29 research outputs found
Religion and Pluralism before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights: From Individualizing Religious Freedom to Deregulating the Religious Market
No full textWith the rise of religious diversity within domestic societies, religion and religious pluralism have become increasingly important issues around the world. Therefore, it is important to examine the legal regulations governing religion and religious freedom, particularly in light of international human rights—the ultimate guarantee of individual rights. This article examines the regulation of religion, religious freedom, and religious pluralism by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (the Court). Despite the central role religion plays in the social dynamics of the Americas, it has been largely absent from the Court’s jurisprudence. The latter discussed religion in a few cases only, thus making sporadic—but nevertheless key—findings regarding the regulation of religious freedom within its jurisdiction. Analysing these findings, as exposed in the corresponding judgments and advisory opinions, reveals the creative and progressive approach that the Court takes on religion, religious freedom, and religious pluralism
Religious Pluralism in International Human Rights Law
No full textIn the early decades of the XX century, religion, as a social fact, was considered a dying agent. Social scientists had settled for the upcoming death of religion and the gradual secularization of society and individual minds. In the late decades of the same century, though, a radical shift shook that paradigm: field observation showed religion was still present within society and individual minds, it was only hiding behind new patterns and new dynamics. It was becoming more individual an experience, less rigid, more spiritual, and relegating religious institutions and prominent religious figures to a very limited and narrow dimension of social life. As a result of this individualization process, religious diversity, within domestic societies, also augmented. Thus, it drove diversity and Pluralism to the forefront of social issues. Therefore, this research intends to explore the issue of Pluralism from the international human right to freedom of religion and belief. More precisely, it will part from the international legal regulation of religious diversity, as enacted by human rights courts and treaty bodies, and will confront it to the sociological findings regarding the dynamics of religiosity in society. In other words, using the pragmatic methodology of the sociological school of jurisprudence, the research will confront the existing law, as it emanates from international courts and treaty bodies, to its context of application as materialized by sociology and its empirical methodologies. Then it will conclude on the pluralistic system that the right to freedom of religion and belief entails, thus proposing the religious Pluralism that animates the heart of international human rights law
State and Church Relationships under the European Convention on Human Rights: A Value Framework for State Action
No full textAs they impact the condition of religious groups, and in fine that of the very individuals composing them, state-church relationships are an important dimension of religious freedom. The way states interact with religious groups, communities, and associations has a decisive impact on the religious condition of their members, in their effort to develop their religious beliefs or practices. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to explore the European Court of Human Rights’ regulation of state-church relationships. The research focuses on ECtHR’s judgments issued on article 9, either autonomously or in connection with article 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights. It also considers cases adjudicated upon article 2 of Protocol I to the Convention. For optimal consistency with Europe’s social evolution, however, special attention was given to those cases issued from early 2011. The article argues that behind the margin of appreciation granted for states to enact any system they see fit, the Court puts forward limits they cannot trespass. Indeed, the systems adopted have to abide by the values underlying the Convention as a whole. The article argues said values materialize a global framework that unifies states into one European global approach, thus giving a further illustration of the oligopolistic Pluralism that the Court develops in its regulation of individual religious freedom
Neponjatnyj jazyk Kurbskogo: novye podchody k interpretacii „anomalij“ v istoričeskich tekstach
No full textIn 2018, the author published a two-volume monograph in German entitled “Eine Syntax des ‘Novyj Margarit’ des A. M. Kurbskij. Philologisch-dependenzgrammatische Analysen zu einem kirchenslavischen Übersetzungskorpus” (“A Syntax of A. M. Kurbskij’s ‘Novyj Margarit’. A Philological and Dependency-grammatical Study of a Corpus of Church Slavonic Translations”). This article presents some results of the study in Russian and extends and complements the analysis begun in the monograph. The article focuses on the remarkable use of deverbal formations with the suffixes *-m- and *-n- having the meaning of passive necessity such as in до просвещаемы(х)/ad illuminandos ‘to those who have to be enlightened’. It is shown that the phenomenon in question, which can be observed in the Church Slavonic texts by Prince Andrei Kurbskij (1528–1583), should not be considered to be linguistically erroneous, as in the past. The fact that the use of the two formations mentioned is repeated in the same text and that examples of this phenomenon occur in different works by different authors suggests that it reflects a usage with a certain tradition. Consequently, the necessitative use of the deverbal suffixations has to be regarded as correct. In addition, a more systematic analysis makes it possible to show that a considerable number of other linguistic “anomalies” in Kurbskij’s works do not actually represent “anomalies”, or at least they are not linguistic errors of Kurbskij’s
