14 research outputs found
Using food prices to predict harmful effects of drought: Northern Nigeria as a case study
Full text linkFormulation Development of Oral Mucoadhesive CoatedTerbutaline Sulphate Tablets Using Some Natural MaterialsExtracted from Edible Fruits Available in India: Formulation of oral mucoadhesive terbutaline tablets
No full textMucoadhesive polymers that bind to the gastric mucin or epithelial cell surface are useful in drug delivery for the purpose of increasing the intimacy and duration of contact of drug with the absorbing membrane. Several synthetic polymers are in use for this purpose. Since the biodegradability of the synthetic polymers are questionable, in this investigation, an oral mucoadhesive controlled delivery system has been developed for terbutaline sulphate using natural mucoadhesive materials extracted from edible fruits like Zizyphus mauritianaand Aegle marmelosthathave better mucoadhesive property than synthetic polymer hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose K4M (HPMCK4M). The in vitroadhesive and mucoadhesive strength and swelling property of mucoadhesive materials extracted from edible fruits of Z.mauritianaand A. marmeloswere evaluated and compared with HPMCK4M by Share stress and Wilhelmy plate method. Different formulations of oral mucoadhesive coated terbutaline sulphate tablets were prepared using these natural materials and HPMCK4M and hardness, thickness, friability, weight variation and assay of tablets were tested. The in vitrorelease of terbutaline sulphate was studied in buffer pH 7.2at 37±0.5 ᵒC. The blood plasma concentration of terbutaline sulphate in rabbits was determined using HPLC. It was found that mucoadhesive materials extracted from edible fruits of Z. mauritianaand A. marmelos exhibited better adhesiveness andmucoadhesiveness as compared with the synthetic mucoadhesive agent HPMCK4M by different methods. The in vitroand in vivodrug release study of terbutaline sulphate exhibited extended drug release profile for tablets prepared with natural materials than synthetic polymers. Afterin vitro and in vivocorrelation study, it was seen that both in vitroand in vivodrug release study showed the same release profile. The present study shows that natural mucoadhesive materials extracted from edible fruits of Z. mauritianaand A. marmelos have greater mucoadhesive property than HPMCK4M where both are used in the same amount
Governmentalizing NRI Philanthropy in Andhra Pradesh: A Transregional Approach to India’s Development
No full textThis chapter looks at the idea of governmentalization of NRI philanthropy in the state of Andhra Pradesh. In a detailed analysis, the author shows how the dominant community of the Kammas in the coastal Andhra region, having historically benefitted from being part of the anti-Brahmin movement, consolidated their identity as the foremost landowners with a concerted effort towards higher education and already established networks enabling them to pursue careers in the USA. This, and a belief in giving back to the village and caste that has enabled their migration and hence success in life, has encouraged philanthropy in the region, in terms of NRI contribution to the NRI cell of Zilla Parishad and the Janmabhoomi project of the then TDP government. This is crucial because, with the term ‘governmentalization ’, she shows how caste interests influence government policy and shape the direction which philanthropy will take, who will be the recipient of the philanthropic measures, how will the philanthropic projects be spatially located and how the existing structures of hegemony will continue in this curious coming together of public and private capital
FORMULATION OF ORAL MUCOADHESIVE TABLETS OF TERBUTALINE SULPHATE USING SOME NATURAL MATERIALS AND IN VITRO-IN VIVO EVALUATION
Full text linkMucoadhesive polymers that bind to the gastric mucin or epithelial cell surface are useful in drug delivery for the purpose of increasing the intimacy and duration of contact of drug with the absorbing membrane. Several synthetic polymers are in use for this purpose. Since the biodegradability of the synthetic polymers are questionable, in this investigation an oral mucoadhesive controlled delivery system has been developed for terbutaline sulphate (TS) using natural mucoadhesive materials extracted from the edible fruits like Zizyphus mauritiana (ZM) and Aegle marmelos (Linn.) Cor. (AM) that have better mucoadhesive property than synthetic polymer hydroxypropylmethylcellulose K4M (HPMC K4M). The in vitro adhesive and mucoadhesive strength of mucoadhesive materials extracted from the fruits of ZM and AM were evaluated and compared with HPMCK4M using both Share Stress and Wilhelmy Plate. Different formulations of oral mucoadhesive coated TS tablets were prepared using these natural materials and compared with tablets prepared with HPMCK4M and hardness, thickness, friability, weight variation and drug content of tablets were tested. The in vitro release of TS was studied in buffer pH 7.2 at 370C 0.50C. Tablets were orally administered to rabbits and blood plasma concentration of TS was determined using HPLC. It was found that mucoadhesive materials extracted from the fruits of ZM and AM exhibited better adhesiveness and mucoadhesiveness as compared with the HPMC- K4M. The in vitro study of TS exhibited showed greater drug release profile for tablets prepared with natural materials than synthetic polymers and confirmed with in vivo study. In vitro and in vivo correlation showed the same release profile
Medicinal pants used against gastrointestinal tract disorders by the traditional healers of Sikkim Himalayas
