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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Uso de bactérias lácticas da microbiota autóctone como inoculante na ensilagem de palma forrageira
Get PDFThe objective of this work was to evaluate the use of lactic acid bacteria of the
autochthonous microbiota as an inoculant in ensiling forage cactus and its effect on ensiling
losses, fermentative characteristics and bromatological composition of forage cactus silage. A
completely randomized design was used with the following treatments: Control (without
inoculant), 5 major lactic acid-producing lactic cultures (GP21, GP22, GP23, GP24 and GP31)
and 5 major acetic acid producers (GP1; GP2; GP3, GP5 and GP15), with three replicates per
treatment. The fermentative losses of forage cactus silages treated and not treated with
inoculants presented no significant differences (P> 0.05) and ranged from 3.55 to 9.27% for
gas losses (GL) and 3.95 to 10, 47 g / kg for effluent losses (EL). There was significant effect
of the inoculation on the dry matter recovery (DMR) of the silages (P <0.05). The control silage
(untreated) and silages treated with GP2 (Lactobacillus plantarum) had lower dry matter
recovery values (89.30 and 88.49%, respectively) when compared to the other silages. There
was no difference (P> 0.05) for the concentrations of lactic acid (LA), acetic acid (AA),
propionic acid (PA), butyric acid (BA), lactic acid:acetic acid ratio, pH and buffer capacity
(BC) of the treated and untreated forage cactus silages. Was observed mean values ranging
from 0.98 (GP24) to 1.40% in DM (Control) to AA; 0.04 (GP21; GP22) at 0.12% in MS
(Control) for AP; 0.007 (GP15, GP21) at 0.011% in DM (GP3) for BA; the lowest AL/AA ratio
was presented by GP2 treatment (Lactobacillus plantarum) with different behavior and the
highest relation was observed for the treatment GP31 (Lactobacillus plantarum). Averages of
BA and PA were below 0.5%. Mean pH values ranged from 3.87 (GP22) to 4.19 (GP1). For
buffer capacity of the ensiled mass, the mean values ranged from 0.073 (Control) to 0.147 e.mg
/ 100 g DM (GP24), with no effect (P>0.05) among the treatments studied. For dry matter (DM)
and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) values, there was no effect due to the use of the inoculant.
The crude protein (CP) levels obtained in the evaluated treatments (GP1, GP2, GP3 and GP5)
presented significant differences, observing the lowest values in the silages with the presence
of homofermentative inoculant. Both microbial (homo and heterolytic) inoculants provided a
suitable fermentative standard, and demonstrated beneficial particularities. Probably due to the
lower protein degradation (proteolysis) during the fermentation process, the silages inoculated
with heterolactous bacteria had a CP value, similar to the original forage, with higher
proportions of CP compared to the homoláticas strains. Based on this, it would be interesting
to carry out studies with the combination of homofermentative and heterofermentative LABs
in forage cactus silage.Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o uso das bactérias lácticas da microbiota
autóctone como inoculante na ensilagem de palma forrageira e seu efeito sobre as perdas na
ensilagem, características fermentativas e composição bromatológica da silagem de palma
forrageira. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com os seguintes
tratamentos: Controle (sem inoculante), 5 culturas láticas maiores produtoras de ácido láctico
(GP21; GP22; GP23; GP24 e GP31) e 5 maiores produtoras de ácido acético (GP1; GP2; GP3;
GP5 e GP15), com três repetições por tratamento. As perdas fermentativas das silagens de
palma forrageira tratadas e não tratadas com inoculantes não apresentaram diferenças
significativas (P>0,05) e variaram de 3,55 a 9,27% para perdas por gases (PG) e 3,95 a 10,47
g/kg para perdas por efluentes (PE). Houve efeito significativo da inoculação sobre a
recuperação de matéria seca (RMS) das silagens (P<0,05). A silagem controle (não tratada) e
as silagens tratadas com GP2 (Lactobacillus plantarum) tiveram valores inferiores de