Innate Immunity Pathways in Autoimmune Diseases
No full textThis eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contac
The mediating effect of dividend payout on the relationship between internal governance and free cash flow
No full textPurposeThis paper aims to examine the mediating effect of dividend payout on the relationship between internal governance mechanisms (board of directors and ownership structure) and the free cash flow level.Design/methodology/approachLinear regression models are used to investigate such relationships applying data from a sample of 207 non-financial firms listed on the Gulf Cooperation Council countries’ stock markets between 2009 and 2016. To test the significance of mediating effect, the author uses the Sobel test.FindingsThe author finds a partial mediation effect of dividend on the relationship between both board independence and managerial ownership and the level of free cash flow. The results confirm the major role of outside directors in corporate governance. This governance mechanism contributes to the protection of shareholders’ interests through a generous dividend policy. However, the author finds that large managerial shareholdings increase the level of free cash flow through lower dividend payouts. This result suggests that powerful managers follow their preference of retaining excess cash to their own interests.Practical implicationsThis paper offers insights to policy-makers of emerging economies interested in the development of the corporate governance. This study provides guidance for firms in the construction and implementation of their own corporate governance policies.Originality/valueThe main contribution of the present paper is to examine the dividend payout as a potential mediating variable between internal governance mechanisms and free cash flow. Moreover, it highlights the issue of efficient management of substantial funds inSharia-compliant and non-Sharia-compliant firms.</jats:sec
Massive pre-prostatic nodal metastasis from localized aggressive prostate cancer removed during robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy with extended pelvic lymph node dissection: a case report with brief literature review
No full textAbstract Background During robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) for prostate cancer (PCa), few attention is given to pre-prostatic fat tissue (PPT) even during pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND). However, the rare potential involvement of PPT lymph nodes (LN) by PCa metastasis has already been reported by several authors and may influence therapeutic strategy in intermediate and high-risk patients. We present the case of a 69-year-old man who underwent RARP with extended PLND (ePLND) for aggressive PCa with massive pre-prostatic nodal metastasis, sampled during prostate biopsies. We sought to report this case for the particular preoperative images and reinforce benefits of resecting PPT during PLND for PCa.Please confirm if the author names are presented accurately and in the correct sequence (given name, middle name/initial, family name). Author 1 Given name: [Moncef] Last name [Al Barajraji].Ok Case presentation A 69-year-old man consulted our department for high serum prostate specific antigen level (57 ng/mL). He had familial history of PCa only at first degree. On digital rectal evaluation, induration of left prostatic lobe was felt. Transrectal ultrasonography showed hypoechogenic lesion in left prostatic lobe with supra-centimetric nodule in PPT. Pelvic magnetic resonance revealed two lesions in the peripheral zone with a 19-mm nodule on right paramedian side of PPT (see Fig. 1). Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies were performed, including the nodule. On left side, 2 biopsies out 6 showed Gleason 10 prostate cancer. On right side, all biopsies showed Gleason 9 prostate cancer. The PPT nodule showed Gleason 9 prostate cancer. Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography computed tomography scan showed hypermetabolic expression from left prostate lesions and PPT nodule. Transperitoneal RARP with ePLND was performed including PPT. Histopathological study revealed advanced prostate cancer with lymphovascular invasion and ECE (see Fig. 2). Evaluation of ePLND material showed metastasis in on pelvic LN and 23 mm nodal metastasis in PPT (see Fig. 2). Therefore, adjuvant therapy was initiated. Please check the edit made in the article title.OPk Conclusions PPT resection is not part of routine RARP with ePLND for PCa. However, this tissue might contain LN harbouring metastasis independently from pelvic LN, indicating adjuvant therapy in case of upstaging. Considering the low morbidity of resecting PPT and its facility, it should always been resected and sent for analysis in intermediate and high-risk PCa
England Calling: A Narratological Exploration of Martin Amis’s 'London Fields'
No full textThis paper will explore connections between fictional narrative methodology and contemporary conceptions of Englishness by applying aspects of Gerald Prince’s (2005) conceptions of a ‘postcolonial narratology’ to Martin Amis’s “London Fields” (1989). Amis has commented that ‘it’s almost an act of will on my part trying not to be an English writer’. However, this paper will suggest that the novel under consideration here exhibits methodological tendencies which have their roots in a protracted engagement with problematic notions of English identity (principally, instability and disengagement) and that postcolonial approaches to narrative technique can lead to very interesting results, even when applied to the work of writers not typically identified with such constituencies. The central point of investigation will be the novel’s exhibition of metafictional tendencies. In “London Fields”, Amis narrates via an authorial surrogate, Samson Young, who purports to be the author of the text, yet becomes implicated in the events of the novel to the point where his actions, rather than his imagination, determine its outcome. It is interesting also in this connection that the novel is voiced by an ‘outsider’ to England, an American.
