181,146 research outputs found
Multilinear polynomials and Frankl-Ray-Chaudhuri-Wilson type intersection theorems
No full textAbstractWe give a very simple new proof of the celebrated intersection theorem of D. K. Ray-Chaudhuri and R. M. Wilson. The new proof yields a generalization to nonuniform set systems. Let N(n,s,r) = (ns) + (ns−1) + ⋯(ns−r+1).Generalized Ray-Chaudhuri-Wilson Theorem. Let K = {k1,…,kr}, L = {l1,…,ls}, and assume ki > s − r for all i. Let F be a family of subsets of an n-element set. Suppose that |F| ϵ K for each F ϵ F; and |E ∩ F| ϵ L for each pair of distinct sets E, F ϵ F. Then |F| ⩽ N(n, s, r). The proof easily generalizes to equicardina
Orthoclads of tribe Orthocladiini (Diptera: Chironomidae) from India.
No full textAcht neue Arten werden aus Indien beschrieben: Cricotopus (Isocladius) ateritarsus, Eukiefferiella lehmanni, E. saccularis, Orthocladius (Eudactylocladius) androgynus, O. (Orthocladius) deflectus, O. (O.) uniradialis, Rheocricotopus (Psilocricotopus) bicornuatus, R. (P:) frequens. Bestimmungstabellen zum Erkennen der indischen Arten in ihren Gattungen stehen zur Verfügung.Nomenklatorische Handlungenateritarsus Bhattacharyay, Ali & Chaudhuri, 1991 (Cricotopus (Isocladius)), spec. n.lehmanni Bhattacharyay, Ali & Chaudhuri, 1991 (Eukiefferiella), spec. n.saccularis Bhattacharyay, Ali & Chaudhuri, 1991 (Eukiefferiella), spec. n.androgynus Bhattacharyay, Ali & Chaudhuri, 1991 (Orthocladius (Eudactylocladius)), spec. n.deflectus Bhattacharyay, Ali & Chaudhuri, 1991 (Orthocladius (Orthocladius)), spec. n.uniradialis Bhattacharyay, Ali & Chaudhuri, 1991 (Orthocladius (Orthocladius)), spec. n.bicornuatus Bhattacharyay, Ali & Chaudhuri, 1991 (Rheocricotopus (Psilocricotopus)), spec. n.frequens Bhattacharyay, Ali & Chaudhuri, 1991 (Rheocricotopus (Psilocricotopus)), spec. n.Eight new species Cricotopus (Isocladius) ateritarsus, Eukiefferiella lehmanni, E. saccularis, Orthocladius (Eudactylocladius) androgynus, O. (Orthocladius) deflectus, O. (O.) uniradialis, Rheocricotopus (Psilocricotopus) bicornuatus, R. (P:) frequens are described from India. New keys to recignise the Indian species of each genus are also provided. Nomenclatural Actsateritarsus Bhattacharyay, Ali & Chaudhuri, 1991 (Cricotopus (Isocladius)), spec. n.lehmanni Bhattacharyay, Ali & Chaudhuri, 1991 (Eukiefferiella), spec. n.saccularis Bhattacharyay, Ali & Chaudhuri, 1991 (Eukiefferiella), spec. n.androgynus Bhattacharyay, Ali & Chaudhuri, 1991 (Orthocladius (Eudactylocladius)), spec. n.deflectus Bhattacharyay, Ali & Chaudhuri, 1991 (Orthocladius (Orthocladius)), spec. n.uniradialis Bhattacharyay, Ali & Chaudhuri, 1991 (Orthocladius (Orthocladius)), spec. n.bicornuatus Bhattacharyay, Ali & Chaudhuri, 1991 (Rheocricotopus (Psilocricotopus)), spec. n.frequens Bhattacharyay, Ali & Chaudhuri, 1991 (Rheocricotopus (Psilocricotopus)), spec. n
Digital rights management : a technological measure for copyright protection and its possible impacts on libraries
No full textLibraries and copyright has indistinguishable relation from the time immemorial.In the course of evolution, library is accessing more digital content than analog content.In this typically technological arena, librarians must be aware about the new technologies and its impacts. Digital Rights Mangement DRM) is basically a name of bunch of technological measures in order to control the access of the intellectual content which has tremendous impact on future libraries
Explaining emerging-market firms’ acquisitions of developed-market firms: A resource based perspective
No full textLeehelea fuscilateralis Nandi, Mazumdar & Chaudhuri, 2012, sp.n.
