341 research outputs found
sj-png-1-aat-10.1177_24723444231175211 – Supplemental material for Spray-Dried Oregano Oil and Lavender Oil Microcapsules for Antibacterial Sports and Leisurewear
No full textSupplemental material, sj-png-1-aat-10.1177_24723444231175211 for Spray-Dried Oregano Oil and Lavender Oil Microcapsules for Antibacterial Sports and Leisurewear by Gizem Ceylan Türkoğlu, Gökhan Erkan, Sinem Yaprak Karavana, Ayşe Merih Sarıışık, Ayşegül Çetmeli Bakadur, Burçin Ütebay and Alina Popescu in AATCC Journal of Research</p
sj-png-2-aat-10.1177_24723444231175211 – Supplemental material for Spray-Dried Oregano Oil and Lavender Oil Microcapsules for Antibacterial Sports and Leisurewear
No full textSupplemental material, sj-png-2-aat-10.1177_24723444231175211 for Spray-Dried Oregano Oil and Lavender Oil Microcapsules for Antibacterial Sports and Leisurewear by Gizem Ceylan Türkoğlu, Gökhan Erkan, Sinem Yaprak Karavana, Ayşe Merih Sarıışık, Ayşegül Çetmeli Bakadur, Burçin Ütebay and Alina Popescu in AATCC Journal of Research</p
Natural gas demand in Turkey
No full textOn average, energy demand of Turkey is mounting by 8% annually, one of the highest rates in the world. Among primary energy sources, natural gas is the fastest growing one in Turkey. Gas consumption started at 0.5 bcm (billion cubic meters) in 1987 and reached approximately 35 bcm in 2007. Turkish natural gas usage is projected to further increase remarkably in coming years. The present paper focuses the characteristics of this demand and estimates short and long-run price and income elasticities of sectoral natural gas demand in Turkey. The future growth in this demand is also forecasted using an ARIMA modelling and the results are compared with official projections. The paper reveals that natural gas demand elasticities are quite low, meaning that consumers do not respond possible abusive price increases by decreasing their demand or substituting natural gas with other energy sources. Since consumers are prone to monopoly abuse by incumbent, there is a need for market regulation in Turkish natural gas market. Based on forecasts obtained, it is clear that the current official projections do not over/under-estimate natural gas demand although past official projections highly overestimated it.Turkish natural gas demand; Elasticity; ARIMA modelling
Regulatory Reform in Turkish Energy Industry: An analysis
No full textThe Republic of Turkey has initiated an ambitious reform program in the most important segments of her energy market; which requires privatization, liberalization as well as a radical restructuring of these industries. However, there is no consensus that the measures introduced are optimal. The present article attempts, first, to evaluate the regulatory framework created by the laws of 2001 in terms of economic efficiency considerations; and second, to determine what still needs to be done to improve the current situation. The paper not only provides an analysis of these reforms but also lists some policy suggestions. The study concludes that despite relatively good legislative framework, in practice, the reforms in Turkey are far from ideal as they are mainly in the form of “textbook reforms”; and therefore a significant amount of work still lies ahead of Turkey to set up a fully fledged energy market.Turkish energy market; Regulation; Restructuring
Static and dynamic properties of CN/Cu(001) surfaces and oxidation, dissociation and bimolecular debarboxylation of isocyanate species adsorbed on Cu(001)
No full textThis dissertation presents an outlines my investigations of static and dynamic properties of adsorbed cyanide (CN) and isocyanate (-NCO) species as well as some of their chemistries. Surface bound CN-containing species have not previously been studied extensively, partially due to the inapplicability of fundamental e-beam based surface analysis techniques for investigations. I had the opportunity in my studies to employ multiple surface probing techniques, i.e. HAS, XPS, NEXAFS, TPD and RAIRS, to compile and cross-examine information from CN, –NCO, and derived species, adsorbed on the Cu(001) surface. While angle resolved He atom scattering (HAS) was employed to identify and investigate the ordered superstructure of CN/Cu(001) surfaces, TOF-HAS was employed to investigate its dynamic properties. The CN/Cu(001) surface induced unprecedented simultaneous coherent He diffraction with a large “classical” multiphonon backscattered He intensity. A superstructure is implied that contains both rigidly bound CN species, which maintain the long range c(10x6) translational symmetry, together with bound highly-dynamic CN species that exhibit large thermally induced displacements. The NEXAFS measurements suggest multiple spatial binding configurations for the adsorbed CN moieties. In addition, TPD spectra of C2N2 desorption from CN/Cu(001) surface were analyzed, using my newly developed method, to determine the activation energies for desorption as a function of CN coverage. There are two reactions of NCO species examined in my studies. The first is the newly discovered mutual reaction between NCO species. This type of interaction had not been seen before, as it is essentially difficult to prepare pure NCO/metallic surfaces. Copper was chosen as a substrate as HNCO exposures of Cu(001) at RT, followed by spontaneous H2 desorption, do produce NCO only surfaces. A thermal treatment of the surface, at 573K, leads to a bimolecular decarboxylation of NCO, leaving a carbodimide species (NCN) on the surface. The sp-hybridized linear NCN moieties, which are bound nearly parallel to the substrate, show high thermal stability. The second reaction of NCO, which I have studied, is its oxidation. In particular, the effect of CN coadsorbates on the oxidation of NCO was studied. It was found that the presence of CN catalyzes a dissociation reaction of NCO species on Cu(001).Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Erkan Ziya Ciftlikl
