Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care (AJPRHC)
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Comparison of Religious Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Citalopram on Depression and Anxiety among Women with Breast Cancer: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Full text linkThere has been evidence supporting the reduction of depression and anxiety by religious psychotherapy in cancer patients,however, there have been scarce randomized controlled trials. Therefore, there is a need for replication in a well-designedstudy to investigate the efficacy of these interventions among depressed women with breast cancer. A randomizedcontrolled trial is designed to be conducted on 160 women with breast cancer. Participants will be screened for anxietyand depression diagnosed by clinical interview based on the DSM-IV criteria and the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale.Golriz and Baraheni’s Religious Attitude Questionnaire will be used to assess the religious attitude. Individuals meetingthe prerequisites will be randomly allocated to four groups, each containing 40 participants, including three interventiongroups (RCBT, CBT, and citalopram) and one control group (usual breast cancer treatment). An instrument by theEORTCQLQ-C30 and BR-23 will be used to measure the quality of life. Blood tests will be taken to assess biomarkers withthe (ELISA) method. The results will determine whether RCBT is more effective than other treatments. If so, the outcomesof the study will have implications not only for the management of similar problems in cancer patients but also for themanagement of other chronic diseases
Financial and Economic Criteria for Evaluating the Performance of Pharmacies
Full text linkImproving the economic performance of pharmacies need to economic and financial indicators. Despite this necessity, economic and financial performance indicators have not been identified comprehensively in the pharmacy setting. Thus the aim of this study is to determine the economic and financial performance assessment criteria of the pharmacies by specialist’s point of view. This study is a qualitative study in which experts and professional’s point of view were gathered by focus group discussion. 15 health system experts were selected by purposive sampling approach. Data from focus group discussions (FGD) were analyzed by thematic analysis method. Twelve main themes in two scopes were obtained to assess the economic and financial performance of the pharmacy by review of specialists view. These themes are waste rate, profitability, cost control, financial management, economic and political issues, pharmacist, doctor, medical insurance, management system, pharmaceutical companies, cultural issues and public or private administration system of pharmacy.Based on the results of this study, the most important criteria to evaluate the financial and economic performance of pharmacies were identified. These results can be used for to economic and financial performance evaluation of pharmacies
Comparison of 1 versus 3 Days Post-operative Catheterization after Anterior Colporrhaphy
Full text linkWith attention to the fact that after anterior colporrhaphy surgery and stitches on vaginal mucus, inserting urinary catheter is requested, according to scientific references and in order to prevent from urinary retention, it has been said that the catheter should be inserted for 3 days. But inserting the catheter leads to infections of bladder and pain. So, in the present study, we compared the removal of the catheter 24 hours versus 72 hours after the surgery, considering urinary infections, urinary retention, patient’s ease and hospitalization. Within two groups of 70 patients, which has been assimilated based on basic factors (devided into two groups accidently with excel table) urinary catheter fixed for 1 and 3 days. After that, patients were compared considering urinary retention, urinary infections and the rate of patient satisfaction. Urinary retention was 28.6% in the test group and 22.9% in a controlling group which was not statistically meaningful (P=0.78). Urinary infections were 22.9% in the test group and 34.3% in the controlling group (P=0.42) and the rate of patient’ssatisfactions was 57.1% in the test group and 40% in controlling group (P=0.23). The hospitalization period in the test group and in the control group was 2.91±0.61 and 3.94± 0.59 days respectively with a significant difference (P=0.001). The results showed that short time catheterization is more satisfactory in comparison long catheterizations
Stevia : A True Glycoside Used as a Sweetener and Not Affecting Behavior