No full textLeehelea fuscilateralis sp.n. (Fig. 2 A–I) Type material. Holotype Ƥ, India, West Bengal, Habra, 22 ° 84 ʹN, 88 ° 62 ʹE, 11 August, 1980, Coll. P.K. Chaudhuri. Paratypes: 2 Ƥ, data same as holotype; 2 Ƥ, India, West Bengal, Bolpur, 23 ° 67 ʹN, 87 ° 72 ʹE, 23 July, 2004, Coll. R. Basu. Etymology. The name of this species comes from the Latin words fusc, meaning dusky or brown and later, meaning side, and refers to the dark lateral margin of the abdominal tergites. Diagnosis. The species is identified by uniformly brown, proximal flagellomeres and pale brown bases with dark brown apices of distal flagellomeres, 9 capitate sensilla of palp segment III, outer margin of mandible with 7 denticules, relatively longer fore tibiae, 13, 11 and 8 batonnets on fore, mid and hind tarsomeres respectively, dark brown veins r-m and M, 1 st radial cell 0.31 length of 2 nd and well-sclerotized, large, oval spermathecae. Description. Female. Head. Dark brown. Eyes bare. Antenna. (Figs. 2 A–A 1) brown with dark brown apices, flagellomeres 1–8 (Fig. 2 A) slender, sub cylindrical, distal flagellomeres 9–13 (Fig. 2 A 1) dark brown with pale base, length 2.062–2.067, AR 1.88–1.93. Maxillary palp. (Fig. 2 B) dark brown, segment III long with a preapical sensory pit bearing 9 capitate sensilla, V with 4 apical setae, length 0.252–0.257, PR 2.24–2.26. Mandible. (Fig. 2 C) with 6 distinct large teeth, first three from apex smaller, outer margin with 7 denticules. Thorax. Scutum brown, with dark brown caudal and lateral areas; scutellum dark brown with large number of bristles; postscutellum brown. Legs. (Figs. 2 D–F) Coxae dark brown; trochanter pale; fore femur with dark brown broad median and a small apical band, with 12 ventro-median erect setae, tibiae longer, brown with dark brown bases, tarsomere IV infuscated at tip, tarsomere V (Fig. 2 G) with 13 batonnets, length ratio of fore leg 34.5: 35: 14: 8: 4: 3: 6; mid femur brown with narrow, dark brown subapical band and dark brown apex, tibiae also brown with dark brown bases and with 13 stout ventral setae, mid tarsomere I with 2–3 median and 2 apical setae, tarsomere IV short and infuscated at the base, tarsomere V with 11 batonnets, length ratio of mid leg 36: 26: 11: 5: 3: 2: 5; hind femur with a broad, dark brown, subapical band and with 13 stout setae, tibiae with dark brown bases and brown, broad middle band, apex dark brown, hind tarsomere IV infuscated at tip, tarsomere V with 8 batonnets, length ratio of hind leg 40: 31: 18: 7: 3: 2: 5, hind tibial comb (Fig. 2 G) with 11 setae; TR of hind leg 2.55–2.59. Claws of all legs similar, equal, long, simple, almost as long as tarsomere V. Wing. (Fig. 2 H). Length 3.35–3.42 (n= 5), breadth 1–1.05 (n= 5). Pale with fine microtrichiae, veins r–m and M dark brown; costal length 3.2–3.27, 1 st radial cell 0.31 (0.29 –031) length of 2 nd, R 2 + 3 distinct, CR 0.96–0.97 (n= 2). Halter pale yellow. FIGURES. 2 A–I. Leehelea fuscilateralis sp.n.: Female: A–A 1: antenna: A. proximal flagellomeres with pedicel, A 1. distal flagellomeres, B: maxillary palp, C: mandible, D–F: fore, mid and hind femur with tibiae, G: hind tibial comb, H: wing, I: spermathecae. Abdomen. Tergites brown with dark lateral margin with long, dark brown setae, setae arranged in two medial rows, segment VIII with a tuft of 4 dorsal caudo-lateral setae, cerci brown. Spermathecae. (Fig. 2 I) well sclerotized, large, oval, rudimentary third present. Male. Unknown. Discussion. This new species shows close similarities with L. magnidentata sp.n. in dark bands in legs but differs in number of batonnets, number of spines in hind tibial comb and number of capitate sensilla on palp segment III. It shows closeness with L. parvicapsula sp.n. but differs in number of batonnets and number of spines on hind tibial comb. The present species exhibits similarities with L. hispida Debenham (1974) and L. leucophaeta Debenham (1974) in structure and color of flagellomeres, bases of femur and tibia. In color band of hind femur, the species looks like that of L. punctipes Macfie (1934). Wing membrane with fine indistinct microtrichiae and pale veins of L. wasseli Debenham (1974) appear nearer to the new species. But the following differential characters: distinct number of capitate sensilla on palp segment III, 7 denticules of mandible, scutum with dark brown caudal and lateral areas, dark brown scutellum, color pattern of femur and tibia, relatively longer fore tibiae, number of batonnets, dark brown lateral margin of abdominal tergites and cerci and highly sclerotized oval spermathecae do favor to designate it to be a new species of Leehelea.Published as part of Nandi, Mou, Mazumdar, Abhijit & Chaudhuri, Prasanta K., 2012, Biting midges of the genus Leehelea Debenham (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in India, pp. 53-60 in Zootaxa 3399 on pages 55-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21339
Enterprise social network for knowledge sharing in MNCs: examining the role of knowledge contributors and knowledge seekers for cross-country collaboration
No full textOnline social networking within a large enterprise, known as enterprise social networking (ESN), is a critical requirement for social relationships and business-related informal discussions among its employees. ESN is important for multinational companies (MNCs) where employees work in
different time zones in geographically dispersed locations in multiple continents. The MNCs use the ESN for their knowledge management and transfer activities among different subsidiaries in different countries or continents as a part of their strategic internationalization initiatives. ESN is
developed by MNCs using enterprise social software for business or commercial knowledge management purposes and cross-country collaborations among their subsidiaries. ESN helps cross-country collaboration in MNCs to organize their internal communication (across different countries) and business discussions in an international environment. ESN is used mainly by two groups of employees in the MNCs: knowledge contributors and knowledge seekers. Both groups are essential for overall knowledge management strategy for creation, dissemination, and consumption of knowledge across countries. In this context, the purpose of this study is to examine the role of knowledge contributors and knowledge seekers in the MNCs using ESN for cross country collaboration
Leehelea brevidensis Nandi, Mazumdar & Chaudhuri, 2012, sp.n.
No full textLeehelea brevidensis sp.n. (Fig. 1 A–J) Type material. Holotype Ƥ, India, West Bengal, Saktigarh, 23 ° 21 ʹN, 87 ˚ 97 ʹE, 11 August 1967, Coll. P.K. Chaudhuri. Paratypes: 2 Ƥ, India, West Bengal, Burdwan 23 ° 14 ʹN, 87 ° 39 ʹE, 12 July 2002, Coll. S. Nandi. Etymology. The name comes from the Latin words brev, meaning short, in reference to the small proximal teeth of the mandible. Diagnosis. The species is diagnosed by the color and structure of flagellomeres, 10 capitate sensilla on palp segment III, outer margin of mandible with 14 denticules, scutellum with 20 bristles, color pattern of hind tibiae, 11 spines of the hind tibial comb, fore and mid tarsomere V with 12 and hind tarsomere with 13 batonnets, 1 st radial cell more than 3.0 times the length of 2 nd and whitish knob of halter. FIGURES. 