920,104 research outputs found
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Effect of estrogen on longitudinal bone growth
No full textLongitudinal bone growth occurs at the growth plate, a thin layer of cartilage between the epiphysis and the metaphysis of long bones. In the growth plate resting chondrocytes proliferate, differentiate into a hypertrophic form, and finally become terminal hypertrophic chondrocytes before giving rise to bone. Estrogen is essential for skeIetal growth. Extreme early puberty often leads to short stature, whereas significantly delayed puberty leads to increased final stature. Moreover, high doses of estrogen were used to prevent extreme tall stature in girls, but the treatment was associated with severe side effects. The effect of estrogen is mediated via two known estrogen receptors, ERalpha and ERbeta that are both expressed in growth plate chondrocytes. Although the effect of estrogen on bone growth is well known, the mechanism of action on longitudinal bone growth is poorly understood.We first studied longitudinal bone growth in female mice lacking ERalpha, ERbeta or both receptors (Paper I). Analysis of bone length and growth plate morphology revealed that ERbeta inhibits longitudinal bone growth. Moreover, in the presence of high serum concentrations of estrogen, stimulation of ERbeta induces growth plate fusion.Expression of both androgen and estrogen receptors were demonstrated within the growth plate. To study any co-interaction between estrogen and androgen receptors, we treated female ovariectomized rats with either estrogen, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or the combination (Paper II). We found that estrogen inhibits longitudinal bone growth and growth plate height whereas DHT is able to counteract this effect. The effect is likely to be associated with systemic actions of these hormones since we found that decreased IGF-I levels in estrogen treated rats were restored by DHT.Estrogen regulates longitudinal bone growth either indirectly, via the modulation of the GH/IGF-I axis, or directly, via binding to estrogen receptors. Direct effects of estrogen were studied in a human chondrocytic cell line and in cultured fetal rat metatarsal bones (Paper III). We show that chondrocytes can synthesize estrogen by themselves and thereby mimic the effect of exogenous estrogen treatment. We also show that locally produced estrogen stimulates chondrocyte proliferation, inhibits apoptosis and maintains bone growth.Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are promising drugs to modulate longitudinal growth offering fewer side-effects. We found that tamoxifen, a well known SERM, diminishes bone growth potential in cultured fetal rat metatarsal bones through selective apoptotic elimination of stem-like chondrocytes (Paper IV). Tamoxifen triggers the Fas/FasL apoptotic pathway and activates the caspases-8, -9 and 3.This thesis increases our understanding of how estrogen exerts its effect on longitudinal bone growth. This knowledge may be valuable for the development of new treatment strategies in children with growth disturbances, e.g. using SERMs to modulate the timing of growth plate fusion and thereby inhibit or stimulate the remaining growth potential.List of scientific papersI. Chagin AS, Lindberg MK, Andersson N, Moverare S, Gustafsson JA, Savendahl L, Ohlsson C (2004). Estrogen receptor-beta inhibits skeletal growth and has the capacity to mediate growth plate fusion in female mice. J Bone Miner Res. 19(1): 72-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14753739II. Tivesten A, Moverare-Skrtic S, Chagin A, Venken K, Salmon P, Vanderschueren D, Savendahl L, Holmang A, Ohlsson C (2004). Additive protective effects of estrogen and androgen treatment on trabecular bone in ovariectomized rats. J Bone Miner Res. 19(11): 1833-9. Epub 2004 Aug 23 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15476584III. Chagin AS, Chrysis D, Takigawa M, Ritzen EM, Savendahl L (2006). Locally produced estrogen promotes fetal rat metatarsal bone growth; an effect mediated through increased chondrocyte proliferation and decreased apoptosis. J Endocrinol. 188(2): 193-203. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16461546IV. Chagin AS, Karimian E, Zaman F, Takigawa M, Chrysis D, Savendahl L (2006). Tamoxifen induces permanent bone growth arrest of metatarsal bones through massive FasL-dependent apoptosis of stem-like chondrocytes. [Submitted]</p
Creative heritage of architect Nikolai Chagin: schemes, reconstructions, buildings
No full textStraipsnyje pristatomas XIX a. antroje pusėje virš dvidešimt metų Vilniaus gubernijos architektu dirbusio Nikolajaus Čiagino gyvenimas ir kūryba, aptariama represinės Michailo Muravjovo politikos įtaka to laiko architektūrai. Neapsiribojama vien sakralinių pastatu projektais, bet taip pat nagrinėjami jo projektuoti gyvenamieji bei pramoniniai objektai. Aptariamas Čiagino brėžinių likimas, jų saugojimo vietos. Per ilgą ir pastatais gausią kūrybinę karjerą Čiaginas projektavo tiek civilinius, net pramoninius, tiek bažnytinius pastatus, atliko labai daug rekonstrukcijų. Daugiausia Čiaginas dirbo sakralinės architektūros srityje, vykdė generalgubernatoriaus Muravjovo politiką Šiaurės-Vakarų krašte. Nors Čiaginas ir jo pagalbininkai stengėsi įvykdyti Muravjovo nurodymus ir perdirbti bažnyčias į cerkves taip, kad jos niekada nebetaptų katalikų šventovėmis, taip neatsitiko. Tiesa, cerkvių laikotarpį primena sunaikinti interjerai, originalius fasadus užstojantys Čiagino laikais statyti Šv. Kazimiero, Šv. Ignoto, Viešpaties Jėzaus (trinitorių), Jėzaus Širdies (vizitiečių) bažnyčių prieangiai. Kad ir kaip šis architektas būtų nemėgiamas už jo atliktus bažnyčių ir vienuolynų perdirbimus, negalima jo darbų išmesti iš XIX a. Lietuvos architektūros konteksto. Kaip ilgametis Vilniaus gubernijos architektas, Čiaginas buvo Rusijos imperijos primestos architektūros pakraipos propaguotojas, okupacinės politikos architektūroje vykdytojas. Visą jo darbo laiką Vilniuje architektą-kūrėją stelbė carinis valdininkas. