130,172 research outputs found
Chan An Ancient Maya Farming Community
No full textThe farming community of Chan thrived for over twenty centuries, surpassing the longevity of many larger Maya urban centers. Between 800 BC and 1200 AD it was a major food production center, and this collection of essays reveals the important role played by Maya farmers in the development of ancient Maya society. Chan offers a synthesis of compelling and groundbreaking discoveries gathered over ten years of research at this one archaeological site in Belize. The contributors develop three central themes, which structure the book. They examine how sustainable farming practices maintained the surrounding forest, allowing the community to exist for two millennia. They trace the origins of elite Maya state religion to the complex religious belief system developed in small communities such as Chan. Finally, they describe how the group-focused political strategies employed by local leaders differed from the highly hierarchical strategies of the Classic Maya kings in their large cities. In breadth, methodology, and findings, this volume scales new heights in the study of Maya society and culture.Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Introducing the Chan Site: Farmers in Complex Societies -- Part 1. Time, Space, and Landscapes -- 2. A Changing Cultural Landscape: Settlement Survey and GIS at Chan -- 3. Ceramics and Chronology at Chan -- 4. Agricultural Practices at Chan: Farming and Political Economy in an Ancient Maya Community -- 5. Agroforestry and Agricultural Production of the Ancient Maya at Chan -- Part 2. Life in a Farming Community Center -- 6. Ritual in a Farming Community -- 7. Nonroyal Governance at Chan's Community Center -- 8. "Empty" Spaces and Public Places: A Microscopic View of Chan's Late Classic West Plaza -- Part 3. Diversity across the Chan Community -- 9. Recognizing Difference in Small-Scale Settings: An Examination of Social Identity Formation at the Northeast Group, Chan -- 10. Organization of Chert Tool Economy during the Late and Terminal Classic Periods at Chan: Preliminary Thoughts Based upon Debitage Analyses -- 11. Limestone Quarrying and Household Organization at Chan -- Part 4. Bodies, Material Culture, and Meaning -- 12. The Chan Community: A Bioarchaeological Perspective -- 13. Creating Community with Shell -- 14. Obsidian Acquisition, Trade, and Regional Interaction at Chan -- 15. Contextualizing Ritual Behavior: Caches, Burials, and Problematical Deposits from Chan's Community Center -- Part 5. Conclusion -- 16. Learning from an Ancient Maya Farming Community -- References -- List of Contributors -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- V -- W -- X -- YThe farming community of Chan thrived for over twenty centuries, surpassing the longevity of many larger Maya urban centers. Between 800 BC and 1200 AD it was a major food production center, and this collection of essays reveals the important role played by Maya farmers in the development of ancient Maya society. Chan offers a synthesis of compelling and groundbreaking discoveries gathered over ten years of research at this one archaeological site in Belize. The contributors develop three central themes, which structure the book. They examine how sustainable farming practices maintained the surrounding forest, allowing the community to exist for two millennia. They trace the origins of elite Maya state religion to the complex religious belief system developed in small communities such as Chan. Finally, they describe how the group-focused political strategies employed by local leaders differed from the highly hierarchical strategies of the Classic Maya kings in their large cities. In breadth, methodology, and findings, this volume scales new heights in the study of Maya society and culture.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Discovering Chan Chan: modern technologies for urban and architectural analysis
No full textSince 2002, the Italian Mission of CNR-ITABC has been operating in the archaeological complex of Chan Chan (Peru), which is the largest pre-Columbian settlement entirely built with adobe. In 1989 Chan Chan was placed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. The main purpose of the work is aimed at the conservation, documentation and use of the site and of the territory that is related to Chan Chan from a historical and cultural point of view. The urban structure of Chan Chan, which is spread over a surface of 14 km2, has a number of buildings which characterizes the town at both an architectural (ciudadelas, huacas, huachaques) and decorative level (bas-reliefs, geometrical motifs). In order to achieve our research goals, we had to arrange for the combined use of various analysis techniques that would provide both urban and architectural information about the town. The data we obtained allowed us to make a more up-to-date interpretation of the urban fabric and revealed intriguing details regarding the construction phases of one of its palaces which will be helpful both for the planning of the Archaeological Park and the restoration project of the Palacio Rivero
Dissemination in archaeology: a GIS-based StoryMap for Chan Chan
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of exploiting a geographic information system (GIS)-based data management, designed and implemented for an important monumental site. In particular, data collected during the years have been used to create a storytelling experience to disseminate the tangible and intangible heritage of Chan Chan (Peru), the wider site in mud bricks of Latin America. Design/methodology/approach: The paper discusses the steps that have been performed to use the data stored in a GIS, arguing over the importance of sharing the knowledge through web-based tools, and in particular by the implementation of a storytelling. In this context, the data were structured in interoperable forms in order to preserve the universal value of the archaeological site. The exploitation in an all-in-one solution of the archival research, field surveys and planning represents a step forward for let known ancient testimonies to the whole mankind. Findings: The GIS-based inventories represent the backbone for an affordable management of heritage resources. The novelty of the proposed approach lies on the creation of an integrated, accessible and updatable data system sharable on web. Originality/value: The GIS of Chan Chan is an example of documentation of a wide archaeological area (14 km2) with complex and heterogeneous data. The developed web tool makes use of these data which can be queried even by non-expert users. The pipeline of this paper can act as useful guidelines to practitioners and researchers who want to disseminate cultural information
Project Soothe: Images nos. 1 to 656
No full text# Overview #
This dataset includes 621 images donated to Project Soothe by volunteers through the Project Soothe website, numbered #1 to #656 except for a small number which were excluded for the reasons listed in the file "Note_images_removed_and_privacy.txt". For a more detailed overview of the research please see "Wilson, A; Schwannauer, M; McLaughlin, A; Ashworth, F; Chan, S. 2017, 'Vividness of positive mental imagery predicts positive emotional response to visually-presented Project Soothe pictures' British Journal of Psychology, pp. 1-18. DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12267".