Full text linkUsing ants as models, the glycoside rebaudioside A, a sweetener extracted from the plant Stevia rebaudiana and commercialized under the name ‘stevia’, was shown to have no effect on their food consumption, locomotion, precision of reaction, response to pheromones, brood caring, cognition, visual and olfactory conditioning and memory, although this sweetener slightly increased the ants audacity. However, when having the choice between stevia and saccharose, the ants somewhat preferred the latter. Stevia is thus a safe sweetener which does not impact general health, behavior and cognition, but it is generally perceived less pleasant than saccharose
Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors Association with Warfarin Long Term Therapy Stability in Sudan
Full text linkAnticoagulation with warfarin is characterized by a wide inter-individual variations in dose requirements and INR (International Normalised Ratio) stability, as there are evidences that warfarin response variability is associated with CYP2C9 (cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 9) and VKORC1 (Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex1) genetic polymorphisms. Carriers of CYP2C9*2 and VKORC11639G>A variant alleles are at greater risk of unstable anticoagulation therapy. Objectives: This retrospective case control study was directed to analyze the impact of genetic and non-genetic factors on warfarin therapy in Sudanese out-patients who were on long term warfarin therapy. Method: 118 Sudanese outpatients receiving warfarin treatment for at least six months, were interviewed for their non-genetic factors that included age, sex, indication for warfarin therapy, compliance, Vitamin K rich foods intake and concomitant drug therapy, in addition to their blood samples which were taken for DNA extraction and genotyping of CYP2C9*2 and VKORC11639G>A gene polymorphisms to study the genetic factors. INR stability % index was calculated, accordingly patients were classified into 2 groups, stable and unstable groups. Results: The frequencies of VKORC11639G>A alleles in Sudanese out-patients who were on long term warfarin therapy were 70.3% and 29.7% for the VKORC1/G and VKORC1/A alleles respectively. The frequencies of CYP2C9*2 alleles in Sudanese out-patients were 92.4% and 7.6% for CYP2C9*1 and CYP2C9*2 alleles respectively. Variables associated with low INR stability were VKCOR1/AA genotype (p-value = 0.028) and sex (p = 0.017). Variables that showed no association with INR stability were age (p-value = 0.259), compliance (p-value = 0.058). Vitamin K rich foods intake (p- value = 0.743), and mean stable warfarin dose (p-value = 0.439). Conclusion: Polymorphism in warfarin drug target gene VKORC1-11639G>A and sex are important elements of INR stability in Sudanese out- patients on long term warfarin therapy
Physiological and Ethological Disruptions Induced by a Mixture of Saccharose/Sucralose 99.5/0.5 - A Study on Ants as Models
Full text linkExperiments made on ants as biological models revealed that a saccharose/sucralose 95.5/.05 mixture increased sugar water consumption, decreased general activity, precision of reaction, audacity, brood caring, cognition and ability in acquiring visual conditioning (short term memory), induced aggressiveness against nestmates, and slightly reduced tactile perception. It may not change the speed of locomotion and did not affect middle and long term memory. The adverse effects may be related to the strong sugared taste of the mixture (in presence of sugar and the saccharose/sucralose mixture, the ants slightly preferred the mixture) though it contains little sugar, and to the toxic chloropropanols sucralose may produce. When ants consumed again sugar instead of a saccharose/sucralose mixture, their aggressiveness rapidly decreased during eight hours and entirely vanished in 29 hours
Mediterranean Adequacy Index in Young People in Syria
Full text linkObjective: To assess, the degree of adherence to Mediterranean Diet (MD) in Syrian young people, and studying the effect of some variables on Mediterranean Adequacy Index (MAI) value and its comparison with other studies in Spain and Mediterranean area. Background: It has been observed that the Syrian population, especially the young ones, are abandoningthe (MD), which affects in long term their health, the same has been observed in Spanish youth. The longitudinal study of the “seven counties” involved active rural population in Italy, was firstly demonstrated the progressively abandoning of MD. Methods: The sample under the study was 204 young people (41.7% men and 58.3% women) in the area of Damascus (65% were students). They filled in a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire, then the Mediterranean Adequacy Index (MAI) was computed by dividing the sum in gram of typical Mediterranean food Groups (Cereals, Legumes, Fruits,Fish), by the sum in gram of non-typical Mediterranean food groups (Meats, Eggs, Cookies and cakes, dairy). It was used the SPSS program to study the correlation between the variables and MAI of the sample. Results: The average MAI of the young sample was (1.17) which is lower than another study