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Sukilimas, 1863-1864 (Lenkijos ir Lietuvos sukilimas; Sausio sukilimas; January Uprising); Architektas N. Čiaginas, XIX a. Vilniaus architektūra; Bažnyčių perdirbimas į cerkves; Cerkvių statyba; Muravjovo muziejus; N. Čagino brėžiniai; Architect N. Czagin, Vilnius architecture of the late XIXth cent; Commemoration the crushing of the 1863 m. Uprising; N. Chagins drawings; Reconstruction Catholic churches into Russian churches; The Muravyov museumThe article presents the life and creative works of Nikolay Mikhailovich Chagin who more than 20 years worked as an architect of Vilnius guberniya in the second half of the 19th c. Also, it discusses the influence of the repressive policy of Mikhail Nikolayevich Muravjov to that time architecture. It is not limited only to the projects of sacral buildings. The residential and manufacturing objects which were designed by him are analysed, as well. The destiny of Chagin's drawings and their storage places are discussed. During a long and full of building creative career, Chagin designed civil, manufacturing and church buildings and made a lot of reconstructions. Mostly he worked in the sphere of sacral architecture and implemented the policy of Governor General Muravjov in the North-West region. Although Chagin and his helpers tried to implement Muravjov's orders and remake the churches into Orthodox churches in the way they would never be reversed into Catholic ones again, it did not happen. In fact, the period of Orthodox churches is reminded by destroyed interiors and the vestibules of St. Casimir, St. Ignatius, Lord Jesus (Trinitarian) and the Sacred Heart of Jesus' churches which obscure original facades. Although the architect was unloved because of his reconstruction works of churches and monasteries, his works cannot be eliminated from the context of Lithuanian architecture of the 19th c. As a permanent architect of Vilnius guberniya, Chagin was a promoter of the architectural trend which was imposed by the Russian Empire and an executor of an occupational policy in architecture. During all his working period in Vilnius, the architect-creator was upstaged by a tsarist officer
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
Effect of estrogen on longitudinal bone growth [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textLongitudinal bone growth occurs at the growth plate, a thin layer of cartilage between the epiphysis and the metaphysis of long bones. In the growth plate resting chondrocytes proliferate, differentiate into a hypertrophic form, and finally become terminal hypertrophic chondrocytes before giving rise to bone. Estrogen is essential for skeIetal growth. Extreme early puberty often leads to short stature, whereas significantly delayed puberty leads to increased final stature. Moreover, high doses of estrogen were used to prevent extreme tall stature in girls, but the treatment was associated with severe side effects. The effect of estrogen is mediated via two known estrogen receptors, ERalpha and ERbeta that are both expressed in growth plate chondrocytes. Although the effect of estrogen on bone growth is well known, the mechanism of action on longitudinal bone growth is poorly understood. We first studied longitudinal bone growth in female mice lacking ERalpha, ERbeta or both receptors (Paper I). Analysis of bone length and growth plate morphology revealed that ERbeta inhibits longitudinal bone growth. Moreover, in the presence of high serum concentrations of estrogen, stimulation of ERbeta induces growth plate fusion. Expression of both androgen and estrogen receptors were demonstrated within the growth plate. To study any co-interaction between estrogen and androgen receptors, we treated female ovariectomized rats with either estrogen, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or the combination (Paper II). We found that estrogen inhibits longitudinal bone growth and growth plate height whereas DHT is able to counteract this effect. The effect is likely to be associated with systemic actions of these hormones since we found that decreased IGF-I levels in estrogen treated rats were restored by DHT. Estrogen regulates longitudinal bone growth either indirectly, via the modulation of the GH/IGF-I axis, or directly, via binding to estrogen receptors. Direct effects of estrogen were studied in a human chondrocytic cell line and in cultured fetal rat metatarsal bones (Paper III). We show that chondrocytes can synthesize estrogen by themselves and thereby mimic the effect of exogenous estrogen treatment. We also show that locally produced estrogen stimulates chondrocyte proliferation, inhibits apoptosis and maintains bone growth. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are promising drugs to modulate longitudinal growth offering fewer side-effects. We found that tamoxifen, a well known SERM, diminishes bone growth potential in cultured fetal rat metatarsal bones through selective apoptotic elimination of stem-like chondrocytes (Paper IV). Tamoxifen triggers the Fas/FasL apoptotic pathway and activates the caspases-8, -9 and 3. This thesis increases our understanding of how estrogen exerts its effect on longitudinal bone growth. This knowledge may be valuable for the development of new treatment strategies in children with growth disturbances, e.g. using SERMs to modulate the timing of growth plate fusion and thereby inhibit or stimulate the remaining growth potential
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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