55 research outputs found
Global Interpretation of Image Classification Models via SEmantic Feature Analysis (SEFA)
No full textDeep learning models have achieved state-of-the-art performance on several image classification tasks over the past years. Several studies claim to approach or even surpass human-levels of performance when using such models to classify images. However, these architectures are notoriously complex, thus making their interpretation a challenge. This limited interpretability, in turn, leads to several issues, such as restricting their applicability to critical domains like health care and finance.Several methods in literature attempt to address this issue by providing local explanations which describe individual predictions or global ones that explain the model behaviour for a specific class. When focusing on global methods, we notice that they are limited with respect to the interpretability queries that they answer. For instance, consider we want to query whether the simultaneous presence of two objects is associated with predicting a specific class. To the best of our knowledge, there is no existing method that can tackle such a query type due to their limited expressivity. In this thesis, we address this limitation by answering the following research question: to what extent can image classification models be interpreted by analysing semantic features extracted from groups of salient image pixels?We begin our study by investigating existing research work to devise the ideal characteristics that an interpretability method should adhere to. Our analysis highlights the aforementioned gap regarding the query complexity that existing methods cover. To address this limitation, we propose a new global interpretability method called SEmantic Feature Analysis (SEFA). To elaborate, it combines explanations of individual image predictions with semantic descriptions provided by human annotators about them, thus extracting the aforementioned semantic features. We argue that by analysing a structured data representation extracted out of semantic features will allow us to answer a wider range of interpretability queries compared to existing methods. The proposed method poses several challenges, such as identifying the number of image annotations required to obtain reliable results at a reasonable annotation cost.Our results show that SEFA provides its users with the flexibility to answer several types of interpretability queries, including the ones that we found existing methods to be lacking. Further experimentation on its hyperparameters using three separate image classification tasks provides us with a set of suggested settings that one should use on similar datasets. Finally, we showcase the ability of SEFA to output semantic features relevant to the model classification behaviour by fine-tuning existing model architectures on biased datasets and evaluating whether the salient semantic features output describe the previous bias.Computer Science | Data Science and Technolog
Advantages and pitfalls of the glycated hemoglobin A1c measurement in acute coronary syndrome: Start simple, evolve to more sophisticated
No full textWe would like to thank Cetin et al1 for their interest in our work titled, “Association of Prediabetes With Higher Coronary Atherosclerotic Burden Among Patients With First Diagnosed Acute Coronary Syndrome”2 about the association of prediabetes with higher coronary atherosclerotic burden among patients with first diagnosed acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Cetin et al reported some concerns about the categorization of the study population using only glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level might be misleading and especially overdiagnosing prediabetic population
Transfer of Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes from contaminated soilless substrate and seeds to microgreens
No full textMicrogreens can be contaminated by various preharvest sources including soilless substrate, plant nutrition solution, water and seeds. The aim of this study was to determine the transfer level of Salmonella, Shiga toxinproducing Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes to the edible part of various type of microgreens from plant nutrient solution -soaked perlite as soilless substrate or seeds. Ampicillin resistant 3 -strain cocktails of Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 and non-resistant L. monocytogenes were independently inoculated into plant nutrient solution -soaked perlite and seeds in low (102-103 CFU/g) and high (105-106 CFU/g) populations. Twenty types of microgreens were grown in inoculated perlite. The seed inoculation was performed on five types of microgreens. Correlations between pathogen transfer levels with seed characteristics and harvest time were assessed. Pathogen populations (1.6 +/- 0.2 to 7.7 +/- 0.1 log CFU/g) transferred to microgreens were dependent on type of pathogen and microgreen but not affected by contamination source and inoculation level. The level of pathogen transferred to microgreens had a moderate to high negative correlations (R2) with seed surface area (-0.551 to -0.781), seed weight (-0.735 to -0.818), and harvest time (-0.332 to -0.919) when grown in Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 inoculated perlite. This study suggests a high risk of pathogen population transferring to microgreens in case of seed or soilless substrate contamination when pathogen growth or survival is supported in plant nutrient solution.Atatuerk University Scientific Research Project Unit (Erzurum, Turkiye) [FDK-2021-9918]This study was funded by Atatuerk University Scientific Research Project Unit (Erzurum, Turkiye) under project number: FDK-2021-9918. The authors acknowledge the support of Mus , Alparslan University-Molecular Biology and Genetics laboratories. The authors also thank technical assistance of Bahad & imath;r Say & imath;nc & imath; and Hasan Is & imath;k
