1,721,007 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Characteristics, Detection and Management Strategies of Seed-Transmitted Viruses
No full text根據報告已知的植物病毒中共有108 種具有種子傳播(seed transmission) 的特性。這些病毒
可以藉由極少量的帶毒種子在下一代之植株族群中建立初次感染源，然後再經由媒介生物的二
次傳染形成病害的快速流行，而危及作物的生產。在近代的農業歷史經驗中不乏由種傳病毒所
導致嚴重損失的例證。種傳特性對於寄主範圍狹窄或缺乏媒介生物的病毒種類而言尤其重要，
乃維護其族群能否持續繁衍的關鍵特性。近年來世界各國在植物種源交換上日趨頻繁，種傳特
性也是造成病毒透過帶毒種子廣泛散佈的主要原因。為防止種傳病毒病害的流行，發展帶毒種
子檢測技術，確定不同批號種子之帶毒比率(種傳率)，進而預估其可能造成作物損失之潛力與
作物生產能夠忍受之種傳率，藉以擬定適當之因應方法，乃近年來農業先進國家針對此類病毒
病害所採取之普識對策。目前已知除了少數性質極為穩定之病毒，如蕃茄嵌紋病毒(To m a t o
mosaic viru s, ToMV) 可以在不感染種子胚(embryo) 組織而僅存在於種皮(seed coat) 或其他種子
組織下尚能造成種傳現象外，絕大多數的種傳病毒都能入侵並感染胚組織，但通常一個感病植
株僅有少數種子之胚組織會遭到感染而具有傳毒能力。影響種傳率高低之因素，包括寄主品系
(cultivars) 與年齡( a g e )、病毒系統(virus strains) 及感染時機(infection stage)。多數種傳病毒均
於胚珠受精前即已感染胚珠或花粉，僅有少數是在胚珠受精後才入侵其細胞，因此植株如果在
開花後才遭受病毒感染，其種子通常不具傳毒能力。目前最廣為應用之帶毒種子檢測技術為兼
具敏感、專一與經濟性之抗血清檢測法，包括酵素連結抗體免疫吸附法( e n z y m e - l i n k e d
immunosorbent assay, ELISA) 及組織點漬免疫分析法(tissue-blot immunoassay, TBIA)。另外敏感
度更為優異但效率與成本稍差的反轉錄聚合酵素連鎖反應(reverse transcription polymerase chain
reaction, RT-PCR) 也於近來被證實可用以偵測種子組織中所存在之微量病毒。晚近更有結合抗
體與RT-PCR 之免疫捕捉聚合酵素連鎖反應( i m m u n o c a p t u r e - RT-PCR, IC-RT-PCR) 被應用在種傳
病毒之偵測。但不管應用何種偵測方法與流程，其關鍵在於必須能偵測出存在於種子胚組織細
胞中具感染活力之病毒顆粒，而不會受到種子中其他組織所存在不具傳染能力之病毒訊息所干
擾。因此在發展特定種傳病毒之檢測流程時，必須先釐清病毒存在之位置進而確定種子萃取之
方法，以避免獲致錯誤之結論。種傳率之正確檢測可以作為擬定或評估種傳忍受極限( s e e d
transmission tolerance limit) 之參考，也是近年來先進國家因應種傳病毒病害所積極發展之種子
驗證制度(seed certification) 之關鍵依據。
There have been more than 108 plant viruses documented in the literatures that have seed
transmission ability. Infected seeds germinate and become infected seedlings which serve as virus
inoculum and subsequently result in an epidemic if there is co-existence of efficient viral vectors.
During last century there have been numerous reports of severe losses in crops resulted by seed-borne
viruses. Seed transmission is especially crucial for those viruses with restricted host range and those
without vectors to survive, disseminate or maintain their population. Viruses with seed transmission
abilities are especially capable of long distance transmission. Most literatures agree that seedtransmitted
viruses are carried within the embryo of infected seeds. However, there are exceptions,
such as tobamoviruses, which are carried as contaminant on the seed surface and can infect seedlings
during germination and early growth. In this paper, the mechanisms of virus invasion to the
embryonic tissues will be discussed. To control seed-transmitted virus diseases, it is essential to
develop sensitive and efficient seed testing techniques to determine seed transmission rate in diff e r e n t
seed lots. During last decade, there have been numerous techniques developed especially for seed
testing. However, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been recognized as the most
suitable seed testing technique and is currently the most widely used one in seed industry. Besides
detection technique, sampling the right parts of seed tissue for virus indexing is crucial for obtaining
correct seed transmission rate. In this paper, the existence of viruses in different parts of seed tissue
in relation to the decision of sampling method is discussed. Finally, various control or management
strategies, including the application of seed transmission tolerance limit (STTL), against seedtransmitted
viruses will also be summarized and discussed
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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