Synthesis, spectroscopic and electronic structure analyses, DFT studies and molecular docking applications of isatin hydrazone derivatives
No full textThe derivatives of isatin bis-hydrazone compounds formed by adding electron-withdrawing and electrondonating substituents (S1-S7) were synthesized. Chemical structure characterizations of the synthesized compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, LC-QTOF-MS) methods. S1-S7 compounds were optimized with B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level. 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra and chemical shifts were calculated for the compounds at the GIAO/B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level. Experimental and calculated IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR data were compared with each other. Electronic differences created by substituent effects in the skeletal structure were investigated with frontier molecular orbitals contour diagrams and Molecular Electrostatic (MEP) maps. Activities of the designed chemicals against biological receptors at the molecular scale were calculated with docking studies. Compounds S1-S7 were docked to target proteins with PDB ID: 1JNX and 2HQ6 representing breast and colon cancer cells, respectively. Chemical structures with high activity potential were synthesized in the light of the information obtained from the docking results.Cumhuriyet University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (CUBAP) [F-2022-670]The numerical calculations reported in this paper were performed at TUBITAK ULAKBIM, High Performance and Grid Computing Center (TRUBA Resources) . Also, this paper was produced from the thesis of Ceylan ALKAYA YILDIZ. This study is a master's thesis project numbered F-2022-670 supported by Cumhuriyet University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (CUBAP)
A novel turn‐on fluorometric “reporter‐spacer‐receptor” chemosensor based on calix[4]arene scaffold for detection of cyanate anion
No full textHerein, a novel calix[4]arene compound, which was modified by the 2-(2-aminophenyl)benzothiazole fragment with cyanate recognition function was designed based on the reporter-spacer-receptor sensing system. The construction was done via two-step reaction, and the desired sensor 4 was characterized by FT-IR, H-1-, C-13-NMR, and fluorescence spectroscopy along with HRMS data. The sensor candidate showed distinct fluorometric cyanate detection by means of reporter feature of selected benzothiazole constituent. In the presence of cyanate, the sensor gave a turn-on-type fluorescence at 482 nm with a large stokes' shift. Furthermore, it was observed that our fluoroionophore 4 is highly selective toward cyanate over remaining anions such as sulfate, phosphate, fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, chlorate, and nitrate in 10% aqueous solution of DMSO. The 1:2 stoichiometric ratio of the 4-cyanate complex was given the best fit with Job's plot based on the titration data. The association constant (K-a) of sensor 4 with cyanate is determined to be 1.64 x 10(5) M-2. The obtained limit of detection (LOD) value for cyanate anion, 312 nM, clearly revealed the remarkable sensitivity of the chemosensor 4. This supramolecular method provides a highly adaptive technique for the detection of cyanate and so cyanide ions by current international standard methodsUsak University Research Foundation, Grant/Award Number: 2018/SB00
Effect of size and slenderness on the axial-compressive behavior of basalt FRP-confined predamaged concrete
No full textTo investigate the size and slenderness effect on the axial-compressive behavior of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP)-confined predamaged concrete, five groups of concrete cylinders with different sizes and slenderness ratios were designed and tested. The cylinders were axially preloaded to three predamage levels, then repaired using BFRP, and reloaded. The results showed that the concrete predamage had an adverse effect on the ultimate strength and initial elastic modulus of BFRP-confined concrete. Except for the smallest specimens affected by the wall effect, the initial analysis found that the ultimate strength of BFRP-confined concrete decreased with an increase in size and slenderness ratio, and the size and slenderness effect decreased with an increase in BFRP confining pressure, while these increased with the severity of concrete predamage. However, there was no obvious size or slenderness effect on the ultimate strain of BFRP-confined concrete. Through multifactorial analysis, it was confirmed that the ultimate strength of BFRP-confined undamaged and predamaged concrete was influenced by the slenderness. Considering the effect of size, slenderness, and predamage, monotonic and cyclic models were developed for BFRP-confined concrete. Finally, a uniaxial material object was added into OpenSees to provide an effective numerical material model for theoretical analyses and engineering applications. © 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.The present research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51878268) and the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (Grant No. 2020JJ4195).
