7,090 research outputs found
Multicast Mobility in Mobile IP Version 6 (MIPv6) : Problem Statement and Brief Survey
No full textThis document discusses current mobility extensions to IP-layer multicast. It describes problems arising from mobile group communication in general, the case of multicast listener mobility, and problems for mobile senders using Any Source Multicast and Source-Specific Multicast. Characteristic aspects of multicast routing and deployment issues for fixed IPv6 networks are summarized. Specific properties and interplays with the underlying network access are surveyed with respect to the relevant technologies in the wireless domain. It outlines the principal approaches to multicast mobility, together with a comprehensive exploration of the mobile multicast problem and solution space. This document concludes with a conceptual road map for initial steps in standardization for use by future mobile multicast protocol designers. This document is a product of the IP Mobility Optimizations (MobOpts) Research Group
IMS: The New Generation of Internet-Protocol-Based Multimedia Services
No full textLegacy networks, both fixed and mobile, which were originally designed for voice communications, are progressively migrating to new infrastructures that promise to revolutionize the services offered. In this paper, we will cover this new generation of personal communication services, with an emphasis on the family of Internet protocol (IP)-based multimedia subsystem (IMS)-aided infrastructure that relies on the session initiation protocol (SIP). As a benefit, the end users will enjoy a new generation of personal communications services that are accessible anywhere and anytime. These services are timedia subsystem (IMS)-aided infrastructure that relies on the directly related to the end users rather than to their diverse devices. It is anticipated that the new deployments of next-of the IMS technology. generation networks (all-IP based) will accelerate the adoptio
Implementation of Turbo Code Decoder IP Builder
No full textTurbo Code, due to its excellent error correction capability, has been widely used in many modern wireless digital communication systems as well as data storage systems in recent years. However, because the decoding of the Turbo Code involves finding all the state probability and transition sequence, its hardware implementation is not straightforward as it requires a lot of memory and memory operation. In this thesis, a design of Turbo Code decoder IP (Intellectual Property) is proposed which can be parameterized with different word-lengths and code rates. The design of the core SISO (Soft-In Soft-Out) unit used in Turbo Code decoder is based on the algorithm of SOVA (Soft-Output Viterbi Algorithm). Based on the hybrid trace-back scheme, the SISO proposed in this thesis can achieve fast path searching and path memory reduction which can be up to 70% compared with the traditional trace-back approach. In addition, every iterative of Turbo Code decoding performs two SISO operations on the block of data with normal and interleaving order. In our proposed architecture, these two SISO operations can be implemented on a single SISO unit with only slightly control overhead. In order to improve the bit error rate performance, the threshold and normalization techniques are applied to our design. In addition, the termination criteria circuit is also included in our design such that the iteration cycle of the decoding can be reduced. The proposed Turbo Code decoder has been thoroughly tested and verified, and can be qualified as a robust IP
Perceptions of intellectual property: a review
