1,721,095 research outputs found
Implications of the human microbiome in inflammatory bowel diseases
Full text linkThe study of the human microbiome or community of microbes and collection of genomes found in the human body is one of the fastest growing research areas because many diseases are reported to be associated with microbiome imbalance or dysbiosis. With the improvement in novel sequencing techniques, researchers are now generating millions of sequences of different sites from the human body and evaluating specific differences in microbial communities. The importance of microbiome constituency is so relevant that several consortialike MetaHIT and HMP are focusing mainly on the human microbiome. The aim of this review is to highlight points of research in this field, mainly focusing on particular factors that modulate the microbiome and important insights into its potential impact on our health and well-being.Fil: Bakhtiar, Syeda M.. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Leblanc, Jean Guy Joseph. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Salvucci, Emiliano Jesus. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Ali, Amjad. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Martin, Rebeca. No especifíca;Fil: Langella, Philippe. No especifíca;Fil: Chatel, Jean Marc. No especifíca;Fil: Miyoshi, Anderson. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Bermudez Humaran, Luis G.. No especifíca;Fil: Azevedo, Vasco. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Brasi
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Study of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii treatment effect in a preclinical model of radiation-induced colorectal injuries
No full textLa radiothérapie (RT) est le traitement incontournable dans le traitement de cancers pelviens, mais l’irradiation des tissus colorectaux environnant la tumeur entraîne des effets secondaires. Le nombre croissant de patients développant des complications après radiothérapie pelvienne, a mené à la définition d’une pathologie en 2010, la «Pelvic Radiation Disease». Après RT, la diversité du microbiote intestinal est modifiée. La population de Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (Fprau), bactérie importante pour le maintien de la barrière colique, est diminuée. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’analyser la capacité de Fprau à réduire de façon préventive les atteintes coliques radio-induites. L’effet de l’administration de 109 CFU de Fprau est étudié 3 jours, 7 jours (court terme) et 4 semaines (long terme) après une irradiation colorectale de 29Gy. L’intégrité de la barrière colique et les paramètres inflammatoires ont été évalués in vivo par des analyses morphométriques, histologiques et immunohistologiques de la muqueuse colique, et fonctionnelle par l’analyse ex vivo de la perméabilité colique en chambre d’Ussing. L’administration de Fprau induit une diminution des atteintes structurales (J3) et de la taille de l’ulcération (J7) de la muqueuse colique après irradiation. A J3 après irradiation, Fprau inhibe l’augmentation radio-induite de la perméabilité colique. Il semble que Fprau agisse par une activation ciblée de la réponse inflammatoire. A long terme, après avoir testé différentes modalités d’administration de Fprau, aucun effet thérapeutique n’est observé. Les résultats de l’efficacité thérapeutique de Fprau à court terme montrent l’intérêt de son application en clinique.Pelvic cancers are mostly treated by radiotherapy (RT). Radiation of healthy tissues surrounding tumor leads to side effects. Late onset of specific symptoms led to the definition of a pathology, called Pelvic Radiation Disease (PRD), in 2010. These side effects could be the consequence of a high inflammatory process induced in colon and rectum, after the rupture of intestinal barrier. RT induces changes in the intestinal microbiota diversity. Indeed, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (Fprau), which has a key role in the colonic homeostasis, is decreased. This thesis aim is to assess Fprau radio-protective potential for patients undergoing pelvic RT, by preventing colonic injuries occurrence. We studied the effect of daily 109 CFU Fprau administration, 3 days, 7 days (short term) and 4 weeks (long term) after a 29Gy colorectal irradiation in a rat model. Colonic barrier integrity and inflammatory parameters were assessed by in vivo colonic mucosa morphometric, histologic and immunohistologic analysis, and Ussing chamber method was used to evaluate functional ex vivo colonic permeability. Fprau treatment induces reduction of structural damages (3 days) and of ulceration length (7 days). Fprau administration also reduces radiation-induced colonic permeability and neutrophils infiltration 3 days after irradiation. It seems that Fprau therapeutic efficiency is due to specific activation of inflammatory response. Long term Fprau administration (4 weeks), after having tested several administration modalities, didn’t show any therapeutic effect on radiation-induced injuries. Based on our findings on short term therapeutic efficiency of Fprau, clinical application could be considered
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Recombinant Lactococcus lactis as a vector of expression of antimicrobial peptides in the treatment of gut inflammation : Host-microbiota interactions
