 10-600 mM NaCl concentration). Desalination can increase our water supplies, generating sufficient water for household, industrial, and agricultural uses and mitigating the escalating water crisis. As one strategy for water desalination, capacitive deionization (CDI) could prove optimal for brackish water treatment, due to its higher energy efficiencies compared to reverse osmosis and its more inherent resistance to fouling. CDI is a developing technology where adsorption capacity and salt removal rates into porous, tortuous carbon electrodes is still low. Previously, a breadth of carbon material electrodes have been investigated for CDI, due to their high surface area to volume ratio, high conductivity and non-corrosive property in salt water. However, many carbon materials have tortuous pores making it challenging to decouple the role of pore diameter on salt adsorption rate. To simplify the characterization of the electrode, we took advantage of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes (VA-CNTs). VA-CNTs are an exciting material for investigating the coupling of the electrode and ion transport in a flow-cell due to the ability to manipulate the inter-CNT spacing, to study changes in the ion transport rate as a function of geometry, while maintaining minimal tortuosity and intrinsic capacitance. In this work, we utilized monolithic VA-CNT forests to investigate the coupling of device geometry and porous electrode design on the performance of flow-by CDI devices, specifically examining changes in salt adsorption rate, salt adsorption capacity, and salt rejection. First, we designed and characterized VA-CNT electrodes using standard three-electrode beaker experiments. These VA-CNTs were grown using a standard chemical vapor deposition of ethylene on silicon wafers with iron catalyst. In addition, we mechanically densified these forests to achieve densities greater than 25x the density of as-grown forests. We measured the capacitance and impedance spectra of VA-CNT electrodes in 1M NaCl, finding that they have a capacitance of 22-35 F/g or 7-11 [mu]F/cm². From the impedance spectra, we used a modified transmission line model to calculate the inter-CNT spacings which are up to 100 nm in sparse forests, and as low as 25 nm in our high volume fraction forests. This simple electrochemical approach can be used to characterize electrodes and predict performance in flow-by CDI devices. Second, we used a flow-by CDI experimental set up to study the role of varying voltages, electrode thicknesses, and CNT densities, on desalination performance. We found that in a 1 mM NaCl solution, CNT electrodes adsorbed from 4-8 mg salt/g carbon, at rates of 0.2-0.4 mg/g-min. Through densification or reduction in electrode thickness, we could maintain our gravimetric salt adsorption while increasing or reducing the salt adsorption rate proportionally to the diffusion time constant. This demonstrated that desalination in these cells is limited by diffusion from the flow channel into the electrode. These investigations provide a framework for studying the performance of a CDI cell for a given electrode. Finally, we combined the experimental investigations with an advection-diffusion model to inform the design of carbon electrode materials for optimal ion adsorption and throughput in a flow-by CDI device. We developed a model that is dependent on device specification parameters (system volume, flow rate, inlet and outlet water quality) and independent of electrode material, to generalize the design of a cell for any given requirement. We showed that decreasing the advection-diffusion Péclet number and increasing the aspect ratio of the electrode compared to the channel space yields the highest salt rejection. In addition, tuning the duty cycle for salt rejection instead of complete electrode charging can yield faster water production rates and optimal salt rejection. This thesis provides a framework for the selection and design of flow-by CDI devices for optimal salt rejection for given specifications. This investigation uses VA-CNTs as a proof-of-concept approach which can be extended to the multitude of porous carbon materials used in existing devices.by Heena K. Mutha.Ph. D
Burkholderia cepacia complex: An outbreak in the neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital in central India
No full textBackground: Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen known to cause severe infections in neonates, including those affecting the respiratory and urinary tracts, as well as bloodstream infections. Consequently, BCC has the potential to instigate outbreaks originating from various sources. This study was undertaken to facilitate the early detection and effective control of a BCC-related outbreak.
Methods: A cross-sectional study, conducted in July 2023 at a tertiary care hospital, investigated bacterial isolates from neonates. Over a one-month period, eleven neonates' blood cultures grew motile, oxidase-positive, non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli. These isolates were presumptively identified as BCC based on conventional biochemical tests and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. The recurring isolation of an identical bacterial strain within the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) strongly suggested an ongoing outbreak. Consequently, active surveillance was initiated to identify the source of the infection and implement containment measures. The identity of the isolated strains was subsequently confirmed using the VITEK 2 Compact microbiology analyser (BioMérieux, France).
Results: Surveillance identified the BCC sources for all 11 affected neonates. The investigation traced the infection origins to several environmental factors within the healthcare setting, including intravenous (IV) catheters and neonatal cradles, operating theatre (OT) beds, and instrument trolleys in the labour room where the deliveries occurred. Furthermore, all environmental BCC isolates demonstrated genetic relatedness to the clinical isolates concurrently exhibiting a similar antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Timely interventions were instrumental in controlling the outbreak.
Conclusion: This study highlights the critical role of the hospital infection control team in effectively managing a BCC outbreak among neonates
Mapping biological systems to network systems
No full textThe book presents the challenges inherent in the paradigm shift of network systems from static to highly dynamic distributed systems – it proposes solutions that the symbiotic nature of biological systems can provide into altering networking systems to adapt to these changes. The author discuss how biological systems – which have the inherent capabilities of evolving, self-organizing, self-repairing and flourishing with time – are inspiring researchers to take opportunities from the biology domain and map them with the problems faced in network domain. The book revolves around the central idea of bio-inspired systems -- it begins by exploring why biology and computer network research are such a natural match. This is followed by presenting a broad overview of biologically inspired research in network systems -- it is classified by the biological field that inspired each topic and by the area of networking in which that topic lies. Each case elucidates how biological concepts have been most successfully applied in various domains. Nevertheless, it also presents a case study discussing the security aspects of wireless sensor networks and how biological solution stand out in comparison to optimized solutions. Furthermore, it also discusses novel biological solutions for solving problems in diverse engineering domains such as mechanical, electrical, civil, aerospace, energy and agriculture. The readers will not only get proper understanding of the bio inspired systems but also better insight for developing novel bio inspired solutions. Shows how bio-inspired systems – which are inherently robust, flexible and have high resilience towards critical errors -- hold immense potential for next generation network systems Outlines computing and problem solving techniques inspired by biological systems that can provide flexible, adaptable ways of solving networking problems Provides insights into how the study of biological systems can make network systems more flexible, adaptable, self-organized, self-aware, and self-sufficient
Marine-derived antimicrobial molecules from the sponges and their associated bacteria
No full textAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the leading global health issues that demand urgent attention. Very soon the world will have to bear the consequences of increased drug resistance if new anti-infectives aren't pumped into the clinical pipeline in a short period. This presses on the need for novel chemical entities, and the marine environment is one such hotspot to look for. The Ocean harbours a variety of organisms, of which from this aspect, "Sponges (Phylum Porifera)" are of particular interest. To tackle the stresses faced due to their sessile and filter-feeding lifestyle, sponges produce various bioactive compounds, which can be tapped for human use. The sponges harbour several microorganisms of different types and in most cases; the microbial symbionts are the actual producers of the bioactive compounds. This review describes the alarming need for the development of new antimicrobials and how marine sponges can contribute to this. Selected antimicrobial compounds from the marine sponges their associated bacteria have been described. Additionally, measures to tackle the supply problem have been covered, which is the primary obstacle in marine natural product drug discovery.The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the pdf file of the accepted manuscript may differ slightly from what is displayed on the item page. The information in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript reflects the original submission by the author