# Feedback # The Project Soothe team would love to hear any ideas, suggestions, plans for (or outcomes from) use of these images for therapeutic applications and/or further research. Please contact the team via http://www.projectsoothe.com/contact or [email protected] .
# Permissions # Use of these images for purposes *other* than research or therapy is *not* permitted. For further details please see the Rights field.All but four of the original images were in JPEG format (.JPG) while four were in PNG format. These are contained in one zip file "validated_images_original_JPEGs_PNGs.zip". Additionally, copies in JPEG-2000 have been added for long-term accessibility and sustainability. These are contained in the second zip file "validated_images_JPEG-2000s.zip"; these may be viewed using software such as GIMP, an open-source image editing package, or Adobe Acrobat
ESQUINA MULTIMEDIA – MUSEUM EXHIBITION FOR THE VISUALIZATION OF CHAN CHAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE
No full text[EN] Chan Chan, an archaeological site located at Trujillo, Peru, is a huge historical settlement very large and difficult to visit
and some well-conserved architecture, like Huaca Arco Iris, is very far from the core centre of the site. Furthermore many
other heavy factors, as illegal excavations, marine salt transported by the wind and the sometime devastating
phenomenon of the Niño, are the reasons of the lost of many decorative elements, which are covered due to
conservation issues. To overcome the aforesaid problems, we designed, developed and realized the museum exhibition
called “Esquina Multimedia”, providing the tourists with interactive and enjoyable applications. An Augmented Reality
application has been developed in order to discover ancient artefacts that are invisible because covered by the earth (or
by protection structures). A web-browser has been specifically designed to show bas-relieves, with HD visualization and
with anaglyph stereoscopic view. Herewith, a wall-mounted panel representing a metric 3D reconstruction by an accurate
survey of the building helps the user to find the artefact position.Pierdicca, R.; Malinverni, ES.; Frontoni, E.; Colosi, F.; Orazi, R. (2016). ESQUINA MULTIMEDIA – MUSEUM EXHIBITION FOR THE VISUALIZATION OF CHAN CHAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE. En 8th International congress on archaeology, computer graphics, cultural heritage and innovation. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 274-276. https://doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica8.2016.3191OCS27427
Coulter, Chan L., July 23, 1996 [Interview]
No full textProfessor of Philosophy Chan L. Coulter was interviewed on June 17, 1996, by Michael Birkner and David Hedrick about his career at Gettysburg College, including memorable colleagues, classes, and controversies.Dunn, Seymour B.; Glatfelter, Charles H.; Hanson, C. Arnold; Crapster, Basil L.; Barnes, Robert D.; Baskerville, Edward J.; Mara, Richard T.; Qually, Ingolf; Bugbee, Bruce W.; Richardson, Norman E.; Bolich, Harry F.; Arms, Richard A.; Mason, Francis C.; Taylor, Kathrine Kressmann; Schmidt, Emile O.; Glassick, Charles E.; Potts, David B.Willard S. Paul Years; Carl Arnold Hanson Years; Charles E. Glassick Years; Gordon A. Haaland Year
Chan-Sik Kim
No full text학위논문(박사)--아주대학교 일반대학원 :의학과,2014. 2I. INTRODUCTION 1
A. Age-related oxidative renal injury 1
B. AGEs and oxidative stress 2
C. High mobility group box protein-1 and receptor for AGE 3
D. Role of podocyte in glomerular pathobiology 3
E. Exercise and renal injury 4
F. Korean red ginseng and renal injury 5
G. Obesity-related renal injury 6
H. Aims of study 6
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 8
A. KRG preparation 8
B. Animals and experimental design 8
C. Analysis of metabolic data 9