Prince is intrigued by the possibility that a postcolonial narrative discourse might emerge ‘free of any narratorial introduction, mediation, or patronage.’ He also points to the significance of narratological features such as hybridity, migrancy, otherness, fragmentation, diversity and power relations. Amis’s novel exhibits all of these features, and takes the ambition of authorial invisibility to a paradoxical extreme. Voices, characters, reliability and even actantial events are brusquely ‘disowned’ by the author, resulting in a textual instability and uncertainty which, it will be demonstrated through close textual analysis, is intimately linked to England’s postcolonial condition
Analyticity of solutions to thermo‐elastic‐plastic flow problem with microtemperatures
No full textIn this paper, we study some qualitative and numerical properties of new equations including the coupled effects of thermal elastic-plastic theory with microtemperatures. We establish the necessary and sufficient conditions to guarantee that the model dissipates energy. The one-dimensional case, which corresponds to isotropic hardening problem, is chosen in order to present some qualitative and numerical properties. With the help of the semigroup theory of linear operators, we prove the well-posedness of the one-dimensional problem corresponding to plastic flow. Then, we show that the associated C0−semigroup is not analytical in general, except for a special case. The exponential stability of the solutions is kept in all cases. Finally, a numerical tool, based on the finite element method, is developed to validate the proposed model and to show its capability. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the elastoplastic behavior in the development of this tool.Part of this work was done when the first author visited the laboratory LEM3 of ENSAM of Metz as invited Professor
A new approach to the enigmatic language of Kurbskij and its seeming “anomalies”
No full textIn 2018, the author published a two-volume monograph in German entitled “Eine Syntax
des ‘Novyj Margarit’ des A. M. Kurbskij. Philologisch-dependenzgrammatische Analysen zu
einem kirchenslavischen Übersetzungskorpus” (“A Syntax of A. M. Kurbskij’s ‘Novyj Margarit’.
A Philological and Dependency-grammatical Study of a Corpus of Church Slavonic Translations”).
This article presents some results of the study in Russian and extends and complements
the analysis begun in the monograph. The article focuses on the remarkable use of deverbal
formations with the suffixes *‑m‑ and *‑n‑ having the meaning of passive necessity such as in до просвещаемы(х)/ad illuminandos ‘to those who have to be enlightened’. It is shown that
the phenomenon in question, which can be observed in the Church Slavonic texts by Prince
Andrei Kurbskij (1528–1583), should not be considered to be linguistically erroneous, as in
the past. The fact that the use of the two formations mentioned is repeated in the same text and
that examples of this phenomenon occur in different works by different authors suggests that
it reflects a usage with a certain tradition. Consequently, the necessitative use of the deverbal
suffixations has to be regarded as correct. In addition, a more systematic analysis makes it possible
to show that a considerable number of other linguistic “anomalies” in Kurbskij’s works do
not actually represent “anomalies”, or at least they are not linguistic errors of Kurbskij’s