recuperação de matéria seca (89,30 e 88,49%, respectivamente) quando comparadas com as
demais silagens. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) para as concentrações de ácido lático (AL),
ácido acético (AA), ácido propiônico (AP), ácido butírico (AB), relação ácido lático: ácido
acético (AL/AA), pH e capacidade tampão (CT) das silagens de palma forrageira tratadas e não
tratadas. Observaram-se valores médios variando de 0,98 (GP24) a 1,40 % na MS (Controle)
para AA; 0,04 (GP21; GP22) a 0,12 % na MS (Controle) para AP; 0,007 (GP15, GP21) a 0,011
% na MS (GP3) para AB; a menor relação AL/AA foi apresentada pelo tratamento GP2
(Lactobacillus plantarum) com comportamento diferenciado e a maior relação foi observada
para o tratamento GP31 (Lactobacillus plantarum). As médias de AB e AP foram abaixo de
0,5%. Os valores médios de pH, variaram de 3,87 (GP22) a 4,19 (GP1). Para capacidade tampão
da massa ensilada, os valores médios variaram de 0,073 (Controle) a 0,147 e.mg/100 g MS
(GP24), não havendo efeito (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos estudados. Para os valores matéria
seca (MS) e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) não houve efeito, devido a utilização do
inoculante. Os teores de proteína bruta (PB) obtidos nos tratamentos avaliados (GP1; GP2; GP3
e GP5) apresentaram diferenças significativas, observando os menores valores nas silagens com
a presença do inoculante homofermentativo. Ambos os inoculantes microbianos (homo e
heteroláticos) proporcionaram adequado padrão fermentativo, e demonstraram particularidades
benéficas. Provavelmente em razão da menor degradação de proteína (proteólise) durante o
processo fermentativo, as silagens inoculadas com bactérias heteroláticas apresentaram um
valor de PB, semelhante a forragem original, com maiores proporções de PB em comparação
com as estirpes homoláticas. Com base nisso, seria interessante realizar estudos com a
combinação de BAL homofermentativas e heterofermentativas na ensilagem de palma
forrageira
Efeito do tipo de cobertura em silos de superfície sobre o perfil fermentativo, composição químico-bromatológica e estabilidade aeróbia de silagens de milho ao longo da descarga
No full textThe qualitative factors related to the impermeability offered by plastic films for the coating of horizontal silos have great relevance when it comes to conducting an adequate fermentation process, preventing gas exchange and consequent inhibition of opportunistic aerobic microorganisms, leading to greater conservation of value nutritional value of the ensiled material. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of the type of cover in surface silos on the fermentative profile, chemical-bromatological composition and aerobic stability of corn silages, distinguishing them by the specificities in their coatings, silage collection locations in the panel of the silos, and collection times at the respective locations. The trial period comprised 30 days. Where an experimental design was used in a scheme of sub-sub-divided plots, and as for the nature of the factors used, similarly to the factorials it took place quantitatively according to the type of coverage, place of collection in the silos and time of collection. The experiment had 2 plots [silo 1 (double-sided polyethylene plastic film - white and black (200 µm thick), and silo 2 (internally wrapped with polyamide plastic film (45 µm thick), coated with plastic film of double-sided polyethylene - white and black (200 µm thick) on the oxygen barrier film)], each plot held 3 sub-plots (Top, middle and bottom), and each sub-plot held 3 sub-plots ( 0, 12 and 24 hours after the opening of the silos), where the repetitions occurred during the collection days (R1 = day 0; R2 = day 7; R3 = day 15; R4 = day 21 and R5 = day 30), totaling 18 factorial combinations and five repetitions per treatment. It was possible to verify a great influence of the types of cover on the nutritional conservation of the corn silages, being observed effect for the majority of the evaluated variables regarding the bromatological