No full textIn “The right to good ideas: patents and the poor”, The Economist depicts two driving forces in the contemporary discourse on IP and globalization. The one is interested in advancing the knowledge economy, an approach based on the belief that knowledge is the driving factor behind economic growth. The other resides on a belief that IP is a major means to advance the process of globalization. While the former is strongly motivated by new economic growth theory, as for example advanced by Stanford professor Paul Romer, the latter is based on typical anti-globalization arguments, such as for example the position that the IP system helps multinational companies to build up monopolies to the detriment of the poor, drives small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and local business in developing countries out of business and increases prices for consumer products, be they pharmaceuticals or software. The purpose of this review is to help understand the current discourse on intellectual property, to grasp underlying themes, assumptions and connotations associated with the term “IP”, so as to identify paths leading to a more comprehensive understanding of IP and the opportunities and pitfalls it may provide
Efficient IP routing table lookup scheme
No full textOne of the pertinent issues in IP router design is the IP routing table lookup. With highspeed multi-gigabit links required in the Internet, the lookup has become a great bottleneck. The authors propose a lookup scheme that can efficiently handle If? route lookup, insertion and deletion inside the routing table. This method is less complex in comparison to other schemes. By using careful memory management design, each of the IP routes are only stored once instead of the range that is used conventionally. Therefore. the required memory is reduced. In addition, a novel skip function is introduced to further decrease the memory size. The proposed scheme, which furnishes approximately 75 x 10(6) lookups/s, needs only a small memory size of 0.59 Mbyte. This scheme can be implemented in a pipeline hardware design and thus achieves one route lookup for every memory access. This lookup scheme can also be easily scaled to IPv6 in the future
Efficient Learning of Communication Profiles from IP Flow Records
No full textThe task of network traffic monitoring has evolved drastically with the ever-increasing amount of data flowing in large scale networks. The automated analysis of this tremendous source of information often comes with using simpler models on aggregated data (e.g. IP flow records) due to time and space constraints. A step towards utilizing IP flow records more effectively are stream learning techniques. We propose a method to collect a limited yet relevant amount of data in order to learn a class of complex models, finite state machines, in real-time. These machines are used as communication profiles to fingerprint, identify or classify hosts and services and offer high detection rates while requiring less training data and thus being faster to compute than simple models.Accepted author manuscriptCyber Securit
Scan-Line IP Assignment for Wireless Sensor Networks
No full textWireless sensor networks (WSN)為功能導向的網路，許多功能必須透過外部網路進行操作，因此不能完全獨立運行。然而，目前外部網路所使用通訊協定的標準為TCP/IP，因此要如何使得WSN可與TCP/IP網路進行溝通，便是一項重要的議題。近年來，許多學者提出整合TCP/IP網路與WSN的研究[1-5]，其中一個重要的解決方法，就是在WSN中直接運行TCP/IP的協定。在這種解決方案下，WSN中的每一個節點皆需要唯一的IP位置。而Spatial IP Assignment (SIPA)所分配感測器節點位置的方法[6][7]，即是根據節點所在的位置資訊，進行IP的分配。然而使用SIPA的方法，許多相鄰的節點可能會因為位置相近的關係，而分配給予同一IP位置，無法確保每一個節點皆能擁有唯一的IP位置的限制。本研究提出Scan-Line IP Assignment Using Equal-Distance Partition (SLIPA-D) 和 Scan-Line IP Assignment Using Equal-Quantity Partition (SLIPA-Q)兩個方法，兩個方法都能在進行IP位置分配後，除可確保每一節點擁有唯一的IP位置外，仍可保持各個節點在空間的相對位置關係。本研究的實驗結果，說明節點在各種不同分布情況時，要求每一個節點不能有相同IP情況下，SLIPA-D與SLIPA-Q皆能大大的改善分配IP成功時的最大節點數量。最後，可採用本研究方法所產生的IP位置具有空間位置關係的優點，以開發有效率的路由協定。