1 A–J. Leehelea brevidensis sp.n.: Female: A–A 1: antenna: A. proximal flagellomeres with pedicel, A 1. distal flagellomeres, B: maxillary palp, C: mandible, D–F: fore, mid and hind femur with tibiae, G: hind tibial comb, H: fore tarsomere V with claws, I: wing, J: spermathecae. Description. Female. Head. Dark brown. Eyes bare, broadly contiguous dorsally. Antenna. (Figs. 1 A–A 1) proximal eight flagellomeres (Fig. 1 A) slender, sub cylindrical, with light brown basal halves and brown distal halves, distal five flagellomeres (Fig. 1 A 1)dark brown and pale basally, length 1.82–1.826, AR 1.81–1.86; Maxillary palp. (Fig. 1 B) brown, segment III with 10 capitate sensilla, V small, with 4 apical setae, length 0.281–0.284, PR 2.4–2.6; Mandible. (Fig. 1 C) with 6 distinct teeth, proximal tooth smaller than others, outer margin bearing 14 denticules. Thorax. Scutum brown with infuscated caudal and lateral areas; scutellum dark brown with 20 long bristles, postscutellum and pleuron brown. Legs. (Figs. 1 D–F). Coxae brown; trochanters yellow; fore femur yellow in basal half with dark brown broader subapical band and dark brown apex, armed with 14–15 ventral thick setae, tibiae yellow with dark brown bases, tarsomere IV longer than others, V with 12 batonnets, length ratio of fore leg 33: 33: 12.5: 8: 4: 3: 6; mid femur yellow basally, with narrow subapical band and dark brown apex, femur with 12 ventral thick setae, tibia with same color pattern as in fore, tarsomere I with 2 median and 2 apical setae, tarsomere V (Fig. 1 H) with 12 batonnets, length ratio of mid leg 34: 24.5: 11: 5: 3: 2: 5; hind femur also yellow basally with intense dark brown broad subapical band followed by a pale area with narrow dark brown apex, femur with 11–13 ventral thick setae, tibiae with brown narrow subapical band followed by a small pale area, tarsomere V with 13 batonnets, length ratio of hind leg 38: 28.5: 16: 6.5: 3: 2: 5, hind tibial comb (Fig. 1 G) with 11 long spines, fourth one longest, TR of hind leg 2.42–2.49. Wing. (Fig. 1 I). Length 3.13–3.16 (n= 3), breadth 0.93–0.98 (n= 3). Pale, with fine microtrichiae on costa, veins r–m and M brown, costal length 2.91–2.96, 1 st radial cell more than 3.0 times of 2 nd (8: 26.5), R 2 + 3 distinct, CR 0.92–0.95. Halter with whitish knob. Abdomen. Tergites brown with many long setae, segment VIII with tuft of 5–6 setae, pleural membrane and cerci pale brown. Spermathecae (Fig. 1 J) highly sclerotized, large, oval, rudimentary third comma-like. Male. Unknown. Discussion. The new species shows similarities with L. fuscilateralis sp.n. In number of spines of hind tibial comb but differs in dark band at middle of hind tibia, 10 capitate sensilla and varying number batonnets. It shows closeness with L. magnidentata sp.n. in leg color band pattren but differs in number of batonnets, size and number of mandibular teeth and denticules, number of capitate sensilla on palp segment III, spines in hind tibial comb and ratio of 1 st and 2 nd radial cells. This species is close to L. pervicapsula sp.n. in possession of 10 capitate sensilla on palp segment III but differs in capitate sensilla on palp segment IV. The species shows similarities with L. hollandiensis Tokunaga (1966) and L. wasseli Debenham (1974) in color and structure of flagellomeres, dark brown scutum, white knob like halter and rudimentary spermatheca. It also bears similarities with L. leucophaeta Debenham (1974) in color pattern of basal flagellomeres and lateral margin tergites but differs in color of palp segment III, small segment V with apical setae, number of denticules in outer margin of mandible, dark brown scutum, scutellum with 20 long bristles, color pattern of femur and tibia, 11 long spines on hind tibial comb and 2 nd radial cell more than 3.0 times of length of 1 st radial cell (8: 26.5).Published as part of Nandi, Mou, Mazumdar, Abhijit & Chaudhuri, Prasanta K., 2012, Biting midges of the genus Leehelea Debenham (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in India, pp. 53-60 in Zootaxa 3399 on pages 53-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21339
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Reply to: “Parkinson disease‐associated dyskinesia in countries with low access to levodopa‐sparing Regimens“
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