Association of leptin with insulin resistance, body composition, and lipid parameters in postmenopausal women and men in type 2 diabetes mellitus
No full textObjective: To determine the association of leptin with insulin resistance, body composition, and lipid parameters in postmenopausal women and men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This study was conducted in 158 patients (87 postmenopausal women and 71 men) with T2DM, and 99 healthy controls (52 postmenopausal women and 47 men). Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were selected consecutively from the outpatient Endocrinology Service of Cumhuriyet University Hospital, Sivas, Turkey from April 2002 to March 2005. We collected demographic, leptin, insulin resistance, and lipid and body composition parameters. Results: Serum leptin levels of females were significantly higher than those of men in both T2DM, and healthy participants. The basal metabolic rate, fat free mass, and total body water of males, were lower than those of females. In both T2DM and healthy participants, leptin was positively correlated with insulin resistance and body composition parameters in both gender. Serum leptin levels of females were higher compared with males in the same BMI, independent of T2DM. Conclusion: Leptin was associated with insulin, insulin resistance, and body composition parameters (body mass index, basal metabolic rate, body weight, %fat, and fat mass) in participants, with or without T2DM in both genders. Type 2 diabetes mellitus seemed more effective on insulin resistance than obesity. We suggest that the female gender, and fat mass, and not T2DM might have significant influence on leptin levels in age
Nuclear reactors, fuels and Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant
No full textBu yüksek lisans çalışmasında, nükleer enerjinin ortaya çıkışı, nükleer reaktörler ve tipleri, reaktörlerde kullanılan yakıt tipleri, enerji üretimi sonucu ortaya çıkan atıkların idaresi ile Türkiye’de kurulacak olan Mersin Akkuyu Nükleer santralinin anlaşma ve kurulum koşulları araştırılmıştır. Literatür taraması yapıldığında bu kapsamda bir kaynağın olmadığı ve ortaya konulacak bu çalışmayla ilk kez bu konuları birlikte irdeleyen bir tez ortaya çıkarılacaktır. Ülkemizde nükleer santral kurulma çalışmaları ile beraber nükleer enerji, gerekliliği, ortaya çıkacak atıkların çevreye etkileri konusunda tartışmaların arttığı bir dönemde nükleer reaktörlerden elektrik enerjisi üretimi bu çalışma aracılığıyla irdelenmiştir.In this master's thesis, the discovery of nuclear energy, nuclear reactors, reactor types, nuclear fuel types, management of radioactive waste from energy production and construction details and agreement conditions of Akkuyu nuclear power plant to be built in Mersin, Turkey have been studied. Scanning the literature it can be noticed that so far there is no national source that has as wide a scope as of this thesis about the subject so that with this thesis a sufficiently complete treatment of the subject will, for the first time be present for national purposes. This is a time of the first planned construction of a nuclear power plant in Turkey which naturally results in an intense controversy about nuclear energy, its necessity and the environmental effects of nuclear waste. That's why the necessity of a thorough study of the subject becomes more important, as the author claims to provide with this thesis
Netâʾicü’l-efkâr perspektifinden Merginânî'nin El-hidâye eserinin tahlili (kitâbu'l-kerâhiyye özelinde)
No full textBu çalışmada Mergīnânî’nin, el-Hidâye eseri, en önemli şerhlerinden biri olan Fetḥu’l-ḳadîr’in, Kadızâde tarafından kaleme alınan tekmilesi Netâʾicü’l-efkâr perspektifiyle incelenmektedir. Öte yandan eserin tamamını incelemek çalışmanın sınırını aşacağı için bir konu sınırlamasına gidilmiştir.
Müellifinin vefatı dolayısıyla tamamlanamayan eser ancak Kitâbu’l-vekâle’ye kadar yazılmıştır. Eserin kalan kısmını ise Kadızâde Şemseddin Ahmed Efendi, Netâʾicü’l-efkâr fî keşfi’r-rumûz ve’l-esrâr isimli tekmilesiyle tamamlamıştır. Çalışmaya örnek olarak seçilen konu da Kadızâde tarafından yazılan söz konusu tekmiledeki Kitâbu’l-kerâhiyye bölümüdür. Daha önce yapılan çalışmalarda ibâdet ve nikah bahislerinin
sıklıkla çalışılmış olması ve muâmelât bölümlerinin ise çalışmanın sınırlarını aşacağı düşüncesiyle daha önce çalışılmamış bir bölüm olan Kitâbu’l-kerâhiyye bahsi seçilmiştir.
Çalışma boyunca Kadızâde’nin, Netâʾicü’l-efkâr eserinde el-Hidâye’yi ve el-Hidâye şârihlerini desteklediği ve itirazlarda bulunduğu noktaların tespiti yapılmaya çalışılmıştır. İncelemeler neticesinde Netâʾicü’l-efkâr’ın Hanefî fıkhına tesiri ve gerek Netâʾicü’l-efkâr’da gerekse de el-Hidâye’de geçen kavâid-i fıkhiyeler tespit edilmiştir.