No full text606-610Ethnomedicinal survey of various tribes in the four districts of Sikkim reveals the use of medicinal plants. The paper records ethnomedicinal values of 36 plants species belonging to 27 families having the activities in gastrointestinal tract disorders. A list of plants species along with their plant names, family, local names, plant parts used and the mode of administration has been enumerated
Partitions: categories and destinies
No full textThe chapter analyzes state partition as a political phenomenon, which has inceasingly occurred in modern times, following new patters as long as a specific form of state has been established in Europe and spread worldwide as a lever for modernity, either through the communist experience or the process of decolonization, via colonization. In this framework the author considers different interpretative categories from dividing without partitions to the applied forms of partitions, the fragility of the terminology and the sources of attractiveness of partitions. Furthermore, the chapter deals with the relations between partitions and democracy, the role of sovereignty and the changes that are transforming the nation states in networking societies. In his conclusions, the author advocates a recasting of statehood as a great challenge, particularly for Europe
Conclusions
No full textIn his book's conclusions, the author elaborates about the nature of partitions as a key challenge for a study devoted to state dismemberment. The international research project that supported an interdisciplinary team of 4 authors to work on this subject at the Columbia Institute of Reid Hall in Paris together with La maison des Sciences de l'homme came in the end to believe that partitions are not the expression of clashes of civilization. Rather, they are a local, but widespread attempt at reacting against globalization by local/global means, patterns, symbols and convictions. They are a lever for multiplying states in a community of states in crisis and unable to govern the world. At the same time, partitions are also a global phenomenon that requires global politics and strategies in order to avoid the risk of multiplying the political cells of human societies, as a fortress of incommunicability in a world of networks and webs. In the end the author stresses how partitions are a litmus paper that human beings need for testing new forms of political organization, representation, and mediation
Security and the city : post-colonial accumulation, securitization, and urban development in Kolkata
No full textThe chapter explores the interconnected issues of accumulation, securitization, and governmentality in the context of transformation of the city of Kolkata into a ‘world-class’ metropolis. In both academic and common languages, securitization has rapidly embraced a wider meaning; this includes the increasing emphasis on security in the political debate and the growth of a global security apparatus . In this chapter, the author discusses securitization in relation to what have recently been described as ‘operations of capital ’, which include the functions of extraction, logistics, and finance that are crucial in understanding how global capital works. The author investigates the security industry and urban changes in Kolkata and explores urban securitization as a global capitalistic process. Based on interviews with the relevant actors, both in the security industry including workers, managers, and advisors, and in the urban transformation sector that included developers, residents, and local authorities, and archival research and discourse analysis of relevant documents, the author argues that securitization , besides supporting and complementing the processes of accumulation over cities, constitutes a space of intense accumulation itself. But simultaneously, it becomes crucial for governance of a contradictory and contended urban space. The market-oriented interventions on the city have allowed for an impressive growth of the security business . Yet, the process of securitization has exceeded the pattern of urban development. It has become a powerful industry, as well as a strategy for management of at least two principal effects of accumulation: dispossession and disruption
Law, statistics, public-private partnership and the emergence of a new subject
No full textThe objective of the chapter is to understand the new form of government that has come into being. The questions to be asked in this context are the following: What is being governed in the first place—the population or the circuits of capital? What is the relationship between the two? Circuits of capital are generated through forms of infrastructure consolidation (the Indira Gandhi Airport in New Delhi, for example). What makes the monopoly of infrastructure distinct is the emergence of public–private partnerships (PPP). This chapter examines these PPP endeavours, their efficiencies, successes, failures and effects on labour politics and social struggles. There are PPS of the institutional nature and PPPs of the legal nature; this calls for political and legal innovation. Though scholars argue that PPPs are used to break the model of state activity in social sphere and curb its manipulation of social relations, the author argues that PPPs allow the state to restructure itself. The ‘population’ is modelled as a composite of consumers of goods in a profit-base. The PPPs are more than the sum of its public and private parts; they give rise to a distinct mode which operates through a distinct relationship of space, politics and people that influence the market