D. In vitro assay of the cross-linking of glycated proteins 10
E. Immunohistochemical staining 10
F. Double staining for TUNEL and Wilms tumor antigen-1 11
G. Apoptosis analysis 11
H. Statistical analysis 12
III. Results 13
A. Body weight and blood lipid profile 13
B. CML accumulation in renal tissues 16
C. Oxidative DNA damage in renal tissues 18
D. Apoptosis assay in renal tissues 20
E. Expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in renal tissues 22
F. Caspase-3 activation 25
G. Glomerular podocyte loss 27
H. Inhibitory effect of KRG on glycated proteins cross-linking in vitro. 31
I. Body weight and blood lipid profile 33
J. Oxidative DNA damage in renal tissues 36
K. Protein glycations in renal tissues 38
L. Apoptosis assay in renal tissues 40
M. HMGB1 cytoplasmic translocalization in renal tissues 42
N. RAGE Expression in renal tissues 44
IV. DISCUSSION 47
V. CONCLUSION 53
VI. REFERENCES 54
국문요약 67MasterA decline in renal function is seen commonly in aging. Aging further increase oxidative stress in the kidney and are associated with reduced renal function. Aging is progressive accumulation of oxidative agents. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs) formation has been implicated in the aging process. Obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) may reduce renal function. However, the impact of obese on the age-related renal disease is not well understood. Exercise reduces oxidative stress. Korean red ginseng (KRG) has been reported to ameliorate oxidative tissue injury and has an anti-aging effect. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether HFD would accelerate ᴅ-galactose (GAL)-induced renal injury and to examine the preventive effects of a regular exercise and KRG on GAL/HFD -induced renal injury.
In the first experiment, age-related renal injury was induced by an administration with GAL (100 mg/kg, i.p.) in the absence or presence of high-fat diet (60% kcal as fat) for 9 weeks. The exercise group was trained on a motorized treadmill for 60 min/day, 5 times/week over the same period. In the second experiment, in vitro inhibitory effect of KRG on AGEs-cross-linking was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and KRG (200 mg/kg/day) was given to GAL plus HFD-induced aging rats for 9 weeks.
Immunohistochemical staining for 8-OHdG (a specific marker of oxidative DNA damage) and CMLs (a marker of both glycation and lipoxidation reactions) revealed that GAL-treated rats fed a HFD showed aggravated renal injury associated with more pronounced renal AGEs/ALEs formation and oxidative DNA damage. In TUNEL assay, the numbers of TUNEL-positive cell in the GAL/HFD group were significantly higher than the GAL group. The expression of activated caspase-3 protein and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio also were significantly increased in the GAL/HFD group than that in the GAL group. Moreover, imuunohistochemical staining for synaptopodin and WT-1, well-known podocyte markers, revealed that HFD aggravates the loss of podocytes in renal glomeruli. However, the regular exercise restored all these renal changes in HFD plus GAL-treated rats.
KRG inhibited AGEs and collagen cross-link at ten-fold less concentration (IC50=55.65 μg/ml) than aminoguanidine (IC50=563.54 μg/ml), a well-known glycation inhibitor. When rats were fed with a HFD for 9 weeks in GAL-induced aging rats, renal AGEs accumulation, extracellular high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), a signal of tissue damage) and receptor for AGE (RAGE) were extensively expressed in renal tissues of the GAL/HFD group than that in the GAL group. HMGB1 was clearly translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in renal tubular epithelial cells. However, treatment of HFD plus GAL-induced aging rats with KRG restored all these renal changes.