Wireless sensor networks (WSN) cannot operate in complete isolation, but must be connected to an external network. Since TCP/IP is a standard protocol for external network, connecting WSN with TCP/IP network therefore is an important issue in many WSN applications. Recently, there are many solutions proposed to integrate WSN and TCP/IP network [1-5]. Running the TCP/IP protocol directly on WSN is one of the most important solution models. In this model, a unique IP address is needed for every node in WSN. The Spatial IP Assignment (SIPA) method enables every sensor node to have an IP address by constructing address via node location [6][7]. However, it does not guarantee to assign a unique IP address to every node; adjacent nodes might be assigned the same IP address because they are so close in spatial location. This paper proposes two methods: Scan-Line IP Assignment Using Equal-Distance Partition (SLIPA-D) and Scan-Line IP Assignment Using Equal-Quantity Partition (SLIPA-Q). Both methods make sure that not only every sensor node generates a unique IP address but also the spatial relation among nodes is maintained after assignment. Our experiments show that both new methods can achieve dramatic improvements in the maximum number of nodes that can be successfully assigned, meaning that every sensor node generates a unique IP address under different distribution patterns of nodes. We could take adventage on the spatial relationship among IP addresses of sensor nodes to develop efficient routing protocol.致謝 I要 IIbstract IIIhapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Research Background and Motivation 1.2 Research Purposes 2.3 Thesis Organization 2hapter 2 Related Works 3.1 WSN Overview 3.2 Connecting WSN with External Networks 4.3 Problems of TCP/IP for WSN 8.4 Spatial IP Assignment 10.5 The Problems of Spatial IP Assignment 11hapter 3 Scan-Line IP Assignment Using Equal-Distance Partition 12.1 Overview 12.2 Sorting the Order of Nodes in Y-direction 13.3 Assigning the Second Last Octet of IP Address Using Equal-Distance Partition 14.4 Assigning the Last Octet of IP Address Using Scan-Line 15.4.1 Parameter Definitions 15.4.2 Function Definitions 15.4.3 Assigning the Last Octet of IP Address 16.4.4 Determining SN 17.5 Demonstrations 18.6 The Bottleneck 21hapter 4 Scan-Line IP Assignment Using Equal-Quantity Partition 22.1 Overview 22.2 Sorting the Order of Nodes in X-direction 23.3 Allocating Nodes into Zones Using Equal-Quantity Partition 24.4 Checking Two Conditions for Further Improvements 25.4.1 The Two Conditions 25.5 Assigning the Second Last Octet of IP Address 35.6 Utilizing the Algorithm According To Different Distribution Patterns of Sensor Nodes 36.7 For WSN Which Frequently Insert New Sensor Nodes 38.8 Flow Chart 40hapter 5 Experiment Results 42.1 Overview 42.1.1 The Four Experiments 42.1.2 The Six Distribution Patterns of Nodes 43.2 Comparing the Assignment Success Rates of SIPA, SLIPA-D and SLIPA-Q 46.3 Comparing the Assignment Results of SLIPA-D with SLIPA-Q 54.4 Characteristic Display of Distribution Widths in Vertical Distribution and Horizontal Distribution 61.5 Performance Analysis of Algorithm Utilization According To Different Distribution Patterns of Sensor Nodes 63hapter 6 Conclusions and Future Works 64eferences 6
Design and Implementation of a TCP/IP Offloading Engine
No full text隨著網路成長迅速,CPU已經無法滿足網路頻寬的需求。在本論文中,
我們嘗試以嵌入式作業系統MicroC/OS-II為基礎,並且移植Linux 2.6的網路協定到MicroC/OS-II中,來實現TCP/IP 卸載引擎(TCP/IP Offloading Engines) 。
TCP/IP Offloading Engines是一個特別的網路設備,它將原本由CPU在軟體上執行的TCP/IP處理程序全部卸載至硬體上面執行。在高速的乙太網路環境中,特別是Giga bits的乙太網路等級上,可以藉由實作TCP/IP Offloading Engines來減輕使用者可能遇到的傳輸速率瓶頸,並且增進應用程式的效能。
我們會在本論文中介紹TCP/IP Offloading Engines的概念,並探討實作TCP/IP Offloading Engines 網路設備在與標準TCP/IP通訊協定架構相比較下,在伺服器的CPU上所能獲得的好處與效能的提升。
最後,我們會敘述我們的實作方式並呈現實地測試的結果。With the progress of networking technology, the capability of CPU cannot satisfy to afford the high-speed network bandwidth. In this thesis, we design and implement a TCP/IP offloading engine by porting the Linux 2.6's network protocols on an embedded operating system MicroC/OS-II.
TCP/IP offloading engine is a specialized network device implementing a significant portion of the TCP/IP protocol. Consequently, it offloads the TCP/IP protocol processing overhead from the software running on a general purpose CPU to the network device. Thus, it not only eliminates the bottleneck of packet transmission but also improves application performance.