Çalışmada ayrıca Şeybânî’nin el-Câmiʿu’ṣ-ṣaġīr’i ile Kudûrî’nin el-Muḫtaṣar’ının, Mergīnânî’nin yazdığı Bidâyetül-mübtedî eseri üzerindeki tesirlerine de temas edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte çalışmada tekmile yazım geleneği üzerine de bazı mülahazalar getirilmiştir.In this study, Marghinānī 's work al-Hidāya is analyzed from the perspective of Natāʾij al-Afkār, one of his most important commentaries, Fatḥ al-Qadīr’s takmila written by Kadızâde. Since dealing with the entirety of these works would have constituted an issue with regard to the scope of the present work, I have limited the scope of the study. Having passed away before the completion of al-Hidāya, the author was able to write up to Kitāb al-Wakāla. The rest of the book was completed by Kadızâde Şemseddin Ahmed Efendi with a supplement entitled Natāʾij al-Afkār fī Kashf al-Rumūz wa al-Asrār. Kitāb al-Karāhiyya, which is one of the subjects covered by Kadızâde in the supplement, consitutes the subject matter of the present study. The subjects of ʿibāda (worship) and nikāḥ (marriage) of al-Hidāya were often covered in the previous scholarship. The subjects of muʿāmalāt would have gone beyond the scope of the present work. Hence, I have decided to study Kitāb al-Karāhiyya, which is a subject that is not covered in the scholarship previously. Throughout the study, it has been tried to determine the points where Kadızâde supported al-Hidāya and al-Hidāya commentators in his work Natāʾij al-Afkār and made objections. The study determines the influence of Natāʾij al-Afkār upon the Ḥanafī school of law and al-qawāʿid al-fiqhiyya (legal principles) found in either Natāʾij al-Afkār or al-Hidāya. The present work also notes the influence of al-Jāmiʿ al-Ṣaghīr of al-Shaybānī and al-Mukhtaṣar of al-Qudūrī upon Bidāya al-Mubtadī of al-Marghinānī. However, in the study, some considerations have been brought about the tradition of tekmile writing
Netâ?icü'l-efkâr perspektifinden Merginânî'nin el-Hidâye eserinin tahlili (Kitâbu'l-Kerâhiyye özelinde)
No full textIn this study, Marghinani 's work al-Hidaya is analyzed from the perspective of Nata?ij al-Afkar, one of his most important commentaries, Fat? al-Qadir's takmila written by Kadızâde. Since dealing with the entirety of these works would have constituted an issue with regard to the scope of the present work, I have limited the scope of the study. Having passed away before the completion of al-Hidaya, the author was able to write up to Kitab al-Wakala. The rest of the book was completed by Kadızâde Şemseddin Ahmed Efendi with a supplement entitled Nata?ij al-Afkar fi Kashf al-Rumuz wa al-Asrar. Kitab al-Karahiyya, which is one of the subjects covered by Kadızâde in the supplement, consitutes the subject matter of the present study. The subjects of ?ibada (worship) and nika? (marriage) of al-Hidaya were often covered in the previous scholarship. The subjects of mu?amalat would have gone beyond the scope of the present work. Hence, I have decided to study Kitab al-Karahiyya, which is a subject that is not covered in the scholarship previously. Throughout the study, it has been tried to determine the points where Kadızâde supported al-Hidaya and al-Hidaya commentators in his work Nata?ij al-Afkar and made objections. The study determines the influence of Nata?ij al-Afkar upon the ?anafi school of law and al-qawa?id al-fiqhiyya (legal principles) found in either Nata?ij al-Afkar or al-Hidaya. The present work also notes the influence of al-Jami? al-?aghir of al-Shaybani and al-Mukhta?ar of al-Quduri upon Bidaya al-Mubtadi of al-Marghinani. However, in the study, some considerations have been brought about the tradition of tekmile writing.Bu çalışmada Merginânî'nin, el-Hidâye eseri, en önemli şerhlerinden biri olan Fet?u'l-?adîr'in, Kadızâde tarafından kaleme alınan tekmilesi Netâ?icü'l-efkâr perspektifiyle incelenmektedir. Öte yandan eserin tamamını incelemek çalışmanın sınırını aşacağı için bir konu sınırlamasına gidilmiştir. Müellifinin vefatı dolayısıyla tamamlanamayan eser ancak Kitâbu'l-vekâle'ye kadar yazılmıştır. Eserin kalan kısmını ise Kadızâde Şemseddin Ahmed Efendi, Netâ?icü'l-efkâr fî keşfi'r-rumûz ve'l-esrâr isimli tekmilesiyle tamamlamıştır. Çalışmaya örnek olarak seçilen konu da Kadızâde tarafından yazılan söz konusu tekmiledeki Kitâbu'l-kerâhiyye bölümüdür. Daha önce yapılan çalışmalarda ibâdet ve nikah bahislerinin sıklıkla çalışılmış olması ve muâmelât bölümlerinin ise çalışmanın sınırlarını aşacağı düşüncesiyle daha önce çalışılmamış bir bölüm olan Kitâbu'l-kerâhiyye bahsi seçilmiştir. Çalışma boyunca Kadızâde'nin, Netâ?icü'l-efkâr eserinde el-Hidâye'yi ve el-Hidâye şârihlerini desteklediği ve itirazlarda bulunduğu noktaların tespiti yapılmaya çalışılmıştır. İncelemeler neticesinde Netâ?icü'l-efkâr'ın Hanefî fıkhına tesiri ve gerek Netâ?icü'l-efkâr'da gerekse de el-Hidâye'de geçen kavâid-i fıkhiyeler tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca Şeybânî'nin el-Câmi?u'?-?agir'i ile Kudûrî'nin el-Mu?ta?ar'ının, Merginânî'nin yazdığı Bidâyetül-mübtedî eseri üzerindeki tesirlerine de temas edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte çalışmada tekmile yazım geleneği üzerine de bazı mülahazalar getirilmiştir