In summary, when rats were fed with a HFD for 9 weeks in GAL-induced aging rats, oxidative DNA damage, protein glycations, renal cell apoptosis and cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1 were caused in renal glomerular cells and tubular epithelial cells. However, the regular exercise and KRG treatment restored all these renal changes in GAL/HFD-treated rats. Therefore, this study suggested that long-term HFD may accelerate the deposition of AGEs/ALEs and oxidative renal injury in GAL-treated rats. This HFD-increased renal injury in GAL-induced aging rats could be suppressed by regular exercise and KRG through the repression of oxidative injury
R. P. F. Mercenier et Chan. Franç. Paris — La prière des églises de rite byzantin, Tome II, lre pie. Amay-sur-Meuse (Belgique), [1939]
No full textLanversin F. de. R. P. F. Mercenier et Chan. Franç. Paris — La prière des églises de rite byzantin, Tome II, lre pie. Amay-sur-Meuse (Belgique), [1939]. In: Mélanges de l'Université Saint-Joseph, tome 22, 1939. pp. 213-214
MANUAL DE LA FLORA VASCULAR DEL COMPLEJO ARQUEOLÓGICO CHAN CHAN (TRUJILLO, LA LIBERTAD, PERÚ)
No full textChan Chan (prov. Trujillo, región La Libertad, Perú) es la ciudadela urbana precolombina más grande del mundo construida de adobe y barro por la sociedad Chimú (900 d.C. - 1460 d.C.). Es reconocida como Patrimonio Cultural de la Nación, y por la UNESCO como Patrimonio Cultural de la Humanidad e incluida en la Lista del Patrimonio de la Humanidad en peligro. En el Complejo Arqueológico (C.A.) Chan Chan existe una vegetación natural importante; sin embargo, ha sido deteriorada sistemáticamente por la población a través del tiempo (acción antrópica) a fin de ampliar la frontera agrícola y urbanística. De modo que su estudio solamente puede efectuarse en sus remanentes de vegetación nativa. En este contexto, se da a conocer a modo de un Manual la Flora vascular silvestre más representativa y las Comunidades vegetales del C.A. Chan Chan. El estudio se basó en colecciones efectuadas en diferentes visitas periódicas al área de estudio entre 2010 y 2015, revisión de ejemplares de herbario y consulta bibliográfica. Las colecciones botánicas fueron depositadas en el Herbario HUT. Se definieron las comunidades vegetales: A) Vegetación macrotérmica-xerofítica (Algarrobales, espinales y zapotales), B) Matorrales, C) Gramadales, D) Totorales, E) Tifales, F) Vega de ciperáceas o Juncales, G) Comunidades acuáticas, H) Comunidades del borde de los humedales. Se registraron 39 familias, 89 géneros y 106 especies. Pteridophyta (Helechos) presenta 3 familias, 3 géneros y 3 especies. Magnoliophyta (Angiospermas): 36 familias, 86 géneros y 103 especies. En esta división la clase Magnolipsida (Dicotiledóneas) con 30 familias, 68 géneros y 79 especies es la más diversa versus la clase Liliopsida (Monocotiledóneas) con 6 familias, 18 géneros y 24 especies. Las familias más diversas son: Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Cyperaceae y Solanaceae; totalizando 42 géneros (47.19% del total) y 50 especies (47.17% del total). Se brindan claves dicotómicas para determinar las familias, géneros y especies, sus nombres científicos y vulgares, descripciones taxonómicas, ilustraciones, distribución, usos y un glosario. Palabras Claves: Chan Chan, flora vascular, comunidades vegetales, uso de plantas, región La Libertad.ABSTRACTChan Chan (Trujillo province, La Libertad region, Peru) is the largest pre-Columbian urban citadel in the world built of adobe and mud by the Chimú society (900 AD - 1460 AD). It is recognized as Cultural Heritage of the Nation, and by UNESCO as Cultural Heritage of Humanity and included in the List of World Heritage in danger. In the Chan Chan Archaeological Complex there is an important natural vegetation; however, it has been systematically deteriorated by the population over time (anthropic action) in order to expand the agricultural and urban frontier. So its study can only be carried out on its remnants of native vegetation. In this context, we provide a Manual of the most representative wild vascular flora and the plant communities of Chan Chan Archaeological Complex Chan Chan. The study was based on collections made in different periodic visits to the study area between 2010 and 2015, review of herbarium specimens and bibliographic consultation. The botanical collections were deposited in the HUT Herbarium. The plant communities were defined: A) Macrothermic-xerophytic vegetation (Algarrobales, espinales and sapotales), B) Shrubbery, C) Grasslands, D) Totorales, E) Tifales, F) Juncales, G) Aquatic communities, H) Communities on the edge of wetlands. 39 families, 89 genera and 106 species were registered. Pteridophyta (Ferns) has 3 families, 3 genera and 3 species. Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms): 36 families, 86 genera and 103 species. In this division the Magnolipsida class (Dicotyledonous) with 30 families, 68 genera and 79 species is the most diverse versus the Liliopsida class (Monocotyledonous) with 6 families, 18 genera and 24 species. The most diverse families are: Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Cyperaceae and Solanaceae; totaling 42 genera (47.19% of the total) and 50 species (47.17% of the total). Dichotomous taxonomic keys are provided to determine families, genera, and species, their scientific and vulgar names, taxonomic descriptions, illustrations, distribution, uses, and a glossary.Key Words: Chan Chan, vascular flora, plant communities, use of plants, La Libertad region.
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