In this thesis, we introduce the concepts of TCP/IP offloading engines. Then, we discuss the performance and advantages of implementing TCP/IP offloading engines network adapters versus standard TCP/IP protocol suite on the host CPU. Finally, we describe our implementation and show the experimental results.第一章 緒論 1
1.1 現今的網路通訊協定架構 1
1.2 高速乙太網路的瓶頸 2
1.2.1 頻繁的CPU中斷處理 2
1.2.2 複製記憶體浪費的系統資源 2
1.2.3 通訊協定的處理 3
1.3 何謂TOES 4
1.3.1 TOEs的優點 5
第二章 相關研究與背景知識 6
2.1 處理TCP/IP對CPU帶來的負擔 6
2.2 不同TOES實作方式的優缺點比較 7
2.2.1 Chip-based vs. Processor-based 7
2.2.2 Partial offloading vs. Full Offloading 8
2.2.3 市售TOEs產品比較 10
2.3 提升網路效能的相關技術 10
2.3.1 Jumbo frame 10
2.3.2 RDMA(Remote Direct Memory Access) 11
第三章 系統架構 12
3.1 標準LINUX的網路通訊協定架構 12
3.1.1 sk_buff 資料結構 13
3.1.2 Linux網路協定的運作方式 15
3.1.3 Linux網路協定函數關係 16
3.2 MICROC/OS-II實作架構 22
3.2.1 MicroC/OS-II的特色為: 22
3.2.2 MicroC/OS-II上的設計 23
3.2.3 移植在MicroC/OS-II上的通訊協定介紹 25
3.2.4 移植MicroC/OS-II到Net-Star開發板 28
3.3 LINUX 使用TOE網卡時的系統架構 30
第四章 系統實作 32
4.1 修改LINUX SOCKET LAYER 32
4.2 MICROC/OS-II的系統設計 35
4.2.1 設計MicroC/OS-II的Task 35
4.2.2 設計MicroC/OS-II的中斷常式 37
4.2.3 移植Linux的通訊協定到MicroC/OS-II 38
4.2.4 在MicroC/OS-II上的重要資料結構 40
4.3 TOES的完整結構 42
第五章 測試與效能 43
5.1 實驗設備 43
5.1.1 Net-star!開發板介紹 43
5.1.2 實作端與遠端主機規格 45
5.2 UDP能夠節省的CPU執行時間 46
5.2.1 透過UDP送出封包 46
5.2.2 透過UDP接收封包 47
5.3 ARP能夠減少的CPU時間 49
5.4 ICMP能夠減少的CPU時間 49
5.5 NET-STAR!開發板的CPU時間統計 50
5.6 使用TOES作為網路卡時的傳輸效能 51
5.7 利用PING測試的結果 52
第六章 結論與未來發展 54
6.1 結論 54
6.2 未來發展 54
參考文獻 5
IP Home Network Multimedia Application over IEEE 1394
No full textTo utilize the IEEE 1394 protocol features, a new multimedia home network is presented to
facilitate the broadband network and multimedia applications. In this work, we design some
experiments and use two kinds of operating systems to test the ability of IP packets over IEEE 1394.
The performance of both IPv4 and IPv6 over IEEE 1394 are quite satisfactory.補正完畢E
Scalable QoS-aware Mobility for Future Mobile Operators
No full textTelecom operators and Internet service providers
are heading for a new shift in communications
paradigms. The forthcoming convergence
of cellular and wireless data networks is often
manifested in an “all IP approach” in which all
communications are based on an end-to-end IP
protocol framework. The approach to network
design becomes user and service-centered, so
that continuous reachability of mobile users and
sustained communication capabilities are default
requirements for a prospective architecture. In
this article, we describe a network architecture
which is able to provide seamless communication
mobility, triggered either by the user or by the
network, across multiple technologies. The architecture
allows for media independent handovers
and supports optimized mobility and resource
management functions. The main focus of the
article is on major technical highlights of mobility
and quality-of-service (QoS) management subsystems
for converged networks.Publicad
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