1,721,813 research outputs found
Das musst du an Ruth fragen! - Perspektiven Deutsch als Fremdsprache in Marburg und weltweit
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Erlebter Raum, erlebte Kultur. Räume als Schlüssel zum landeskundlichen Lernen im Fremdsprachenunterricht
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Chemokines as new inflammatory players in the pathogenesis of epilepsy
No full textA large series of clinical and experimental studies supports a link between inflammation and epilepsy, indicating that inflammatory processes within the brain are important contributors to seizure recurrence and precipitation. Systemic inflammation can precipitate seizures in children suffering from epileptic encephalopathies, and hallmarks of a chronic inflammatory state have been found in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Research performed on animal models of epilepsy further corroborates the idea that seizures upregulate inflammatory mediators, which in turn may enhance brain excitability and neuronal degeneration. Several inflammatory molecules and their signaling pathways have been implicated in epilepsy. Among these, the chemokine pathway has increasingly gained attention. Chemokines are small cytokines secreted by blood cells, which act as chemoattractants for leukocyte migration. Recent studies indicate that chemokines and their receptors are also produced by brain cells, and are involved in various neurological disorders including epilepsy. In this review, we will focus on a subset of pro-inflammatory chemokines (namely CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CX3CL1) and their receptors, and their increasingly recognized role in seizure control
Raumdenken: Interkulturelles Lernen im europäischen Kontext
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Callosal contribution to ocular dominance in rat primary visual cortex
No full textOcular dominance (OD) plasticity triggered by monocular eyelid suture is a classic paradigm for studying experience-dependent changes in neural connectivity. Recently, rodents have become the most popular model for studies of OD plasticity. It is therefore important to determine how OD is determined in the rodent primary visual cortex. In particular, cortical cells receive considerable inputs from the contralateral hemisphere via callosal axons, but the role of these connections in controlling eye preference remains controversial. Here we have examined the role of callosal connections in binocularity of the visual cortex in naïve young rats. We recorded cortical responses evoked by stimulation of each eye before and after acute silencing, via stereotaxic tetrodotoxin (TTX) injection, of the lateral geniculate nucleus ipsilateral to the recording site. This protocol allowed us to isolate visual responses transmitted via the corpus callosum. Cortical binocularity was assessed by visual evoked potential (VEP) and single-unit recordings. We found that acute silencing of afferent geniculocortical input produced a very significant reduction in the contralateral-to-ipsilateral (C/I) VEP ratio, and a marked shift towards the ipsilateral eye in the OD distribution of cortical cells. Analysis of absolute strength of each eye indicated a dramatic decrease in contralateral eye responses following TTX, while those of the ipsilateral eye were reduced but maintained a more evident input. We conclude that callosal connections contribute to normal OD mainly by carrying visual input from the ipsilateral eye. These data have important implications for the interpretation of OD plasticity following alterations of visual experience
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Structural underpinnings of functional plasticity in rodent visual cortex
No full textFunctional plasticity in rodent visual cortex has been intensively studied since the pioneering experiments of Hubel and Wiesel in the sixties. Nevertheless, the structural modifications underlying this phenomenon remain elusive. In this article, we will review recent data focused on the dynamic of excitatory and inhibitory synapses and their structural changes linked to functional modifications. We also review novel evidence on structural remodeling that promote functional plasticity and on the role of cytoskeleton modifications in experience-dependent plasticity of rodent visual cortex
Hinter den Kulissen - die Qualifizierungsarbeit als Theaterstück? Einblicke in Inszenierungen von Forschungsprojekten
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"Vorhang zu und alle Fragen offen?'' Von wegen! Junge deutschsprachige Fremdsprachenforschung im Prozess. Ein Prolog
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