Part of this research was completed by the first author in collaboration with the third and fourth authors during his one-year visit to Ohio State University. The first author acknowledges the State Scholarship Fund of China Scholarship Council (Grant No. 201606135057) for supporting this work and his research visit to the United States
Synthesis, spectroscopic analysis, DFT studies and molecular docking applications of isatin hydrazone derivatives
No full textFen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kimya Ana Bilim Dalı, Anorganik Kimya Bilim Dalıİsatin (1H-İndol-2,3-Dion) keto ve laktam grubu içeren bir indol çekirdeğidir. 150 yıl önce keşfedilmiş olup günümüzde çok fonksiyonlu heterosiklik bileşikler olarak bilinmektedir. İsatin iskeletini içeren ilaç hedefleri için yeni isatin türevleri yaratma ihtiyacı, tıbbi kimyanın aktif bir alanı için önemlidir. Bu tez çalışmasında isatin bis-hidrazon bileşiklerinin elektron çekici ve elektron verici sübstitüentler eklenerek oluşturulan türevleri (S1-S7) sentezlendi. Sentezlenen bileşiklerin spektroskopik (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, LC-QTOF-MS) yöntemler ile kimyasal yapıların karekterizasyonları aydınlatıldı. S1-S7 bileşikleri B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) seviyesi ile optmize edildi. Bileşikler için GIAO/B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) seviyesinde 1H-NMR ve 13C-NMR spektrumları ve kimyasal kaymaları hesaplandı. Deneysel ve hesaplanan IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR verileleri birbiri ile kıyaslandı. Sübstitüent etkilerinin iskelet yapıda oluşturduğu elektronik farklılıklar öncü moleküler orbitallerin kontur diyagramları ve Moleküler Elektrostatik (MEP) haritaları ile araştırıldı. Docking çalışmaları ile tasarlanan kimyasalların moleküler boyutta biyolojik reseptörlere karşı aktiviteleri hesaplandı. S1-S7 bileşiklerinin meme ve kolon kanserlerine karşı aktiviteleri için sırasıyla PDB ID: 1JNX ve 2HQ6 hedef proteinlerine docklandı. Docking sonuçlarından elde edilen bilgiler ışığında aktivite potansiyeli yüksek olan kimyasal yapılar sentezlendi.In this thesis study, derivatives of isatin bis-hydrazone compounds formed by adding electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituents (S1-S7) were synthesized. Chemical structure characterizations of the synthesized compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, LC-QTOF-MS) methods. S1-S7 compounds were optimized with B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level. 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra and chemical shifts were calculated for the compounds at the GIAO/B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level. Experimental and calculated IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR data were compared with each other. Electronic differences created by substituent effects in the skeletal structure were investigated with frontier molecular orbitals contour diagrams and Molecular Electrostatic (MEP) maps. Activities of the designed chemicals against biological receptors at the molecular scale were calculated with docking studies. Compounds S1-S7 were docked to target proteins with PDB ID: 1JNX and 2HQ6 representing breast and colon cancer cells, respectively. Chemical structures with high activity potential were synthesized in the light of the information obtained from the docking results
A Comparison of the Ballistic Performances of Various Microstructures in Mil-A Armor Steel
No full textKonca, Erkan/0000-0001-8943-091XDue to their advantageous properties, there is a growing interest in developing armor steels containing fully or partially bainitic microstructures. In this study, bainitic and martensitic microstructures were obtained in rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) steel samples and their ballistic protection performances were investigated. RHA (MIL-A-12560) steel samples were subjected to isothermal heat treatments at three different temperatures, where one temperature (360 degrees C) was above the martensite formation start (Ms) temperature of 336 degrees C while the other two (320 degrees C and 270 degrees C) were below. For the assessment of the ballistic protection performance, the kinetic energy losses of the 12.7 mm bullets fired at the test samples were determined. The promising nature of the bainite microstructure was confirmed as the sample isothermally treated at 360 degrees C provided approximately 10% higher ballistic protection as compared to the regular RHA sample of tempered martensite microstructure. However, the ballistic performances of the isothermally treated samples decreased as the treatment temperature went below the Ms temperature. Following the ballistic tests, hardness measurements, impact tests at -40 degrees C, and macro- and microstructural examinations of the samples were performed. No correlation was found between the hardness and impact energies of the samples and their ballistic performances.ROKETSAN Missile Industries Inc. (Ankara, Turkey)This research was funded by ROKETSAN Missile Industries Inc. (Ankara, Turkey). The APC was paid for by the author
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