composition in relation to the type of silo coating (except crude protein (PB) and lignin (LIG )), position (dry matter (DM), mineral matter (MM), PB, ether extract (EE), hemicellulose (HEM), non-fibrous carbohydrates (CNF) and silo versus position interaction (MS , MM, PB, EE, CNF) As for the fermentative profile, it can be seen as well as for silo 2 in its evaluation of the bromatological composition, the best results regarding the fermentative pattern, where a significant effect was found (P <0.05) regarding the levels of organic acids (lactic acid (AL), acetic acid (AA) and propionic acid (AP) (except butyric acid (AB)) produced in both silos. The double layer coated silo (silo 2) exhibited a greater capacity for preserving the nutritional value of forage due to its high impermeability to oxygen, reducing gas exchange with the medium as much as possible, thus contributing to disadvantage the conditions of the medium to the development of opportunistic microorganisms, resulting in a better fermentative profile.Os fatores qualitativos relacionados a impermeabilidade oferecida pelos filmes plásticos para o revestimento dos silos horizontais possuem grande relevância quando se trata da condução de um adequado processo fermentativo, com impedimento das trocas gasosas e consequente inibição dos microrganismos aeróbios oportunistas, levandosse a uma maior conservação do valor nutricional do material ensilado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia do tipo de cobertura em silos de superfície sobre o perfil fermentativo, composição químico-bromatológica e estabilidade aeróbia de silagens de milho, distinguindo-os pelas especificidades em seus revestimentos, locais de coleta da silagem no painel dos silos, e horários de coleta nos respectivos locais. O período experimental compreendeu 30 dias. Onde foi utilizado um delineamento experimental em esquema de parcelas sub-sub-divididas, e quanto à natureza dos fatores usados, à semelhança dos fatoriais se deu quantitativamente em função do tipo de cobertura, local de coleta nos silos e horário de coleta. O experimento contou com 2 parcelas [ silo 1 (filme plástico de polietileno dupla face – branco e preto (200 µm de espessura), e silo 2 (envolvido internamente com filme plástico de poliamida (45 µm de espessura), revestido por filme plástico de polietileno dupla face – branco e preto (200 µm de espessura) sobre o filme barreira de oxigênio)], cada parcela deteve 3 sub-parcelas (Topo, meio e base), e cada sub-parcela deteve 3 sub-sub-parcelas ( 0, 12 e 24 horas após a abertura dos silos), onde as repetições se deram pelos dias de coleta (R1= dia 0; R2= dia 7; R3= dia 15; R4= dia 21 e R5= dia 30), totalizando-se 18 combinações fatoriais e cinco repetições por tratamento. Foi possível verificar uma grande influência dos tipos de cobertura sobre a conservação nutricional das silagens de milho, sendo observados efeito para a maioria das variáveis avaliadas quanto a composição bromatológica em relação ao tipo revestimento do silo (exceto proteína bruta (PB) e lignina (LIG)), posição (matéria seca (MS), matéria mineral (MM), PB, extrato etéreo (EE), hemicelulose (HEM), carboidratos não-fibrosos (CNF) e interação silo versus posição (MS, MM, PB, EE, CNF). Quanto ao perfil fermentativo, pode-se observar assim como para o silo 2 em sua avaliação da composição bromatológica, os melhores resultados quanto ao padrão fermentativo, onde constatou-se efeito significativo (P<0,05) quanto aos teores dos ácidos orgânicos (ácido lático (AL), ácido acético (AA) e ácido propiônico (AP) (exceto o ácido butírico (AB)) produzidos em ambos os silos. O silo com revestimento dupla camada (silo 2) exibiu uma maior capacidade de preservação do valor nutricional da forrageira em função de sua alta impermeabilidade ao oxigênio, reduzindo ao máximo as trocas gasosas com o meio, contribuindo assim para desfavorecer as condições do meio ao desenvolvimento de microrganismos oportunistas, resultando em melhor perfil fermentativo
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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