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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Investıgatıon of entamoeba hıstolytıca frequency ın patıents wıth dıarrhea usıng mıcroscopy, elısa and pcr methods
Get PDFAmaç: Entamoeba histolytica derin konak doku hasarı yapma yeteneğine sahip bir ishal patojenidir. Benzer ancak patojen olmayan türlerin varlığından dolayı rutin tanıda önemli zorluklar bulunmaktadır. Çalışmamızda, ishalli hastalardan seçilen dışkı örnekleri E. histolytica varlığı açısından direkt mikroskobi, trikrom boyama, ELISA ve multipleks real-time PCR ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma ile E. histolytica sıklığının tespit edilmesi ve kullanılan yöntemleri karşılaştırarak tanısal değerlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Çalışmamıza Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi’ne ishal şikayetiyle başvuran hastalardan seçilen 96 dışkı örneği dahil edilmiştir. Çeşitli servis ve polikliniklerden laboratuvarımıza gelen bu örneklerden intestinal amebiyazis şüphesiyle gönderilen, şekilsiz, sulu, kanlı ve/veya mukuslu olanlar dahil edilirken, sert ve şekilli olanlar çalışmaya alınmamıştır. Tüm örneklere; doymuş NaCl çözeltisiyle yoğunlaştırma sonrası direkt mikroskobi, Wheatley trikrom boyama, dışkıda E. histolytica’ya özgü adezin antijeni tespit eden ELISA ve multipleks real-time PCR yöntemleri uygulanmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmada araştırılan 96 örnekten 48’i erkek, 48’i kadın hastalara aittir. Yaş aralığı 0-86 olan hastaların yaş ortalaması 37,32 (standart sapma: ±24,10) olarak hesaplanmıştır. Çocuk yaş grubunda bulunan toplam 25 hastanın yaş ortalaması ise 6,8 (standart sapma: ±5,65) olarak bulunmuştur.
E. histolytica pozitiflik oranı PCR ile %22,9 (n=22), ELISA ile %20,8 (n=20) bulunmuştur. Trikrom boyama ile örneklerin %27,1’inde (n=26) E. histolytica/dispar tespit edilmiştir. Direkt mikroskobik bakıda %35,4 (n=34)’ünde şüpheli amip kist ve/veya trofozoitleri görülmüştür.
Multipleks PCR’da 6 paraziter etken araştırılmış ve en sık (%34,3) B. hominis, daha sonra sırasıyla E. histolytica (%22,9), D. fragilis (%5,2) ve Cryptosporidium spp. (%1,04) pozitifliği tespit edilmiştir. Giardia intestinalis ve Cyclospora cayetanensis ise tüm örnekler için negatif bulunmuştur. 5 örnekte (%5,2) E. histolytica ve B. hominis ve 3 örnekte (%3,1) D. fragilis ve B. hominis birlikte tespit edilmiştir.
PCR yöntemi referans alınarak yapılan istatistiksel analizde, direkt mikroskobinin duyarlılığı %31,8, özgüllüğü %63,5; Wheatley trikrom boyamanın duyarlılığı %40,9, özgüllüğü %77; ELISA yönteminin duyarlılığı %72,7 ve özgüllüğü %94,5 olarak hesaplanmıştır.
Sonuç: E. histolytica’nın etken olduğu amebiyazisin tanısında doğru, hızlı ve maliyet-etkin bir laboratuvar yaklaşımı kritik öneme sahiptir. Ancak patojen E. histolytica’nın, E. dispar/moshkovskii gibi apatojen türlerle morfolojik olarak identik olması gibi temel bazı sorunlarla karşılaşılmaktadır. Bu durum mikroskobinin tanısal duyarlılığını ve özgüllüğünü büyük oranda azaltmaktadır. Bu nedenle oluşturulacak tanı algoritmalarında, ELISA ve/veya PCR gibi ikinci bir yöntemin mikroskobiye eşlik etmesi, sonuçların güvenilirliğini artıracaktır.Objective: Entamoeba histolytica is a diarrheal pathogen capable of causing deep tissue damage. The presence of morphologically similar but non-pathogenic species poses significant challenges in routine diagnosis. In our study, stool samples selected from patients with diarrhea were analyzed for E. histolytica using direct microscopy, trichrome staining, ELISA and multiplex real-time PCR. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of E. histolytica and to assess the diagnostic value of the methods used by comparing them.
Materials and Methods: Our study included 96 stool samples selected from patients who presented to Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Medicine Hospital with complaints of diarrhea. Among these samples, those that were formless, watery, bloody and/or mucous were included in the study. Wheatley trichrome staining, direct microscopy after concentration with saturated NaCl solution, ELISA method to detect E. histolytica-specific adhesin antigen and multiplex real-time PCR were applied to all selected samples.
Results: Of the 96 samples analyzed in the study, 48 belonged to male and 48 to female patients. The ages of the patients ranged from 0 to 86 years, with a mean age of 37,32 (SD: ±24,10). The mean age of the 25 patients in the pediatric age group was found to be 6,8 (SD: ±5,65). The positivity rate of E. histolytica was found to be 22,9% (n=22) by PCR and 20,8% (n=20) by ELISA. Using trichrome staining, E. histolytica/dispar was detected in 27,1% (n=26) of the samples. Amoebic cysts and/or trophozoites were observed in 35,4% (n=34) of the samples by direct microscopic examination.
In the multiplex real-time PCR, six parasitic agents were investigated, and the most common was B. hominis (34,3%), followed by E. histolytica (22,9%), D. fragilis (5,2%), and Cryptosporidium spp. (1,04%). G. intestinalis and C. cayetanensis were found to be negative in all samples. E. histolytica and B. hominis were detected together in 5 samples (5,2%), D. fragilis and B. hominis were detected together in 3 samples (3,1%).
Based on statistical analysis using the PCR method as the reference standard, the sensitivity and specificity of direct microscopy were calculated as 31.8% and 63.5%, respectively; for Wheatley’s trichrome staining, sensitivity was 40.9% and specificity was 77%; and for the ELISA method, sensitivity was 72.7% and specificity was 94.5%.
Conclusion: An accurate, fast and cost-effective laboratory approach is critical in the diagnosis of amebiasis. However, a major challenge is that the pathogenic E. histolytica is morphologically identical to non-pathogenic species such as E. dispar and E. moshkovskii. This significantly limits the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of microscopy. Therefore, in diagnostic algorithms to be established, the use of a second method such as ELISA and/or PCR alongside microscopy will increase the reliability of the results
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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