No full textLe microbiote intestinal est un écosystème de microorganismes dont les nombreuses fonctions digestives et immunitaires le rendent indispensable à la bonne santé de son hôte. Une susceptibilité génétique associée à des perturbations environnementales peut rompre cet équilibre et entrainer une dysbiose. L’inflammation chronique en résultant se traduit en différents troubles locaux et systémiques. Ainsi la dysbiose a été mise en cause dans la physiopathologie des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l’intestin et également au développement de troubles métaboliques associés à l’obésité.Les peptides antimicrobiens sont des molécules du système immunitaire innée ayant des fonctions de contrôle de la population bactérienne au niveau de la barrière intestinale et empêchant le contact direct entre celles-ci et les cellules épithéliales.L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier le potentiel thérapeutique des peptides antimicrobiens dans le traitement de maladies liées à la dysbiose comme les MICI et le syndrome métabolique. Pour cela Lactococcus lactis, une bactérie lactique interagissant de manière transitoire avec la barrière épithéliale intestinale, a été utilisée comme vecteur de la molécule d’intérêt. Durant cette thèse j’ai pu établir que la cathélicidine humaine (hCAP18) et REG3A avaient un impact sur le microbiote et amélioraient les symptômes de la colite induite et de l’obésité chez le rongeur.Intestinal microbiota is an ecosystem of microorganisms with many digestive and immune functions, which are vital for its host’s health. Genetic susceptibility and environmental disturbances break this balance and lead to dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, which was linked to chronic inflammation and many associated disorders like inflammatory bowel diseases and obesity-associated conditions such as type-2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseasesAntimicrobial peptides are part of the innate immunesystem and a key component for the control of bacterial population at the epithelial barrier.They prevent direct contact between gut microbes and host cells.In this thesis, I study the therapeutic potential of antimicrobial peptides against inflammatory bowel disease and metabolic syndrom, two dysbiosisrelated conditions. I use recombinant Lactococcus lactis, a lactic acid bacteria allowing transient interaction with the epithelial barrier, as a vector for our molecules of interest: human cathelicidin (hCAP18) and REG3A. I show that these peptides ameliorate chemically induced colitis and obesity in mice
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Current review of genetically modified lactic acid bacteria for the prevention and treatment of colitis using murine models
Full text linkInflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are disorders of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by recurrent inflammation that requires lifelong treatments. Probiotic microorganisms appear as an alternative for these patients; however, probiotic characteristics are strain dependent and each probiotic needs to be tested to understand the underlining mechanisms involved in their beneficial properties. Genetic modification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was also described as a tool for new IBD treatments.The first part of this review shows different genetically modified LAB (GM-LAB) described for IBD treatment since 2000.Then, the two principally studied strategies are discussed (i) GM-LAB producing antioxidant enzymes and (ii) GM-LAB producing the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Different delivery systems, including protein delivery and DNA delivery, will also be discussed. Studies show the efficacy of GM-LAB (using different expression systems) for the prevention and treatment of IBD, highlighting the importance of the bacterial strain selection (with anti-inflammatory innate properties) as a promising alternative. These microorganisms could be used in the near future for the development of therapeutic products with anti-inflammatory properties that can improve the quality of life of IBD patients.Fil: de Moreno, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: del Carmen, Silvina Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Chatel, Jean Marc. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; FranciaFil: Miyoshi, Anderson. Universidade Federal do Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Azevedo, Vasco. Universidade Federal do Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Langella, Philippe. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; FranciaFil: Bermudez Humaran, Luis G.. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; FranciaFil: Leblanc, Jean Guy Joseph. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentin
Evaluation of the biosafety of recombinant lactic acid bacteria designed to prevent and treat colitis
Full text linkInflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) affect the gastrointestinal tract and are characterized by recurrent inflammation that requires lifelong therapies. Probiotics such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been proposed to complement current treatment protocols for these patients; however, their characteristics are strain dependent. In this regard, certain novel characteristics are only possible through the genetic modification of these beneficial micro-organisms. Different delivery systems, such as protein delivery of anti-oxidant enzymes and anti-inflammatory cytokines, have been shown to be effective in preventing and treating IBD in animal models. In this study, the safety of the recombinant LAB (recLAB) Streptococcus thermophilus CRL807: CAT, S. thermophilus CRL807: SOD, Lactococcus lactis NCDO2118 pXILCYT: IL-10, L. lactis MG1363 pValac: IL-10 and L. lactis MG1363 pGroESL: IL-10 with proven beneficial effects was compared to their progenitor strains S. thermophilus CRL807, L. lactis NCDO2118 or L. lactis MG1363. The prolonged administration of these genetically modified strains showed that they were just as safe as the native strains from which they derive, as demonstrated by normal animal growth and relative organ weights, absence of microbial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract, normal blood parameters and intestinal histology. The results show the potential use of these recLAB in future therapeutic formulations; however, the use of modern bio-containment systems is required for the future acceptance of these recLAB by the medical community and patients with IBD.Fil: de Moreno, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: del Carmen, Silvina Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Chatel, Jean Marc. INRA and AgroParisTech; FranciaFil: Azevedo, Vasco. Universidade Federal do Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Langella, Philippe. INRA and AgroParisTech; FranciaFil: Bermudez Humaran, Luis. INRA and AgroParisTech; FranciaFil: Leblanc, Jean Guy Joseph. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; Argentin
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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