in Spanish young people and much lower than 7.2 in Italy several decades ago. Those results demonstrated that the young Syrian are abandoning the Mediterranean Diet as well asnthe Spanish young people. The caloric profile has changed over time that results in lower consumption of carbohydratesand higher consumption of protein and lipids, similar to almost Mediterranean area. Moreover the war has an impact onthe type of food consumed which affect MAI. The lipid profile (measured by the cocient of intake of Mono UnsaturatedFatty Acids (MUFA) and Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) divided by Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA) of the sample was 3.71 better than other studies in Spain 1,69, 1,71 (the recommended value should be > 2). This illustrates a moderate consumption of olive and vegetable oil, but poor consumption of meat and eggs in contrast of Spanish diet
Prevalence of Cardiac Depression and its Related Factors among Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Full text linkCardiac depression is one of the most common psychological reactions of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cardiac depression and its related factors among patients with ACS. Thiscross-sectional study was conducted during 2016 in patients with ACS who were admitted to hospitals affiliated to theMazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. In the present study, 407 patients completed the Cardiac DepressionScale (CDS) within two months (March - June). The data were analyzed by a chi-square test and a general linear modelmultivariate analysis. According to the results, the mean cardiac depression score in patients with ACS was 109.00 ± 16.49(CI95: 107.39 to 110.60). Among the participants, 37 (9.1%), 72 (17.7%), and 298 (73.2%) patients had mild, moderate,and severe levels of depression, respectively. Although the two-way ANOVA was not significant, but there was a differencebetween cardiac depression score of a type of ACS. Given the high prevalence of cardiac depression among these patients,it is necessary to develop measures for routine screening in cardiac treatment units
Cutaneous Symptoms and Rashes in Patients with HIV-Positive Infections (A review article)
Full text linkIdentifying the cutaneous symptom associated with HIV positive disease and investigating the kind of rashes can be helpful in early diagnosis of the disease. The extensity of skin disorders in HIV infection is widespread. Examination of the skin of these patients can be a good indicator of the status of the immune system as well as the patient's psychological status and also in early diagnosis can make a worthy help. We carried out a literature search (From 1990 to 2016) related to this issue through Google Scholar, Pub-MED, Scopus, Science Direct, and Iran DOC, by using keywords cutaneous symptoms, HIVpositive, skin infection, warts, early diagnosis. Among 124 articles only 51 papers were related to skin infections. Review of the associated research, investigation the skin infections in HIV patients and early diagnosis made a great help in the treatment process, particularly in people with high-risk behaviors which leads to diagnosis the HIV in the early stages. The results of this study suggest the importance of cutaneous symptom in patients with HIV infection and early diagnosis to start the medical procedures
Individual and External Catalysts and Barriers of Biking: A Community Based Study in a Metropolis
Full text linkBiking has proven health, environmental and traffic benefits. To prevail biking at community infrastructures and "BicycleSharing Systems (BSS)" have been developed, but their effectiveness is dependent on people's attitudes and perceptions.We aim to investigate attitudes of people toward biking and related infrastructures with regard to demographic factors inMashhad, Iran-a metropolis with unsuccessful BSS. The present work was conducted as a cross-sectional study at Mashhad,Iran, in 2015. In a multistage sampling, adult inhabitants were selected and data about their perceptions of benefits andbarriers of biking were collected through a researcher-designed questionnaire. Of 437 study participants with a mean(±SD) age of 29.9 (±11.3) years, 250 (57.3%) were female. Only 3 (0.7%) of respondents used bikes. Positive attitudeswere significantly associated with gender, marital status and occupation of participants. Car ownership was accompaniedby higher perceptions of "tiredness of biking"(p=0.02), its "low safety" (p=0.02) and "time wasting" (p=0.01). According tothe results, cultural interventions are needed for biking promotion regardless of their socioeconomic status. Educationalprograms at academic settings are also valuable. Safety, convenience, and affordability of different groups of populations(like elderly and deprived people) should be regarded during designing and constructing biking infrastructures and settingparticipation rules