Treatment response to valproate in case with generalized anxiety disorder resistant to antidepressants
No full textObjective: Pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders is an active research field and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are considered to be the first line of drugs in this treatment. In cases resistant to SSRI, in addition to serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), antiepileptic drugs that have anxiolytic activity by increasing the efficiency of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) such as valproate can be used. Methods: Observational case report. Results: The author describes the use of valproic acid in the treatment of a patient who had resistant anxiety symptoms despite the treatment with SSRIs and SNRIs in appropriate doses for appropriate time. Conclusions: The favorable response obtained with the use of valproate outside of its classical indications in our patient who was resistant to antidepressants indicates that valproate should be considered in anxiety disorders
ASSESSMENT OF THE OUTCOMES OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW MEASUREMENTS AFTER ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF UPPER RIGHT INCISOR TOOTH IN RABBITS
No full textThe cerebral vessels are innervated by sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory nerves. A sensory innervation of the cerebral vessels originating in the trigeminal ganglion has been described in a number of species by several investigations. It has been shown that the electrical stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion causes an increase of cerebral cortical blood flow (CCoBF). The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of dental electrical stimulation the CCoBF in rabbits. A stimulating electrode was located in the upper right incisor tooth of rabbits and trigeminal ganglion was stimulated orthodromically via the infraorbital nerve. Variations in the cortical CCoBF were evaluated by laser-Doppler flowmetry. In experiment group, CCoBF increased together with the beginning of electrical stimulation (5 V, 0.5-ms impulse duration, square-shaped, 10-Hz frequency). The right and left hemisphere CCoBF values of stimulation period at 15s, 30s, 45s, 60s, 75s, and 90s were significantly higher than those of baseline and 105 and 120s (p 0.05). This study demonstrated that the electrical stimulation of the trigeminal nerve's infraorbital branch via dental pulp increases the cortical right and left CCoBF under physiological conditions.CUBAB of Cumhuriyet UniversityThis study was supported by a grant from CUBAB of Cumhuriyet University
Edirne Kadısına ait İ'lâmlar, Mecmûa-İ İ'lâmât, 1201-1202/ 1787-1788 (değerlendirme ve çeviri)
No full textÇalışmamız İBB Atatürk Kitaplığı Muallim Cevdet Yazmaları, nr. K298’te kayıtlı eserin çeviri ve değerlendirmesinden oluşmaktadır. Kütüphanede “Mecmua-i i‘lamat: Edirne sarayının tamiri, 1201-1202 H. yıllarındaki seferlerle, birkaç vekayi’’ ismiyle kayıtlı eser 1201-1202 (1787-1788) yıllarına ait Edirne ile alâkalı kayıtlar içermektedir. Bu kayıtlar eserin muhtevâsı açısından Edirne’de bulunan Saray, kaldırım, köprü, çeşme, ahır tamiri, o yıllardaki sefer, Şâhin Giray’ın Edirne’deki eşyâlarının ve adamlarının akıbeti, Edirne menzillerinin durumu, veraset, katl, nafaka ve alacak – verecek gibi başlıklarda tasnif edilmiştir. Eserde müellifine dair bir isimden bahsedilmemiştir.Our study consists of the transcription and evaluation of the book no. K298 of the IBB Atatürk Library Muallim Cevdet, the book registered with the name “Mecmua-i i‘lamat: Edirne Palace Repair, 1201-1202 with expeditions in Hijri years, a few events’’ contain records related to Edirne in 1201 - 1202 (1787-1788). These records are located in Edirne, the palace, pavement, bridge, fountain, barn repair, war in those years, Şahin Giray's belongings and men in Edirne, the status of the Edirne's menzil (stopover), succession, death, alimony and receivables-will give to issues such as is reserved. The author's name is not mentioned in the works
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